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- The Aeolotropic Elastic Relations for Uranium Crystals
- Handwritten report. This theoretical introduction to the anisotropic elastic properties of the orthorombic [sic] uranium crystal presents certain basic ideas which are useful in the study of experimental methods for determining preferred orientations in polycrystalline bodies. The method of analysis used to determine the elastic constants suggests explanations and correlations for the observations of sonic wave experiments on bars having preferred orientations and also serves as an introduction into the type of mathematical relations used in the study of anisotropic crystals.
- Aerial Radiometric and Magnetic Survey: Death Valley National Topographic Map, Nevada and California
- "The results of analyses of the airborne gamma radiation and total magnetic field survey flown for the region identified as the Death Valley National Topographic Map NJ11-11 is presented in this report"--Abstract.
- Air Scattering of Co60 Gamma Rays: Theory Versus Experiment
- For Co60 source at 15 meters, the air-scattered gamma dose rate predicted by theory is excerpted from ORNL-1575, pp. 167-203. This is compared with experimental measurements for the same source and comparable geometry reported by Convair in CVAC-170T. After applying an appropriate correction for ground scattering as estimated in Mart-55-16T (Convair), the two results are found to be in substantial agreement.
- The Alkaline Method for Treatment of High Radiation Level Aluminum Wastes
- The method is based on caustic precipitation and centrifugation (which removes the Cs and small amounts of Sr, rare earths, Zr, Nb, and Ru). These are removed in the supernatant and run through a cation exchange column. This separates Zr-NB and Ru. The effluent is precipitated and the Zr-Nb is stored in an asphalt pit. The Ru then may be recovered from the precipitate. The precipitate from the original centrifugation is calcined, pressed and transported to a deep well.
- Ames Project, Chemical Research - General Chemistry, Report for the Period of April 10 to May 10, 1944
- Technical report. Areas covered are properties of uranium halides, properties of uranium nitrides, and hydride formation at high pressure.
- Analysis of the Interaction of 300-Mev Neutrons with Xenon
- Abstract: And investigation of the interactions between 300-Mev neutrons and xenon was made by means of a cloud chamber in a pulsed magnetic field of 21,700 gauss placed in the neutron beam of the 184-inch Berkeley cyclotron. Eighty-seven negative pion events and 257 other stars were analyzed. In addition an experimental check was made on the energy of the incoming neutrons. Classification, identification, and angular and energy distributions of prongs associated with all events are presented. Interpretations of results are given.
- Analysis of the Zircaloy-2 Creep Data with Two Extrapolation Methods
- The experimental evaluation of low (10⁻⁸ in/in/hr) creep rates are costly and time consuming. Thus, in answer to a request from the design group, the creep data on Zircaloy-2 obtained at Battelle Memorial Institute is extrapolated into the low creep rate range. Because the methods of extrapolation have not been evaluated at very low creep rates on Zircaloy, two different methods are used to analyze the creep data. The methods of extrapolation are given so that future analyses can be carried out by the design group or by other sections interested in predicting creep rates which have not been experimentally determined.
- The Biologic Effects of Radiation ; Training Program Lecture Notes
- The following report provides data taken from investigations on radiation and the different biologic effects on it.
- A Biological Survey of Colorado
- From introduction: "Report based chiefly on the field work prosecuted during 1905, 1906, 1907, and 1909. It is primarily a characterization of the several major distribution areas or life zones."
- Bonding of Tantalum
- Technical report describing the investigation undertaken to determine the necessary requirements for obtaining sound bonded joints on tantalum. Corrosion and Mass Transfer Loops LTTN 237A and 427 called for fabrication of 430 stainless steel clad tantalum tubing. Since there was little or no experience at welding this material at CANEL, specimens were welded using vacuum chambers and plastic chambers as normally used for loop fabrication. Resistance welding was performed without the use of a special atmosphere producing sound bonds.
