From Introduction: "The present report gives results at a Mach number of 4.04 of the part of the program concerned with flap controls at Mach numbers from 1.62 to 6.9."
Report presenting a flight investigation over a range of Mach numbers to determine the aerodynamic characteristics at low lift of a rocket model of an airplane with a 52.5 degree delta wing of aspect ratio 3.08 and NACA 65A003 airfoil sections in the streamwise direction and a low, swept horizontal tail. Results regarding the longitudinal trim, lift, drag, longitudinal static stability, damping in pitch, and directional static stability are provided.
From Introduction: "The present investigation presents the lift and moment characteristics of an aspect-ratio-4.0 tail, sweptback 45^o at the quarter-chord line and pivoted about an axis sweptback 55.5^o and passing through the leading edge of the root-chord line."
Report discussing testing on a model of the General Electric P-1 nuclear powerplant to determine its internal aerodynamic characteristics. The main purposes of testing were to measure the mass-flow distribution of air, to measure the total-pressure losses for the duct components and complete model, and to determine modifications necessary to attain the desired performance characteristics.
Report presenting the longitudinal and lateral characteristics of a wing-fuselage combination with a wing with the leading edge swept back 63 degrees and cambered and twisted for a uniform load at lift coefficient 0.25 and Mach number 1.5. The investigation occurred over a range of sideslip angles. The results indicated that the longitudinal characteristics were essentially unaffected by Reynolds number or the sideslip angles investigated.
"Data obtained in tests of a 10-foot diameter, three-blade propeller, having NACA 10-(3)(08)-03 blades, conducted in the Langley 16-foot high-speed tunnel are presented. The propeller performance quantities related by the tests are thrust, torque, efficiency, and advance ratio for various rotational speeds or stream Mach numbers with blade angle as a parameter. Advance Mach numbers varied from 0.12 to 0.64" (p. 1).
From Introduction: "The airplane designer often finds it necessary, in meeting the requirements of visibility, to remove area or to otherwise locally distort the plan or section of an airplane wing. This report, prepared for the Bureau of Aeronautics January 15, 1925, contains the experimental results of tests on six 5 by 30 inch N-20 wing models, cut out or distorted in different ways, which were conducted in the 8 by 8 foot wind tunnel of the Navy Aerodynamical Laboratory in Washington in 1924. The measured and derived results are given without correction for vl/v for wall effect and for standard air density, p=0.00237 slug per cubic foot."
From Introduction: "As a part of the comprehensive investigation of the XJ34-WE-32 engine conducted in the NACA Lewis altitude wind tunnel, the over-all-performance was determined over a range of altitudes and flight Mach numbers. Other phases of the investigation are reported in reference 1. The results are given in tables and also in graphical form to show the trends of engine performance associated with changes of altitude, flight Mach number, and exhaust-nozzle area."
From Introduction: "An investigation was conducted in an NACA Lewis altitude chamber to determine the altitude performance characteristics of a J47-25 axial-flow turbojet engine over a range of engine-inlet Reynolds number indices corresponding to altitudes from 18,000 to 54,000 feet and flight Mach numbers from 0.50 to 1.10. Reynolds number at a given corrected engine speed and is a function only of engine-inlet total pressure and temperature, was used instead of various set altitudes and flight Mach number combinations (reference 1). An example is included in the appendix to illustrate the method of obtaining conventional performance parameters for a given flight condition from the data such as presented herein."
From Introduction: "The performance of several tail-pipe burners with fixed area exhaust nozzles is reported in references 1 to 4, and the performance of an NACA-designed tail-pipe burner with a variable-area exhaust nozzle is reported in reference 5. Operational characteristics of the tail-pipe burner are also discussed."
Report presenting data obtained three single annular-type combustors with different combustor inlet-air pressure profiles over a range of engine speeds. Results regarding effect of changing combustor inlet-air pressure profile and hole geometry on combustor performance, performance of the prototype J40-WE-8 turbojet engine combustor, correlation of combustion efficiency with engine fuel-air ratio and combustion parameter, and comparison of several combustors from different turbojet engines are provided.
From Summary: "The theoretical performance of a two-stage ballistic rocket missile having a centerbody and two parallel boosters was investigated for J oxygen and ammonia-fluorine propellants. Both power-plant and missile parameters were optimized to give minimum cost on-the basis of the analysis for a range of 5500 nautical miles. After optimum values were found, each parameter was varied independently to determine its effect on performance of the missile."
