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Absolute Coefficients and the Graphical Representation of Aerofoil Characteristics

Description: It is argued that there should be an agreement as to what conventions to use in determining absolute coefficients used in aeronautics and in how to plot those coefficients. Of particular importance are the absolute coefficients of lift and drag. The author argues for the use of the German method over the kind in common use in the United States and England, and for the Continental over the usual American and British method of graphically representing the characteristics of an airfoil.
Date: June 1921
Creator: Munk, Max
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Airplane Balance

Description: The authors argue that the center of gravity has a preponderating influence on the longitudinal stability of an airplane in flight, but that manufacturers, although aware of this influence, are still content to apply empirical rules to the balancing of their airplanes instead of conducting wind tunnel tests. The author examines the following points: 1) longitudinal stability, in flight, of a glider with coinciding centers; 2) the influence exercised on the stability of flight by the position of… more
Date: June 1921
Creator: Huguet, L.
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The development of German Army airplanes during the war

Description: From Summary: "The author, who was a captain of the Reserves in the Technical Department of the Aviation Division (Board of Airplane Experts) during the war, shows what means were taken for the creation of new airplane types and what tests were employed for trying out their flying properties, capacities and structural reliability. The principal representative types of each of the classes of airplanes are described and the characteristics of the important structural parts are discussed. Data reg… more
Date: June 1921
Creator: Hoff, Wilhelm
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Distant-Compass

Description: Report presenting a description of fluid compasses that are being used in aircraft, including why magnetic compasses are not usable. Details of the distant compass are provided, which is an improved form of the compass that has a practical application in seaplanes.
Date: June 1921
Creator: Friedensburg, Walter & Miner, D. M.
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The Dynamometer Hub and the Flywheel of the Engine

Description: Report presenting a description of the interaction between the dynamometer hub and the flywheel of the engine in aircraft. The negative rotary moments in propellers generally allow for the cessation of one cylinder without any lifting on the part of the propeller, and without depriving the engine of its flywheel.
Date: June 1921
Creator: Everling, E.
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Observations on the Method of Determining the Velocity of Airships

Description: To obtain the absolute velocity of an airship by knowing the speed at which two routes are covered, we have only to determine the geographical direction of the routes which we locate from a map, and the angles of routes as given by the compass, after correcting for the variation (the algebraical sum of the local magnetic declination and the deviation).
Date: June 1921
Creator: Volterra, Vito
open access

Comparing Maximum Pressures in Internal Combustion Engines

Description: Thin metal diaphragms form a satisfactory means for comparing maximum pressures in internal combustion engines. The diaphragm is clamped between two metal washers in a spark plug shell and its thickness is chosen such that, when subjected to explosion pressure, the exposed portion will be sheared from the rim in a short time.
Date: June 1922
Creator: Sparrow, Stanwood W. & Lee, Stephen M.
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Effect of Structure in Middle Part of Leading Edge of a Thick Wing: Communication From Rijks-Studiedienst Voor De Luchtvaart of Amsterdam

Description: The experiments herein described were made for the purpose of finding whether removing a larger portion of the wing to improve the pilot's view would be possible, without too great detriment to the aerodynamic properties of the airplane. The experiments were conducted on a wing similar to the Fokker F III.
Date: June 1922
open access

Engine Pistons of Light Metal

Description: This report presents the results of testing 32 sets of light metal pistons from 16 different aluminum and magnesium alloys, 2 sets of cast iron pistons, and one piston of pure electrolytic copper. The many-fold mutual relations between material properties, shape, thermic and dynamic processes in the engine were clarified by comprehensive technical, thermic, chemical, physical and metallographic investigations of pistons and piston materials.
Date: June 1922
Creator: Becker, G.
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Fakir Fuel Pump

Description: "In designing the Fakir fuel pump, the fundamental idea was to obtain a simple and reliable method of conveying the fuel from a low tank to the carburetor, with the avoidance of the faults of all former methods and the simultaneous warming of the fuel by means of the heat of compression generated. The principle of the Fakir fuel pump rests on the well-known principle of the diaphragm pump, which must be suitably adapted to the present purpose" (p. 1).
Date: June 1922
open access

Notes on the standard atmosphere

Description: From Summary: "This report contains the derivation of a series of relations between temperature, pressure, density, and altitude in a standard atmosphere which assumes a uniform decrease of temperature with altitude. The equations are collected and given with proper constants in both metric and English units for the temperature gradient adopted by the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics. A table of values of temperature pressure and density at various altitudes in this standard atmosphe… more
Date: June 1922
Creator: Diehl, Walter S.
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Problem of the Slotted Wing: A Communication From the Aerodynamic Institute of the Aachen Technical High School

Description: "It is to be expected that the advantageous properties, hitherto discovered in many slotted wing sections, depend very largely on the contour of the slot and the structural details of the wing. It is therefore of interest, aside from measurements on wings of constant cross-section along the span, to measure also wing models in which the structural details have already been given practical consideration" (p. 1).
Date: June 1922
Creator: Klemperer, W.
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The R-38 Catastrophe and the Mechanics of Rigid Airship Construction

Description: An airship frame may be regarded as a rigid girder subjected to a number of forces which, according to their nature, may be classified as follows: weight or loads (force of gravity); lifting forces (aero-static); accelerations (dynamic). These forces must be in equilibrium in the three most important cases during flight: 1) when the airship is floating (aerostatic problem); 2) when flying without acceleration (aerodynamic problem). 3) When under the influence of any accelerating force (dynamic … more
Date: June 1922
Creator: Herrera, Emilio
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Simple formula for estimating airplane ceilings

Description: From Summary: "The aeronautical engineer often has occasion to estimate the absolute ceiling of an airplane for which a detailed performance calculation is out of the question. In such cases it is customary to use either empirical performance charts or formulae. The performance charts given in several of the recent works on aeronautics are satisfactory so long as the airplane under consideration does not depart too far from the average in its characteristics. The formulae, with one exception, a… more
Date: June 1922
Creator: Diehl, Walter S.
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Aeronautical Instruments

Description: Note presenting a number of instruments that can assist pilots with observing the position of the airplane. Some of the instruments include an inclinometer with stationary system of reference and an inclinometer with moving axes.
Date: June 1923
Creator: Bennewitz, Kurt
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