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P.S. Magazine, Issue 538, September 1997: Monthly graphic bulletin issued by the U.S. Army regarding preventative maintenance policies and procedures to keep weapons and other military supplies in good repair.
P.S. Magazine, Issue 539, October 1997: Monthly graphic bulletin issued by the U.S. Army regarding preventative maintenance policies and procedures to keep weapons and other military supplies in good repair.
P.S. Magazine, Issue 540, November 1997: Monthly graphic bulletin issued by the U.S. Army regarding preventative maintenance policies and procedures to keep weapons and other military supplies in good repair.
P.S. Magazine, Issue 534, May 1997: Monthly graphic bulletin issued by the U.S. Army regarding preventative maintenance policies and procedures to keep weapons and other military supplies in good repair.
P.S. Magazine, Issue 532, March 1997: Monthly graphic bulletin issued by the U.S. Army regarding preventative maintenance policies and procedures to keep weapons and other military supplies in good repair.
P.S. Magazine, Issue 535, June 1997: Monthly graphic bulletin issued by the U.S. Army regarding preventative maintenance policies and procedures to keep weapons and other military supplies in good repair.
P.S. Magazine, Issue 536, July 1997: Monthly graphic bulletin issued by the U.S. Army regarding preventative maintenance policies and procedures to keep weapons and other military supplies in good repair.
P.S. Magazine, Issue 530, January 1997: Monthly graphic bulletin issued by the U.S. Army regarding preventative maintenance policies and procedures to keep weapons and other military supplies in good repair.
P.S. Magazine, Issue 531, February 1997: Monthly graphic bulletin issued by the U.S. Army regarding preventative maintenance policies and procedures to keep weapons and other military supplies in good repair.
P.S. Magazine, Issue 541, December 1997: Monthly graphic bulletin issued by the U.S. Army regarding preventative maintenance policies and procedures to keep weapons and other military supplies in good repair.
P.S. Magazine, Issue 537, August 1997: Monthly graphic bulletin issued by the U.S. Army regarding preventative maintenance policies and procedures to keep weapons and other military supplies in good repair.
P.S. Magazine, Issue 533, April 1997: Monthly graphic bulletin issued by the U.S. Army regarding preventative maintenance policies and procedures to keep weapons and other military supplies in good repair.
Businesslike Government: Lessons Learned From America's Best Companies: Book containing recommendations and lessons learned from many of America's best companies on how the federal government can improve its efficiency and customer focus.
Computational Quantum Chemistry [Website]: This report contains the contents of a web page related to research on the development of quantum chemistry methods for computational thermochemistry and the application of quantum chemistry methods to problems in material chemistry and chemical sciences. Research programs highlighted include: Gaussian-2 theory; Density functional theory; Molecular sieve materials; Diamond thin-film growth from buckyball precursors; Electronic structure calculations on lithium polymer electrolytes; Long-distance electronic coupling in donor/acceptor molecules; and Computational studies of NOx reactions in radioactive waste storage.
Experimental measurement of the 4-d transverse phase space map of a heavy ion beam: The development and employment of a new diagnostic instrument for characterizing intense, heavy ion beams is reported on. This instrument, the ''Gated Beam Imager'' or ''GBI'' was designed for use on Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory Heavy Ion Fusion Project's ''Small Recirculator'', an integrated, scaled physics experiment and engineering development project for studying the transport and control of intense heavy ion beams as inertial fusion drivers in the production of electric power. The GBI allows rapid measurement and calculation of a heavy ion beam's characteristics to include all the first and second moments of the transverse phase space distribution, transverse emittance, envelope parameters and beam centroid. The GBI, with appropriate gating produces a time history of the beam resulting in a 4-D phase-space and time ''map'' of the beam. A unique capability of the GBI over existing diagnostic instruments is its ability to measure the ''cross'' moments between the two transverse orthogonal directions. Non-zero ''cross'' moments in the alternating gradient lattice of the Small Recirculator are indicative of focusing element rotational misalignments contributing to beam emittance growth. This emittance growth, while having the same effect on the ability to focus a beam as emittance growth caused by non-linear effects, is in principle removable by an appropriate number of focusing elements. The instrument uses the pepperpot method of introducing a plate with many pinholes into the beam and observing the images of the resulting beamlets as they interact with a detector after an appropriate drift distance. In order to produce adequate optical signal and repeatability, the detector was chosen to be a microchannel plate (MCP) with a phosphor readout screen. The heavy ions in the pepperpot beamlets are stopped in the MCP's thin front metal anode and the resulting secondary electron signal is amplified and proximity-focused onto the phosphor while maintaining the …
Study of the charmonium 1**1 S(0) e 1**3 P(2) decays to gamma-gamma (FNAL E835): No Description Available.