From Introduction: "The aerodynamic heating problem assumes considerable importance at high-supersonic speeds. Sanger and Bredt (reference 1) have calculated the high-speed aerodynamic forces and equilibrium surface temperature at extremely high altitudes where the molecular mean free path is large (free-molecule-flow region) compared with a characteristic body dimension. The theoretical investigation of Lees (reference 2) on the stability of the laminar boundary layer in compressible flow indicates that the laminar boundary layer is completely stable at all Reynolds numbers at supersonic speeds for a sufficiently low ratio of surface temperature to stream temperature."
From Introduction: "An analytical method for estimating turbine performance from the blade angle8 and flow areas was therefore developed at the NACA Lewis laboratory and is described herein."
From Introduction: "An analytical method for estimating turbine performance from angles and flow areas was therefore developed at the NACA Lewis laboratory in 1947 and is described herein."
From Introduction: "This paper will treat the problem in the suggested manner, beginning with the development of a suitable boundary condition to represent mathematically a homogeneous boundary which has the same flow characteristics, at a point in the flow sufficiently removed from the boundary as the actual physical boundary of alternate open and closed portions of the wall. Numerical results will be presented for circular tunnels with uniformly distributed around the circumference, for rectangular tunnels with uniformly distributed around the circumference, for rectangular tunnels with uniformly distributed slots in the top and bottom walls, for rectangular tunnels with the slot distribution determined by a transformation from a uniformly slotted circular tunnel, and for a two-dimensional tunnel. The results of this paper are derived on the basis of an incompressible potential flow."
"A rapid design method based on stream-filament techniques was developed to obtain the boundaries of an annular combustor-inlet diffusr from a given stagnation streamline, given boundaries of the combustor liner, and given inlet and terminal velocities" (p. 1).
"A system for calculating the physical properties of supersonic rotational flow with axial symmetry and supersonic rotational flow in a two-dimensional field was determined by use of the characteristics method. The system was applied to the study of external and internal flow for supersonic inlets with axial symmetry. For a circular conical inlet the shock that occurred at the lip of the inlet became stronger as it approached the axis of the inlet and became a normal shock at the axis" (p. 111).
An analysis has been made of available experimental data to show the effects of most variables that are predominant in determining base pressure at supersonic speeds. Two dimensional bases and bases of bodies of revolution, restricted to turbulent boundary layers, are covered.
Report presenting buffet boundaries, buffeting-load increments for the stabilizers and elevators, and buffeting bending-moment increments for the stabilizers and wings for a jet-powered bomber airplane equipped with reflexed flaps and ailerons and tail-tip-incidence changes.
Attempts were made to alleviate the buffeting of external fuel tanks mounted under the wings of a twin-engine Navy fighter airplane. The Mach number at which buffeting began was increased from 0,529 to 0.640 by streamlining the sway braces and by increasing the lateral rigidity of the sway brace system. Further increase of the Mach number, at which buffeting began to 0.725, was obtained by moving the external fuel tank to a position under the fuselage.
Report presents the results of an investigation made to determine the influence of various factors on the take-off performance of a hypothetical large flying boat by means of take-off calculations. The factors varied in the calculations were size of hull (load coefficient), wing setting, trim, deflection of flap, wing loading, aspect ratio, and parasite drag. The take-off times and distances were calculated to the stalling speeds and the performance above these speeds was separately studied to determine piloting technique for optimum take-off.
Memorandum presenting a theory for evaluating the mutual interference between a wing and tip tank as extended to apply to store-pylon configurations. By using the theory and the flow-field formulas of a previous report, theoretical store-pylon side-force estimates have been made for a number of store-pylon configurations. Results regarding the theory for store-pylon side force, scope of test configurations, contribution of store and pylon to combined load, effect of store spanwise location on the store-pylon side-force coefficient, effect of pylon sweep and store chordwise location, effect of sideslip on the store-pylon side-force coefficient, effect of fins on store side-force coefficient, and interference effects between inboard and outboard stores are provided.
Calibrations of the Friez Aerovane, Wind Measuring Set AN/GMQ-11, manufactured by the Friez Instrument Division of the Bendix Aviation Corporation, were made in the Langley 300 MPH 7- by 10-foot tunnel at the request of the Signal Corps, U, S. Army. Two propellers snd two generators were tested through a speed range of 15 to 190 knots, The results indicated that at airspeeds greater than 80 knots the instrument indicated airspeeds higher than the tunnel airspeed..
Report presenting an investigation in the high-speed tunnel to determine the effects on the chordwise pressure and section force and moment coefficients near midspan of deflecting a flap-type control with an attached tab on a swept wing. The semispan 35 degree sweptback wing had an NACA 65A006 airfoil section, an aspect ratio of 4, and a taper ratio of 0.6.