- Calcium Uranium(IV) Fluoride; Precipitation and Reduction to Metal
- Using ferrous ion in the presence of fluoride for reducing uranium(VI) to the four state, the salt calcium uranium (IV) fluoride can be precipitated from uranyl nitrate solutions. X-ray studies have shown that the precipitate is a true double salt and not a mixture of the two insoluble fluorides of calcium and uranium. The salt settles rapidly and can be either filtered or centrifuged. Waste losses during precipitation and washing were on the order of 2.0 and 0.4 per cent, respectively. These waste losses are not primarily solubility losses. During filtration of the supernates some fines were not removed by the sintered glass filter, and post-precipitation was also noticed. The hydrated salt contains approximately one mole of water which can also be removed without hydrolysis by drying at 250 C in an atmosphere of deoxygenated argon. Dry calcium uranium fluoride prepared in this manner is free flowing with a bulk density of about 1.25 g/cm³.
- A Cement Base for the Hot Filament Mass Spectrometer Source
- The following document is meant to inform the reader on the makings of a cement base for the hot filament mass spectrometer source as part of a publication in the review of scientific instruments, "Laboratory and Shop Notes".
- The Characteristics of the Bond Interface Formed Between Zircaloy 2 and Uranium-12 w/o Molybdenum
- The following report analyzes the results taken from studies on the characteristics of the bond interface formed between zircaloy 2 and uranium-12 w/o molybdenum alloys.
- Close-Capture Adsorption System For Remote Radioisotope Chemistry
- Molecular sieves are synthetic zeolites which, when dehydrated, contain a network of empty pores and cavities that constitute almost 50% of the total volume of the crystals. They have the unique property of adsorbing within these cavities only those molecules that are small enough to pass through the pores of the crystals, Molecular sieves have a very strong affinity for water and other polar molecules. It is this selective property plus their stability and reasonable cost that make them of interest for the application described herein.
- Comparison of Radiation-Induced Graft Copolymerization Untilizing Electron Accelerators and Isotope Sources as Radiation Initiators
- "A brief examination of the post irradiation grafting of machine irradiated polyethylene film with acrylic acid monomer was made. Evidence of postgrafting was detected in samples that had been irradiated to a total dose of 10 Mrads at a dose rate of 0.01 Mrad/sec. and then exposed to a 25% purified acrylic acid solution in benzene for periods of 1 to 4 days."
- Cooperative Measurements of Radio Fading in 1925
- Scientific paper issued by the Bureau of Standards over studies conducted on radio fading. As stated in the abstract, "the series of measurements on fading were devoted to studies of fading effects during the sunset period, effects during the solar eclipse of January 24, the fading variations throughout a 24-hour day, and the effects of high transmitting power on fading" (p. 419). This paper includes tables, maps, illustrations, and photographs.
- Corrosive Effects of Heavy Metal Ions on Aluminum
- From summary: The object of the study was to determine if the heavy metal ions within the concentration ranges normally found in pile cooling water were responsible for corrosion of aluminum.
- Coulometric Titration Plutonium
- Abstract:"A method is described for the electroreduction of plutonium to the +3 valence state in a nitric acid-sulfamic acid solution. Exploratory experiments in the search for a coulometric titration of Pu(III) using electrolytically generated ceric ion are also described. The results strongly indicate that a convenient procedure can be devised. Suggestions for future work are presented."
- The Creep of Zircaloy-2 Process Tubes
- The creep problems associated with zircaloy-2 process tubes and the factors affecting the creep of these tubes were discussed in detail. Emphasis was placed on the determination of the tube wall thickness for an SPR tube, whose minimum thickness is limited by creep considerations. It was concluded that, at the present time, there is not enough information available to design zircaloy-2 process tubes on a realistic basis. Various experiments were suggested to supplement the creep rate testing program being pursued by Battelle Memorial Institute.