Leaching of Alkalis in Biomass Using Banagrass as a Prototype Herbaceous Species: Final Report, February 1997: Feasibility study for growing biomass crops on reclaimed phosphate mining land and producing ethanol from them proposes a combination of sugarcane and cellulosic crops with both conventional sugar and cellulosic ethanol production facilities.
Next nuclear challenge - how do we dispose of the excess nuclear materials?: The ''Cold War'' was not fought only by soldiers but by scientists and engineers in Laboratories and plants located throughout the world. With the fall of the Berlin Wall, the ''Cold War'' was effectively over, but the weapons of nuclear war remained. Following signing of START 2 (Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty) in 1993, up to 100 tonnes of weapons usable plutonium is expected to be declared excess by the Super Powers. Steps must be taken to address the proliferation risks associated with this plutonium. Again the scientist and engineers, who were the ''Cold War'' warriors, are being asked to develop methods to disposition this plutonium such that it can never again be used for weapons. Will we burn the plutonium in reactors or immobilize the plutonium either in a glass or ceramic matrix? Interesting challenges face chemists and chemical engineers developing immobilization techniques to render the plutonium both environmentally benign, and proliferation resistant.
Demonstration of pu immobilization in synroc at the 50g of PuO{sub 2} scale: The immobilization of 13.5 wt% PuO{sub 2} in a zirconolite-rich Synroc has been demonstrated at the 50 g PuO{sub 2} scale in cans produced by hot isostatic pressing (HIPing) at 1280 C. The wasteform also contains more than an equimolar amount of neutron poisons such as Gd, Sm and Hf. The scale-up technology for production of Pu-containing cans of Synroc by HIPing has been demonstrated at the 10 kg scale using CeO{sub 2} as an analog for PuO{sub 2}. The characterization of the products has shown that Ce is a good analog for Pu in zirconolite-rich Synroc produced by HIPing. Post-production thermal tests simulating the effects of a HLW glass pour in a surrounding canister have shown that the Synroc is stable and there is no exsolution of PuO{sub 2} or CeO{sub 2}.
A Helical Magnet Design for RHIC: Helical dipole magnets are required in a project for the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) to control and preserve the beam polarization in order to allow the collision of polarized proton beams. Specifications are for low current superconducting magnets with a 100 mm coil aperture and a 4 Tesla field in which the field rotates 360 degrees over a distance of 2.4 meters. A magnet meeting the requirements has been developed that uses a small diameter cable wound into helical grooves machined into a thick-walled aluminum cylinder.
Northeastern California Ethanol Manufacturing Feasibility Study: This report is a compilation of work by several different organizations and includes the NREL researched report, 'Biomass to Ethanol, Facility Design, Cost Estimate, and Financial Evaluation' Volumes I and II.
Production of D*+ (2010) mesons by high-energy neutrinos from the Tevatron: Charged vector D*{sup +}(2010) meson production is studied in a high energy neutrino bubble chamber experiment with mean neutrino energy of 141 GeV. The D*{sup +} are produced in (5.6 {+-} 1.8)% of the neutrino charged current interactions, indicating a steep increase of cross section with energy. The mean fractional hadronic energy of the D*{sup +} meson is 0.55 {+-} 0.06.