Report presenting flight testing with two jet-propelled airplanes in rough air to investigate effects of sweep on gust loads and gust selectivity. Data was taken with an unswept-wing airplane and a 35 degree swept-wing airplane for incremental accelerations corresponding to airspeeds of 300 and 450 miles per hour. The results indicated that the swept-wing airplane experienced lower loads in turbulent air than the unswept-wing airplane.
Among the fuels which will operate at compression ratios up to at least 8.0 without preignition or "pinking" is hecter fuel, whence a careful determination of its performance is of importance. For the test data presented in this report the hecter fuel used was a mixture of 30 per cent benzol and 70 per cent cyclohexane, having a low freezing point, and distilling from first drop to 90 per cent at nearly a constant temperature, about 20 degrees c. below the average distillation temperature ("mean volatility") of the x gasoline (export grade). The results of these experiments show that the power developed by hecter fuel is the same as that developed by export aviation gasoline at about 1,800 r.p.m. at all altitudes. At lower speeds differences in the power developed by the fuels become evident. Comparisons at ground level were omitted to avoid any possibility of damaging the engine by operating with open throttle on gasoline at so high a compression. The fuel consumption per unit power based on weight, not volume, averaged more than 10 per cent greater with hecter than with x gasoline. The thermal efficiency of the engine when using hecter is less than when using gasoline, particularly at higher speeds. A generalization of the difference for all altitudes and speeds being 8 per cent. A general deduction from these facts is that more hecter is exhausted unburnt. Hecter can withstand high compression pressures and temperature without preignition. (author).
Report presenting experimental force and moment data obtained by pressure measurements on a wing of aspect ratio 8.02, 45 degree sweepback of the quarter-chord line, taper ratio of 0.45, and NACA 63(sub 1)A012 airfoil sections, which are compared with the calculated loadings obtained by standard methods and several variations of the methods. Results regarding the system of identifying solutions, spanwise load distribution, lift-curve slope, center of pressure, wing pitching moment, and induced drag are provided.
Report presenting an investigation in the altitude test chamber to evaluate the performance of an axial-flow turbojet engine over a range of engine-inlet Reynolds number indices. Secondary effects of exhaust-nozzle flow coefficient, air-flow leakage, and inlet temperature should be considered before analyzing the effect of variations in engine-inlet Reynolds number index. Several minor design modifications proposed by the manufacturer did not produce any measurable improvement in engine performance.
Memorandum presenting an investigation of a horn-balanced, flap-type control mounted on a 55 degree sweptback, triangular wing of aspect ratio 3.5 conducted in the 9- by 12-inch supersonic blowdown tunnel. The control exhibited nonlinear variations of hinge moment with both angle of attack and deflection at all Mach numbers. Results regarding control characteristics of basic configuration, effects of control trailing-edge bluntness on control characteristics, and wing characteristics are provided.
"A General Electric fuel and torque regulator was tested in conjunction with a T31-3 turbine-propeller engine in the sea-level static test stand at the NACA Lewis laboratory. The engine and control were operated over the entire speed range: 11,000 rpm, nominal flight idle, to 13,000 rpm, full power. Steady-state and transient data were recorded and are presented with a description of the four control loops being used in the system" (p. 1).
Report presenting a free-flight investigation of two rocket-powered model configurations to determine the damping in roll. The model had rectangular wings of 4.5 aspect ratio and were the same except for the airfoil sections. Results regarding rolling velocity and total-drag coefficient are provided.
"The flight investigation of the C-54D airplane was initiated to determine the necessity of changes or additions to existing handling-qualities requirements to cove the case of instrument approaches with large airplanes. This paper gives a brief synopsis of the results and presents the measured data of tests to determine the stability and control characteristics. It was found that no new requirements were necessary to cover the problems of instrument approaches" (p. 1).
Memorandum presenting the design of a piloted combustor intended for a ramjet engine of long flight range. The unit comprises a large annular basket of V-type cross section, the inner surface of which is slotted and bent into small V-gutters.
The report describes the design of a piloted combustor intended for a ram-jet engine of long flight range. The unit comprises a large annular basket of V-type cross-section, the inner surface of which is slotted and bent into small V-gutters. At the trailing edge of the basket, eight V-gutters are used to propagate the flame into the main stream. A rectangular analog of this combustor was tested at air-flow conditions corresponding to those that might be obtained during cruise.
"The results of an experimental investigation made for the purpose of developing suitable jet-engine nacelle designs for a high-speed medium bomber are presented. Two types of nacelles were investigated, the first enclosing two 4000-pounds-thrust jet engines and a 65-inch-diameter landing wheel and the second enclosing a single 4000-pounds-thrust jet engine. Both types of nacelles were tested in positions underslung beneath the wing and centrally located on the wing" (p. 1).