- "Crud" Scrubbing with a Purex-Type Zebra Cartridge
- Entrained solids have in the past been one of the major factors limiting solvent extraction fission product decontamination. These solids are known to be surface active, to absorb fission products, and to form interfacial films or "cruds". A major step in eliminating these cruds was taken when the Purex columns were modified to operate with the interfaces at the waste ends of the columns rather than the product ends. This type of operation tended to flush the solids out with the waste rather than the product streams.
- Current-Switching Circuitry
- This paper discusses a group of high-speed switching circuits using the basic current-switching mode of operation. The first part of the paper presents a dynamic analysis of the basic current-switching mode and the second part is the dynamic and steady-state analysis of a current-switching flip-flop.
- [Death Valley Quadrangle: Average Record Data Listings]
- Average record data listings taken during aerial gamma-ray and magnetic surveys of the Death Valley quadrangle in Nevada and California.
- [Death Valley Quadrangle: Single Record Data Listings]
- Single record data listings taken during aerial gamma-ray and magnetic surveys of the Death Valley quadrangle in Nevada and California.
- Decay-Energy Systematics Of The Heavy Elements
- Figures 1 and 2 summarize total decay energies for the four radioactive series. The alpha-decay energy obtained by measuring the energy of the alpha particle leading to the ground state includes the energy of the recoil nucleus. The curve shown in figure 3 defines in broad outline the conditions and regions of alpha instability. A great deal more is to be learned from a more detailed examination of the region where alpha radioactivity is prominent. Of great value to the experimentalist is that he is able to predict alpha energies, and the agreement between predicted and measured values often serves as a criterion for isotopic assignment. A number of systems for correlating alpha decay energies have been employed, and that perhaps most widely used is illustrated in figure 4. Here the isotopes of each element on a mass number vs. energy plot are joined, resulting in a family of curves which over a wide region comprise a series of nearly parallel lines.
- Degradation Products of Tributyl Phosphate
- Abstract: "A method for determination of dibutyl phosphate in solvent streams containing tributyl phosphate is outlined. The method is based on analysis for total uranium of total phosphate after removal of uranium and phosphate in excess of that present as uranyl dibutyl phosphate. Results on plant solvent samples are presented. Difficulties with precipitation of [...] dibutyl phosphate, when fresh solvents were employed, are discussed. Small amounts of nonphosphate uranium-complexing agents were found in plant solvents. Diluent degradation is postulated as the source of these components. Emulsion-formation tendencies appeared to correlate better with concentrations of these contaminants than with dibutyl phosphate content."
- Development and Properties of Uranium Monocarbide Cermets : Final Report
- Abstract: "Uranium monocarbide-Zircaloy II alloy cermets were developed and tested for chemical and physical properties. It was determined that pure uranium monocarbide can be prepared by vacuum are melting techniques. Following melting, the combination, hot pressing, and corrosion behavior of dense monocarbide has been studied. The preparation of uranium monocarbide-Zircaloy II cermet bodies was investigated by means of hot pressing, cold pressing and sintering, warm pressing, extrusion, and hot rolling. The corrosion resistance of the cermets was related to such variables as composition, preparation technique, and powder size. 01 per cent uranium monocarbide, 70 per cent zircaloy II cermets withstood corrosion tests in 680 F water. Cermets having above 30 weight per cent uranium monocarbide were not corrosion resistant."
- Development of the Excer Process
- Two revised Excer process flowsheets are presented for the production of UF4 from urnayl nitrate solution. In both, the uranium is sorbed on a cation-exchange resin and eluted with aqueous HF. In one, the resulting UO2F2 in dilute HF is mixed with dilute sulfuric or hydrochloric acid and electrolytically reduced in a cation-exchange-membrane cell, and the precipitated UF4·0.75H2O is dried and dehydrated to anhydrous UF4. A cost of 20¢ per pound of reduced uranium is estimated. In the other, ammonium fluoride is also added to the uranyl fluoride solution before the electrolytic reduction step, and the precipitate is UF4·04NH4F. A flowsheet for preparing UF4 from raw ore is also shown. The uranium is sorbed on an anion-exchange resin from a sulfuric acid leach liquor and eluted with dilute HCl. Ammonium fluoride and HF are added to the UO2Cl2-HCl solution before the uranyl ion is electrolytically reduced to precipitate UF4·0.4NH4F. Decontamination factors as high as 45 and 9 for gross beta and gamma activities and of 10 to 5000 for light metal impurities were obtained in the electrolytic reduction step.