Multiwire proportional chambers in M1 and M3 spectrometers of charmed baryon experiment (E781) at Fermilab: The status of the multiwire proportional chambers in the FERMILAB E781 experiment and a general description of the readout system are given. This essay will describe the system of multiwire proportional chambers (MWPC) that are part of the Fermilab experiment E781 setup. Multiwire proportional chambers are often used in particle physics experiments because they can determine the position of charged particles very accurately (less than a millimeter). The E781 experiment which is also called SELEX (SEgmented LargE-X) is a spectrometer designed to study the production and decay of charmed baryons. MWPCs are part of the 3-stage charged particle spectrometer (Figure 1). Each spectrometer stage includes a bending magnet and chambers. More information about E781 experiment is given in the Appendix. In the following, some basic concepts of MWPCs will be given briefly. After that the multiwire proportional chambers (M1PWC and M3PWC) that are used in the E781 fixed target experiment will be described. Then a general description of the readout system for both M1PWC and M3PWC setups will follow. Finally the tests done on both sets of chambers will be explained in detail.
Biofuels Update: Report on U.S. Department of Energy Biofuels Technology - Summer 1997, Vol. 5, No. 3: Highlights of this issue include stories on the latest additions to the Chrysler and Ford flexible fuel lineup, a series of meetings held last spring to assess the availability of cellulase preparations used for bioethanol production, an update on regional biomass energy programs, and more.
A Measurement of the holographic minimum observable beam branching ratio in the Fermilab 15-foot bubble chamber: Holography has been used successfully in combination with conventional optics for the first time in a large cryogenic bubble chamber, the 15-Foot Bubble Chamber at Fermilab, during a physics run. The innovative system combined the reference beam with the object beam, illuminating a conical volume of {approx} 1.4 m{sup 3}. Bubble tracks from neutrino interactions with a width of {approx} 120 {micro}m have been recorded with good contrast. The ratio of intensities of the object light to the reference light striking the film is called the Beam Branching Ratio. We obtained in our experiment an exceedingly small minimum-observable ratio of (0.54 {+-} 0.21) x 10{sup -7}. The technology has the potential for a wide range of applications.
Advanced Biomass Gasification Projects: DOE has a major initiative under way to demonstrate two high-efficiency gasification systems for converting biomass into electricity. As this fact sheet explains, the Biomass Power Program is cost-sharing two scale-up projects with industry in Hawaii and Vermont that, if successful, will provide substantial market pull for U.S. biomass technologies, and provide a significant market edge over competing foreign technologies.
SunLab Test Facilities: The U.S. Department of Energy maintains two major test facilities in support of its Solar Thermal Electric Program--Sandia's National Solar Thermal Test Facility (NSTTF) in Albuquerque, New Mexico, and NREL's High-Flux Solar Furnace (HFSF) in Golden, Colorado. Manufacturers can use the NSTTF to test new designs, ideas, and products in an outdoor environment much like the environment the equipment will be in when it is used in the field; the operational characteristics and size of NREL's 10-kilowatt HFSF make it ideal for testing prototype hardware and calibrating flux gauges, which are used to measure levels of concentrated sunlight.
Home Energy Rating System Building Energy Simulation Test for Florida (Florida-HERS BESTEST): Tier 1 and Tier 2 Tests; Vol. 1 (User's Manual) and Vol. 2 (Reference Results): In 1991, the U.S. Department of Energy, in cooperation with the Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD), initiated a collaborative process to define a residential energy efficiency rating program linked with energy-efficient mortgage (EEM) financing. During this process, the collaborative, consisting of a broad-based group representing stakeholder organizations, identified the need for quality control procedures to evaluate and verify the energy prediction methods used by Home Energy Rating System (HERS) providers. Such procedures were needed so a variety of locally developed rating systems would have equal opportunity to qualify under the umbrella of a national HERS/EEM system by meeting minimum technical requirements (National Renewable Energy Laboratory).
Analysis of the Performance Benefits of Short-Term Energy Storage in Wind-Diesel Hybrid Power Systems: A variety of prototype high penetration wind-diesel hybrid power systems have been implemented with different amounts of energy storage. They range from systems with no energy storage to those with many hours worth of energy storage. There has been little consensus among wind-diesel system developers as to the appropriate role and amount of energy storage in such systems. Some researchers advocate providing only enough storage capacity to supply power during the time it takes the diesel genset to start. Others install large battery banks to allow the diesel(s) to operate at full load and/or to time-shift the availability of wind-generated electricity to match the demand. Prior studies indicate that for high penetration wind-diesel systems, short-term energy storage provides the largest operational and economic benefit. This study uses data collected in Deering, Alaska, a small diesel-powered village, and the hybrid systems modeling software Hybrid2 to determine the optimum amount of short-term storage for a particular high penetration wind-diesel system. These findings were then generalized by determining how wind penetration, turbulence intensity, and load variability affect the value of short term energy storage as measured in terms of fuel savings, total diesel run time, and the number of diesel starts.