Report discussing the division of load among the wing, fuselage, and tail for several aircraft configurations at subsonic and supersonic speeds. The load that each component carries at various Mach numbers and angles of attack is described.
Report presenting drag and longitudinal trim characteristics at low lift of a low-tail version of the North American YF-100A airplane as obtained from the flight test of a 0.11-scale rocket model at a range of Mach numbers. Longitudinal stability data and some qualitative damping-in-pitch data are also provided.
"Tests on equivalent bodies of revolution of six configurations of the Consolidated Vultee Aircraft Corporation proposed supersonic bomber (Convair MX-1964) have indicated that it is possible to reduce the drag of the configuration by designing it to have a favorable area distribution. The method of NACA RM L53I22c to predict the peak pressure drag of a configuration on the basis of its area distribution gave generally good agreement with the subject models" (p. 1).
"The minimization of inviscid fluid drag is studied for aerodynamic shapes satisfying the conditions of linearized theory, and subject to imposed constraints on lift, pitching moment, base area, or volume. The problem is transformed to one of determining two-dimensional potential flows satisfying either Laplace's or Poisson's equations with boundary values fixed by the imposed conditions. A general method for determining integral relations between perturbation velocity components is developed. This analysis is not restricted in application to optimum cases; it may be used for any supersonic wing problem" (p. 1213).
Report presents the results of an investigation of the propulsive efficiency of three adjustable propellers of 10-foot diameter operated in front of four body nose shapes, varying from streamline nose that continued through the propeller plane in the form of a large spinner to a conventional open-nose radial-engine cowling. One propeller had airfoil sections close to the hub, the second had conventional round blade shanks, and the third differed from the second only in pitch distribution. The blade-angle settings ranged from 20 degrees to 55 degrees at the 0.75 radius.
Report presenting measurements in free fall at transonic speeds of the dynamic stability characteristics of three models. Two of the models had 45 degree swept wings of aspect ratio 6 and 45 degree swept tail surfaces and differed only in that one had plane wings and one was cambered and twisted. The third had the same fuselage-tail arrangement but no wing.
Report presenting testing of two NACA two-blade propellers at a range of blade angles and Mach numbers. The effect of compressibility and design section camber are presented for each propeller. The results indicated that if the outboard sections of a propeller are the thinnest, the design of the propellers should incorporate loading distribution that is concentrated in the tip sections.
Report presenting experiments conducted on conical convergent-divergent nozzles having included a range of divergence angles and expansion ratios over a wide range of nozzle pressure ratios with cold flow to determine the effect of divergence angle on the internal performance of the nozzles. Results regarding the performance characteristics, effect of divergence angle on overexpanded performance, and effect of divergence angle on nozzle air-flow characteristics are provided.
Report presenting a connected-pipe investigation to evaluate a can-type combustor configuration and to develop the configuration to give a wide operable fuel-air ratio range of high combustion efficiency. Results regarding the wind-tunnel tests and connected-pipe tests are provided.
An experimental investigation of the effect of angle of attack and inlet corrected air flow on diffuser-discharge total-pressure profiles of inlets located in various circumferential positions on a fuselage was conducted at supersonic speeds. Results indicated that the diffuser total-pressure profiles for a bottom inlet were least affected by angle of attack on distortion level was obtained with a side inlet. Variation in distortion for top inlets with angle of attack was confined to the supercritical range of inlet operation.
The object of this investigation was to determine the effect of increasing the carburetor pressures from 30 to 40 inches of mercury, at compression ratios from 3.5 to 7.5, on the power, on the maximum cylinder pressures, on the fuel consumption, and on the other performance characteristics of an engine. A roots-type aircraft-engine supercharger was used to maintain the desired carburetor pressure.
Report presenting an investigation of the effect of inlet-air temperature on the combustion efficiency of a 16-inch ram-jet engine in a connected-pipe installation. The engine was operated over a range of fuel-air ratios with several different combustor configurations and two fuel types. Configurations tested included a sloping baffle and a can-type combustor in three configurations.
Report presenting an experimental investigation to determine the effect of rotor leading-edge sweepback on the aerodynamic performance of a transonic turbine. Using an unmodified stator with the modified rotor resulted in large incidence angles at the rotor mean and tip sections.
Numerous experiments were conducted to determine factors which affect the internal performance of convergent-plug exhaust nozzles. The results of these experiments, which include effects of such things as plug shape, nozzle inlet Mach number, and outer-shell characteristics, provide a basis for optimum desifn from the standpoint of weight and size. The results also show performance penalties which can result when the nozzle is too small.
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