- Digital-to-Analogue Converter (Punched Tape to X-Y Plotter)
- A digital-to-analog converter is described which is a part of a system that converts punched-tape digital data to analog data in a series of points drawn by an x-y plotter. The converter is designed to plot accurately tapes that contain information other than coded numerical coordinates. Operation of the converter is also described along with format requirements and power supplies. (J.R.D.)
- The Distributions in Energy and in Number of Electrons and Photons in Cascade: Derived With Energy-Dependent Bremsstrahlung, Materialization, Collision Loss and Multiple Scattering
- Diffusion equations for a cascade shower which include an energy cutoff and energy parameters for each particle have not previously been studied. In this paper it is found that an inclusion of both permits collision loss to be represented as a discrete process by modifying the differential radiation cross section.
- Division of Reactor Development Programs Monthly Report- July 1959
- Basic Studies. Sinterability studies on the isomorphous system UO2-PuO2 have continued. One-half inch diameter X 3/8'' long compacts containing physical mixtures of the two components have been heated in hydrogen. Sintered density as a function of time and temperature has been determined for times of one and eight hours up to 1600 C. In general, there seems to be minima on isothermal plots of density versus composition in the intermediate range 20-40 w/o PuO2. At concentrations greater than 40 w/o PuO2, density increases rapidly with increasing PuO2. In every case pure PuO2, (produced by decomposing plutonium oxalate at at 300 C) sintered to a greater density that ball ball milled PWR grade UO2. The data, for a one hour soak time, and tabulated in percent of the theoretical crystallographic density, can be seen below:
- Drilling on Tenderfoot Mesa, Mesa County, Colorado (Revised from RMO-821, for open file)
- A report regarding a drilling project at Tenderfoot Mesa, Mesa County, Colorado.
- Earth Vibrations from a Nuclear Explosion in a Salt Dome
- The following report presents data from the SALMON experiment, an experiment made to study the mechanics of a tamped nuclear detonation in a salt dome in terms of generated shock waves as they are propagated out of the dome and progressively through the crust and mantle of the earth. This experiment was made in the Tatum salt dome, Mississippi, October 22, 1964.
- Economic geology of the aluminum phosphate zone on property owned by the American Agricultural Chemical Company, land-pebble phosphate district, Florida
- This report presents all analytical data on the aluminum phosphate zone on lands owned by the American Agricultural Chemical Co. (A. A. C. Co.), and is one of a series of reports on lands of the companies active in the Land-Pebble Phosphate district.
- The Effect of Temperature on the Distribution of Nitric Acid Between Dibutyl Carbitol and Aqueous Solutions of Copper Nitrate
- This report follows a test made to determine the effect of temperature on the distribution of nitric acid between "carbitol" and gunk, extracting a number of samples of aqueous copper nitrate with samples of "carbitol" of various acidities. The data obtained is covered in Table 1.
- Effects of High Intensity Radiant Energy on Skin: [Part] 1. Type of Energy and Its Relation to Energy Delivery Rate
- Abstract: Burn lesions were produced by radiant energy, 3100 A to 22000 A, on depilated rat skin. The gross and microscopic pathological changes so caused are described and correlated with the amounts of incident energy and the rate of energy delivery. Within the limits studied, 0.2 to 64 cal./cm.2/sec. and 0.1 to 8.0 seconds, it was found that increasing the rate of energy delivery lowered the amount of energy required to produce a specified degree of tissue injury. The tissue changes were in many respects similar to those described for contact burns of the skin of rats and other animals. The findings suggest the action of such intensities of this spectrum of radiant energy is essentially of a thermal nature.