High Efficiency Vapor-Fed AMTEC System for Direct Conversion. Final Report: The Alkali Metal Thermal to Electric Converter (AMTEC) is a high temperature, high efficiency system for converting thermal to electrical energy, with no moving parts. It is based on the unique properties of {beta}{double_prime}-alumina solid electrolyte (BASE), which is an excellent conductor of sodium ions, but an extremely poor conductor of electrons. When the inside of the BASE is maintained at a higher temperature and pressure, a concentration gradient is created across the BASE. Electrons and sodium atoms cannot pass through the BASE. However, the sodium atoms are ionized, and the sodium ions move through the BASE to the lower potential (temperature) region. The electrons travel externally to the AMTEC cell, providing power. There are a number of potential advantages to a wick-pumped, vapor-fed AMTEC system when compared with other designs. A wick-pumped system uses capillary forces to passively return liquid to the evaporator, and to distribute the liquid in the evaporator. Since the fluid return is self-regulating, multiple BASE tubes can use a single remote condenser, potentially improving efficiency in advanced AMTEC designs. Since the system is vapor-fed, sodium vapor is supplied at a uniform temperature and flux to the BASE tube, even with non-uniform heat fluxes and temperatures at the evaporator. The primary objective of the Phase 2 program was to develop wick-pumped AMTEC cells. During the program, procedures to fabricate wicks with smaller pore sizes were developed, to allow operation of an AMTEC cell at 800 C. A revised design was made for a High-Temperature, Wick-Fed AMTEC cell. In addition to the smaller wick pore size, several other changes were made to increase the cell efficiency: (1) internal artery return of condensate; (2) high temperature electrical feedthrough; and (3) separate heat pipe for providing heat to the BASE.
Battery Life Prediction Method for Hybrid Power Applications: Preprint: Batteries in hybrid power applications that include intermittent generators, such as wind turbines, experience a very irregular pattern of charge and discharge cycles. Because battery life is dependent on both depth and rate of discharge (and other factors such as temperature, charging strategy, etc.), estimating battery life and optimally sizing batteries for hybrid systems is difficult. Typically, manufacturers give battery life data, if at all, as cycles to failure versus depth of discharge, where all discharge cycles are assumed to be under conditions of constant temperature, current, and depth of discharge. Use of such information directly can lead to gross errors in battery lifetime estimation under actual operating conditions, which may result in either a higher system cost than necessary or an undersized battery bank prone to early failure. Even so, most current battery life estimation algorithms consider only the effect of depth of discharge on cycle life. This paper will discuss a new battery life prediction method, developed to investigate the effects of two primary determinants of battery life in hybrid power applications, varying depths of discharge and varying rates of discharge. A significant feature of the model is that it bases its analysis on battery performance and cycle life data provided by the manufacturer, supplemented by a limited amount of empirical test data, eliminating the need for an electrochemical model of the battery. It performs the analysis for a user-prescribed discharge profile consisting of a series of discharge events of specified average current and duration. Sample analyses are presented to show how the method can be used to select the most economical battery type and size for a given hybrid power system application.
High Efficiency Vapor-Fed AMTEC System for Direct Conversion. Appendices for Final Report: This report consists of four appendices for the final report. They are: Appendix A: 700 C Vapor-Fed AMTEC Cell Calculations; Appendix B: 700 C Vapor-Fed AMTEC Cell Parts Drawings; Appendix C: 800 C Vapor-Fed AMTEC Cell Calculations; and Appendix D: 800 C Wick-Pumped AMTEC Cell System Design.
Geologic Studies in the Basin and Range-Colorado Plateau Transition in Southeastern Nevada, Southwestern Utah, and Northwestern Arizona, 1995: The following report is the second compilation of reports describing the geology of the Basin and Range to Colorado Plateau Transition (BARCO) area.
Proterozoic Geology of the Granite Village Area, Albany and Laramie Counties, Wyoming, Compared with that of the Sierra Madre and Medicine Bow Mountains of Southeastern Wyoming: Abstract: "Precambrian metavolcanic rocks north and south of the village of Granite, Wyoming, belong to a sequence of isolated metavolcanic and metasedimentary masses in the Sherman Granite of the southern Laramie Mountains. Similar rocks lie to the west, in the Precambrian uplifts of the southern Medicine Bow Mountains and Sierra Madre. A major fault system, the Cheyenne belt, splits these two ranges into northern and southern domains, and may constitute a suture along which Early Proterozoic islands arcs collided with an Early Proterozoic passive margin. Projection of the Cheyenne belt into the Laramie Mountains suggests that the study area, which is 65 kilometers south of the proposed suture, comprises a distinct volcanic arc with a unique chemistry or age. However, chemistry of the volcanic rocks of the study area as determined as so far does not differ significantly from those of the Medicine Bow Mountains and Sierra Madre."
Progress update on the US photovoltaic manufacturing technology project: The Photovoltaic Manufacturing Technology (PVMaT) project is helping the U.S. photovoltaic (PV) industry extend its world leadership role in manufacturing and stimulate the commercial development of PV modules and systems. Initiated in 1990, PVMaT is being carried out in several directed and staggered phases to support industry`s continued progress. Thirteen subcontracts awarded in FY 1996 under Phase 4A emphasize improvement and cost reduction in the manufacture of full-system PV products. Areas of work in Phase 4A included, but were not limited to, issues such as improving module-manufacturing processes; system and system-component packaging, integration, manufacturing, and assembly; product manufacturing flexibility; and balance-of-system development with the goal of product manufacturing improvements. These Phase 4A, product-driven manufacturing research and development (R&D) activities are now completing their second phase. Progress under these Phase 4A and remaining Phase 2B subcontracts from the earlier PVMaT solicitation are summarized in this paper. Evaluations of the success of this project have been carried out in FY 1995 and late FY 1996. This paper examines the 1997 cost/capacity data that have been collected from active PVMaT manufacturers.
The Work Smart Standards Process at Jefferson Lab: The Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility (Jefferson Lab) has developed a set of Work Smart Standards for the Lab. The effort incorporated the Lab`s performance-based contract into the Necessary and Sufficient (N and S) Standards identification process of the DOE. A rigorous protocol identified hazards in the workplace and standards that provide adequate protection of workers, public, and the environment at reasonable cost. The intensive process was a joint effort between the Lab and DOE and it required trained teams of knowledgeable experts in three fields: (1) actual required work conditions at Jefferson Lab; (2) laws, regulations, DOE directives and performance-based contracts; and (3) Environmental Health and Safety (EH and S), Rad Con, and QA. The criteria for selection of the teams, the database designed and used for the process, and lessons learned are discussed.
A Parallel Lanczos Method for Symmetric Generalized Eigenvalue Problems: Lanczos algorithm is a very effective method for finding extreme eigenvalues of symmetric matrices. It requires less arithmetic operations than similar algorithms, such as, the Arnoldi method. In this paper, the authors present their parallel version of the Lanczos method for symmetric generalized eigenvalue problem, PLANSO. PLANSO is based on a sequential package called LANSO which implements the Lanczos algorithm with partial re-orthogonalization. It is portable to all parallel machines that support MPI and easy to interface with most parallel computing packages. Through numerical experiments, they demonstrate that it achieves similar parallel efficiency as PARPACK, but uses considerably less time.
Standard hydrogen monitoring system (SHMS) engineering task plan: This document details the responsibilities and requirements for the design, technical documents, fabrication, testing, and installation of the SHMS-E and SHMS-E+ continuous gas monitors. The SHMS-E is identical in function to a SHMS-B but has the interface to accommodate an analytical module containing a gas chromatograph and a B and K photo acoustic gas monitor. Temporary addition of the analytical module adds the ``+`` to the SHMS-E designation. The analytical module is temporary in all installations.