- Energy Spectrum of 320 Mev Deuterons From He3
- The previous calculation of the energy spectrum of the high energy deuteron beam from the stripping of He3 (UCRL-2150) was thought to be in error, especially as regards the low energy tail, on the basis of some experiments with the neutron time-of-flight detector, which indicated a considerably narrower spectrum than that calculated in UCRL-2150. Since the value used for the attenuation cross section of deuterons in uranium is considerably lower than that presently considered correct a new calculation was made using this latter cross section. Since the equations used in this new calculation differ somewhat from those used in the previous report a brief derivation is given here.
- Estimation of the Thermal Conductivity and the Viscosity of Gases at High Pressure
- Few data exist for the thermal conductivity and viscosity of gases at very high pressure. The possibility of using gases for heat transfer media at pressures up to 100 atmospheres and above raised the problem of estimating variations in the conductivity and viscosity at high pressure. Generalized plots are presented which are based on the work of Enskog, Eucken, and Hirschfelder et al. Some pertinent data from Hirschfelder et al and from Hilsenrath et al are presented.
- Examination made for Mr. Marc Jenkins of a property in the White Signal mining district, Grant County, New Mexico
- A report made of the examination of a prospect in the White Signal mining district of Grant County, New Mexico.
- Fabricating Liquid-Hydrogen Targets From Mylar
- The increasing popularity of liquid-hydrogen targets in physics research has emphasized the need for containers with maximum beam transparency (i.e., thin walls and low Z) and suitable strength at cryogenic temperatures. Fabrication of a Mylar container satisfying these requirements is described here.
- Fluorescent X-Ray Spectrography- A Recent Analytical Technique
- Because of the relative simplicity of the X-Ray spectra and recent improvements in instrumentation, analytical applications of X-Ray of spectrography are becoming very popular. The method us applicable to both qualitative and quantitative determinations of all elements heavier than sodium. Elements in multicomponent systems, such as alloys and minerals, and elements such as, W, Pt, Nb, Ta, Hf, Zr, and the rare earths, which are difficult to separate or determine by other methods, can usually be determined directly without special sample treatment. The method is rapid and precision is comparable to wet chemical analyses. It is applicable over the very wide concentration range from parts per 10,000 to 100 percent, and can be applied to the analysis of all kinds of samples- metals, drillings and thin films, powders, glasses, or liquids. The method is described and its advantages and limitations are discussed. Typical analyses are mentioned and sensitivity limits for determination of the various elements are illustrated as a guide to possible uses of X-ray spectrography.
- Freezing Point Data for UNH-H₂O-HNO₃ Systems
- The following report follows a series of experiments on the freezing points of 25 UN-H2O-HNO3 solutions.
- Further Critical Experiments on a Small Reactor of Enriched U-235 with Al-H₂O Moderator and Beryllium Reflector
- From introduction: "The purpose of the present report is to describe briefly certain improvements that have been made in the experimental facilities and to present the results of further measurements on critical masses and spatial neutron flax distributions in Be reflected reactors having square and thin slab geometries."
- A High Volume Casting Furnace for Plutonium
- A high-vacuum casting furnace with an internal diameter of 15 inches has been designed, fabricated, and installed at LASL. The furnace was designed to accommodate casting crucibles up to 7 inches OD; however with a larger diameter heating element, casting crucibles up to 9 inches could be accommodated. This report describes the basic features of the furnace and presents engineering drawings of both the furnace and the furnace box.
- HRT Temperature Measurement System - Issue No. 3
- The following temperature measurement tabulation consists of two parts. Part I lists all HRT thermocouples, their location, the junction box thru which the leads pass, and their termination, if on an instrument. Part II lists all temperature read out instruments and their location. A total of 577 thermocouples are listed in this tabulation. The roughly 77,000 ft of wire used in connecting them up cost $6,799. Temperatures are read on 24 instruments. Cost of these was approximately $15,688. Accessories such as patch panels, conduit, disconnects, etc., used in installing the thermocouples cost about $8,069. Total cost for material and instruments for temperature measure comes to approximately $30,556.