AX tank farm waste inventory study for the Hanford Tanks Initiative (HTI) project: In May of 1996, the US Department of Energy implemented a four-year demonstration project identified as the Hanford Tanks Initiative (HTI). The HTI mission is to minimize technical uncertainties and programmatic risks by conducting demonstrations to characterize and remove tank waste using technologies and methods that will be needed in the future to carry out tank waste remediation and tank farm closure at the Hanford Site. Included in the HTI scope is the development of retrieval performance evaluation criteria supporting readiness to close single-shell tanks in the future. A path forward that includes evaluation of closure basis alternatives has been outlined to support the development of retrieval performance evaluation criteria for the AX Farm, and eventual preparation of the SEIS for AX Farm closure. This report documents the results of the Task 4, Waste Inventory study performed to establish the best-basis inventory of waste contaminants for the AX Farm, provides a means of estimating future soil inventories, and provides data for estimating the nature and extent of contamination (radionuclide and chemical) resulting from residual tank waste subsequent to retrieval. Included in the report are a best-basis estimate of the existing radionuclide and chemical inventory in the AX Farm Tanks, an estimate of the nature and extent of existing radiological and chemical contamination from past leaks, a best-basis estimate of the radionuclide and chemical inventory in the AX Farm Tanks after retrieval of 90 percent, 99 percent, and 99.9 percent of the waste, and an estimate of the nature and extent of radionuclide and chemical contamination resulting from retrieval of waste for an assumed leakage from the tanks during retrieval.
W-320 waste retrieval sluicing system transfer line flushing volume and frequency calculation: The calculations contained in this analysis document establish the technical basis for the volume, frequency, and flushing fluid to be utilized for routine Waste Retrieval Sluicing System (WRSS) process line flushes. The WRSS was installed by Project W-320, Tank 24 I-C-106 Sluicing. The double contained pipelines being flushed have 4 inch stainless steel primary pipes. The flushes are intended to prevent hydrogen build up in the transfer lines and to provide ALARA conditions for maintenance personnel.
Computer-aided dispatching system design specification: This document defines the performance requirements for a graphic display dispatching system to support Hanford Patrol Operations Center. This document reflects the as-built requirements for the system that was delivered by GTE Northwest, Inc. This system provided a commercial off-the-shelf computer-aided dispatching system and alarm monitoring system currently in operations at the Hanford Patrol Operations Center, Building 2721E. This system also provides alarm back-up capability for the Plutonium Finishing Plant (PFP).
W-026, acceptance test report LLW supercompactor (submittal {number_sign}567): The purpose of this acceptance test report was to verify the assembly is correct and complete and meets all the specification and performance requirements. On May 15--16, 1996, the LLW Supercompactor functional demonstrations and performance tests were carried out. These tests were carried out in accordance with the Acceptance Test Procedure, submittal 565, dated 5/3/96. The tests were performed by Herman Miller and Gene Rice of INET Corporation and Richard Lawrence and other PCL personnel. The VIHC representative on May 15, 1996 was Doug Dunlap and on May 16, 1996 the representative was Ken Leist.
Project Hanford management contract quality assurance program implementation plan for nuclear facilities: During transition from the Westinghouse Hanford Company (WHC) Management and Operations (M and O) contract to the Fluor Daniel Hanford (FDH) Management and Integration (M and I) contract, existing WHC policies, procedures, and manuals were reviewed to determine which to adopt on an interim basis. Both WHC-SP-1131,Hanford Quality Assurance Program and Implementation Plan, and WHC-CM-4-2, Quality Assurance Manual, were adopted; however, it was recognized that revisions were required to address the functions and responsibilities of the Project Hanford Management Contract (PHMC). This Quality Assurance Program Implementation Plan for Nuclear Facilities (HNF-SP-1228) supersedes the implementation portion of WHC-SP-1 13 1, Rev. 1. The revised Quality Assurance (QA) Program is documented in the Project Hanford Quality Assurance Program Description (QAPD), HNF-MP-599. That document replaces the QA Program in WHC-SP-1131, Rev. 1. The scope of this document is limited to documenting the nuclear facilities managed by FDH and its Major Subcontractors (MSCS) and the status of the implementation of 10 CFR 830.120, Quality Assurance Requirements, at those facilities. Since the QA Program for the nuclear facilities is now documented in the QAPD, future updates of the information provided in this plan will be by letter. The layout of this plan is similar to that of WHC-SP-1 13 1, Rev. 1. Sections 2.0 and 3.0 provide an overview of the Project Hanford QA Program. A list of Project Hanford nuclear facilities is provided in Section 4.0. Section 5.0 provides the status of facility compliance to 10 CFR 830.120. Sections 6.0, 7.0, and 8.0 provide requested exemptions, status of open items, and references, respectively. The four appendices correspond to the four projects that comprise Project Hanford.
Standard-E hydrogen monitoring system shop acceptance test procedure: The purpose of this report is to document that the Standard-E Hydrogen Monitoring Systems (SHMS-E), fabricated by Mid-Columbia Engineering (MCE) for installation on the Waste Tank Farms in the Hanford 200 Areas, are constructed as intended by the design. The ATP performance will verify proper system fabrication.
Facility stabilization project, fiscal year 1998 -- Multi-year workplan (MYWP) for WBS 1.4: The primary Facility Stabilization mission is to provide minimum safe surveillance and maintenance of facilities and deactivate facilities on the Hanford Site, to reduce risks to workers, the public and environment, transition the facilities to a low cost, long term surveillance and maintenance state, and to provide safe and secure storage of special nuclear materials, nuclear materials, and nuclear fuel. Facility Stabilization will protect the health and safety of the public and workers, protect the environment and provide beneficial use of the facilities and other resources. Work will be in accordance with the Hanford Federal Facility Agreement and Consent Order (Tri-Party Agreement), local, national, international and other agreements, and in compliance with all applicable Federal, state, and local laws. The stakeholders will be active participants in the decision processes including establishing priorities, and in developing a consistent set of rules, regulations, and laws. The work will be leveraged with a view of providing positive, lasting economic impact in the region. Effectiveness, efficiency, and discipline in all mission activities will enable Hanford Site to achieve its mission in a continuous and substantive manner. As the mission for Facility Stabilization has shifted from production to support of environmental restoration, each facility is making a transition to support the Site mission. The mission goals include the following: (1) Achieve deactivation of facilities for transfer to EM-40, using Plutonium Uranium Extraction (PUREX) plant deactivation as a model for future facility deactivation; (2) Manage nuclear materials in a safe and secure condition and where appropriate, in accordance with International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) safeguards rules; (3) Treat nuclear materials as necessary, and store onsite in long-term interim safe storage awaiting a final disposition decision by US Department of Energy; (4) Implement nuclear materials disposition directives. In the near term these are anticipated to mostly involve …
Regulation of coal polymer degradation by fungi. Quarterly report, 31 July 1997--30 September 1997: During this reporting period the authors continued their investigations of how low rank coals are degraded by wood rotting fungi. Previous investigations showed that ligninolytic cultures of P. chrysosporium could decolorize soluble low rank coal macromolecule. The authors continue to investigate this phenomenon. Consistent with earlier observations they conclude that soluble coal macromolecule is decolorized in ligninolytic cultures of P. chrysosporium. To determine if this fungus can depolymerize coal macromolecule, samples were analyzed by GPC-HPLC. These analyses suggested that when coal macromolecules were incubated with ligninolytic cultures of P. chrysosporium a slight decrease in the average peak molecular weight of this mixture had occurred. During this reporting period they also discovered that changes in buffer composition can alter the peak retention times of coal macromolecules during GPC-HPLC probably by causing dissociation and reassociation of individual macromolecules. In other experiments it has been shown that lignin peroxidases that are secreted by ligninolytic cultures of P. chrysosporium are responsible, at least in part, for decolorization of coal macromolecules. Taken together, these studies show that the lignin degrading system of P. chrysosporium is able to enzymatically attack macromolecules solubilized from low rank coal. The ability of nonacclimated bacteria from sewage sludge to used leonardite and soluble coal macromolecule as a substrate for methanogenesis was also investigated. To date, the bacterial consortium studied was unable to use these substrates for this purpose.