- Hydrogen Peroxide Analysis and Decomposition in Chromate Solutions
- Abstract: "A novel procedure employing ion exchange resins was developed to separate chromate ions from hydrogen peroxide, permitting, permitting the subsequent analysis of peroxide to determine its decomposition in sodium chromate solutions. At high pH's, peroxide was absorbed anionically on the ion exchange resins along with chromate. By selecting a resin which would be effective at nearly neutral conditions, chromate was satisfactorily separated from peroxide. It was found that the rate of peroxide decomposition in slightly alkaline sodium chromate solutions was dependent on temperature, pH, aeration, and chromate concentration. No significant effect on decomposition was caused by visible light."
- Injection Trajectories and Beam Matching for the Cambridge Electron Accelerator
- "ABS>Injection trajectories were calculated for different injection conditions for the Cambridge Electron Accelerator, considering also the effect of magnetic fringing fields. The general problem of matching the emittance of the linac to the acceptance of the synchrotron in the transversal phase space is considered, and it is shown that this can be done by a set of two quadrupole lenses. In order to eliminate rudial betatron oscillations due to energy deviations of the injected particles, a pulsed electric quadrupole lens in the synchrotron in combination with two deflectors between linac and synchrotron can be used to place particles of different energies on their specific equilibrium orbits. A layout of the whole injection system following the output of the linac is given."
- Instantaneous Velocity Profile Measurement by Photography
- The following is taken from ORNL-2257, Instantaneous Velocity Profile Measurement by Photography, by R. E. Lynch, L. D. Palmer, and G. M. Winn. This report is in in preparation status; and errors, inconsistances, and omissions in he language, as well as in the technical aspects, may exist. The technique of using phosphorescent particles to enable photographic determination of qualitative and quantitative instantaneous velocity profiles is covered by AEC Patent Application No. SN-710, 371 issued to F. E. Lynch, L. D. Palmer, H. F. Poppendiek, and G. M. Winn and entitled " A Method of and Means for Visualizing Fluid Flow Patterns.
- Investigation of Explosive Characteristics of Purex Solvent Decomposition Products (Red Oil)
- Abstract: "Laboratory production of an explosion between UNH and "red oil" under calcination conditions has been accomplished. Attempted production of a vapor phase explosion was unsuccessful below 150-160 C. Since such severe conditions are necessary to obtain an explosive reaction, it appears that present Purex plant design is adequate to avoid explosive conditions."
- The Isolation and Purification of Americium
- Gram amounts of americium were separated quantitatively from kilogram quantities of lanthanum to yield an americium product approaching 90% purity. The remaining impurity was chiefly yttrium. Elution of americium from 25% loaded Dowex 50 resin column with 0.15 M citric acid— 0.10 M diammonium citrate — 0.3 M ammonium nitrate, pH 3.3 gave a product containing 99% of the americium with a La/Am ratio of 1/100 or less in one fourth of a column volume, in this case about 1 100-fold volume reduction. Approximately 9 g of americium was purified by this method. Elution with 12.8 M hydrochloric acid from a 20 to 30% loaded column gave 90% of the americium in two column volumes of product with a La/Am ratio of about 1/4. About 1 g of americium was purified by this method.
- A Kinetic Study of the Fluoride Catalyzed Nitric Acid Dissolution of Thorium Metal
- The penetration rates of thorium metal by boiling nitric acid were measured as a function of the concentration of fluoride catalyst and of nitric acid. Dissolved thorium and aluminum were found to inhibit the reaction. Thoris exhibited penetration rates much lower than those of thorium metal. In addition to the specific rate measurements, pot type batch dissolvings were carried out to estimate plant time cycles. An empirical mathematical equation was devised which correlates the results of these batch dissolvings and facilitates application of the data to other types of dissolvers.