Hanford K Basins spent nuclear fuels project update: Twenty one hundred metric tons of spent nuclear fuel are stored in two concrete pools on the Hanford Site, known as the K Basins, near the Columbia River. The deteriorating conditions of the fuel and the basins provide engineering and management challenges to assure safe current and future storage. DE and S Hanford, Inc., part of the Fluor Daniel Hanford, Inc. lead team on the Project Hanford Management Contract, is constructing facilities and systems to move the fuel from current wet pool storage to a dry interim storage facility away from the Columbia River, and to treat and dispose of K Basins sludge, debris and water. The process starts in the K Basins where fuel elements will be removed from existing canisters, washed, and separated from sludge and scrap fuel pieces. Fuel elements will be placed in baskets and loaded into Multi-Canister Overpacks (MCOs) and into transportation casks. The MCO and cask will be transported into the Cold Vacuum Drying Facility, where free water within the MCO will be removed under vacuum at slightly elevated temperatures. The MCOs will be sealed and transported via the transport cask to the Canister Storage Building (CSB) in the 200 Area for staging prior to hot conditioning. The conditioning step to remove chemically bound water is performed by holding the MCO at 300 C under vacuum. This step is necessary to prevent excessive pressure buildup during interim storage that could be caused by corrosion. After conditioning, MCOs will remain in the CSB for interim storage until a national repository is completed.
Criticality parameters for tank waste evaluation: Nuclear criticality parameters were developed as a basis for evaluating criticality safety for waste stored in the high-level waste tank farms on the Hanford Site in Washington State. The plutonium critical concentration and critical mass were calculated using a conservative waste model (CWM). The primary requirement of a CWM is that it have a lower neutron absorption than any actual waste. Graphs are provided of the critical mass as a function of plutonium concentration for spheres and for uniform slab layers in a 22.9-m-diameter tank. Minimum subcritical absorber-to-plutonium mass rates were calculated for waste components selected for their relative abundance and neutron absorption capacity. Comparison of measured absorber-to-plutonium mass ratios in their corresponding subcritical limit mass ratios provides a means of assessing whether criticality is possible for waste of the measured composition. A comparison is made between the plutonium critical concentrations in CWM solids and in a postulated real waste. This comparison shows that the actual critical parameters are likely to be significantly larger than those obtained using the CWM, thus providing confidence that the margin of safety obtained to the criticality safety evaluation is conservative.
Facility effluent monitoring plan for the Plutonium Uranium Extraction Facility: A facility effluent monitoring plan is required by the US Department of Energy in DOE Order 5400.1 for any operations that involve hazardous materials and radioactive substances that could impact employee or public safety or the environment. This document is prepared using the specific guidelines identified in A Guide for Preparing Hanford Site Facility Effluent Monitoring Plans, WHC-EP-0438-01. This facility effluent monitoring plan assesses effluent monitoring systems and evaluates whether these systems are adequate to ensure the public health and safety as specified in applicable federal, state, and local requirements. This facility effluent monitoring plan will ensure long-range integrity of the effluent monitoring systems by requiring an update whenever a new process or operation introduces new hazardous materials or significant radioactive materials. This document must be reviewed annually even if there are no operational changes, and it must be updated, at a minimum, every 3 years.
Tank characterization report for double-shell tank 241-AN-105: A major function of the Tank Waste Remediation System (TWRS) is to characterize wastes in support of waste management and disposal activities at the Hanford Site. Analytical data from sampling and analysis, along with other available information about a tank, are compiled and maintained in a tank characterization report (TCR). This report and its appendixes serve as the TCR for double-shell tank 241-AN-105. The objectives of this report are: (1) to use characterization data in response to technical issues associated with tank 241-AN-105 waste; and (2) to provide a standard characterization of this waste in terms of a best-basis inventory estimate. The response to technical issues is summarized in Section 2.0, and the best-basis inventory estimate is presented in Section 3.0. Recommendations regarding safety status and additional sampling needs are provided in Section 4.0. Supporting data and information are contained in the appendices. This report also supports the requirements of the Hanford Federal Facility Agreement and Consent Order (Ecology et al. 1996) milestone M-44-10.

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