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- Analog-Model Simulations for Secondary Canal Controls and Forward Pumping Water-Management Schemes in Southeast Florida
- From purpose and scope: The purpose of this investigation is to evaluate, through electrical analog model simulation, the effects of two specific water-management proposals in Dade County. Proposal one is the installation of a secondary control on Snake Creek Canal and proposal two is the forward pumping scheme.
- An Analysis of Salinity in Streams of the Green River Basin
- Abstract: Dissolved-solids concentrations and loads can be estimated from streamflow records using a regression model derived from chemical analyses of monthly samples. The model takes seasonal effects into account by the inclusion of simple-harmonic time functions. Monthly mean dissolved-solids loads simulated for a 6-year period at U.S. Geological Survey water-quality stations in the Green River Basin of Wyoming agree closely with corresponding loads estimated from daily specific-conductance records. In a demonstration of uses of the model, an average gain of 114,000 tons of dissolved solids per year was estimated for 6-year period in a 70-mile reach of the Green River from Fontemelle Reservoir to the town of Green River, including the lower 30-mile reach of the Big Sandy River.
- Analysis of Selected Benthic Communities in the Florida Everglades with Reference to Their Physical and Chemical Environment
- From purpose and scope: The purpose of this investigation is to document the types of aquatic benthic organisms found within the Everglades and to determine the extent to which the chemical and physical character of surface water and bottom materials affect their distribution and community structure.
- An Analysis of Stream Temperatures, Green River Basin, Wyoming
- From abstract: This report presents a method for estimating temperatures of streams in the Green Water Basin, Wyoming.
- Analysis of Waste-Load Assimilative Capacity of the Yampa River, Steamboat Springs to Hayden, Routt County, Colorado
- From purpose and scope: The primary purpose of the study was to aid in evaluating the waste-load assimilative capacity of the study reach for a minimum mean 7-day low flow and 10-year recurrence interval. The results of this analysis will provide planners and managers in Routt County with information for determining the waste-load capacities of the study reach for possible design and operational alternatives of future wastewater-treatment plants.
- Application of the U.S. Geological Survey Rainfall-Runoff Simulation Model to Improve Flood-Frequency Estimates on Small Tennessee Streams
- This report uses a rainfall-runoff simulation model to improve flood-frequency estimates in Tennessee. It includes illustrations, hydrographs, and other maps.
- Application of Thermal Imagery and Aerial Photography to Hydrologic Studies of Karst Terrane in Missouri
- From abstract: Planning waste-disposal facilities and impoundments is complicated by karst carbonate terrane in the Ozarks. Thermal imagery (8-13 micrometer wavelength) and color infrared photography aid in identifying losing streams, sinkholes and hydrologic conditions encouraging collapse. Imagery and photography were acquired in Greene and Reynold Counties, Mo., in March 1972 and June 1973. Differences in thermal levels correlating with losing and gaining reaches of Logan Creek valley, Reynolds County, were not visually apparent in predawn March imagery but statistical analysis of predawn magnetic-tape data indicated greater variance in emitted energy from the losing reach than from the gaining reach.
- Application of Transient-Flow Model to the Sacramento River at Sacramento, California
- This report applies the transient-flow simulation model to the Sacramento River in California; "the model has demonstrated that it can provide reliable daily mean as well as instantaneous discharge data," among other things. It includes a map, graphs, and tables.
- Appraisal of Uncontrolled Flowing Artesian Wells in Florida
- This report presents an appraisal of the millions of gallons of water lost to uncontrolled flowing wells in Florida. It includes maps and tables.
- Appraisal of Water Resources in the Hackensack River Basin, New Jersey
- From introduction: The purpose of the study was to assemble data on the occurrence, movement, availability and chemical quality of ground water in the Hackensack River basin in Bergen and Hudson Counties, New Jersey; to evaluate and interpret the data; and to make the results available to the public.
- Artificial-Recharge Experiments and Operations on the Southern High Plains of Texas and New Mexico
- Abstract: Experiments using highly turbid water from playa lakes for injection into the Ogallala Formation have resulted in greatly decreased yield of the recharge wells. Recharge of ground or surface water of good quality has indicated, however, that injection through wells in an effective method of recharging the aquifer. Water that is slightly turbid can be successfully injected for a period of time, but generally results in constantly declining yields and capacity for recharge. Redevelopment through pumping and surging significantly prolongs the life of recharge wells under some conditions. Surface spreading is little practiced on the High Plains, but locally may be a feasible means of artificial recharge.
- Artificial-Recharge Tests in Upper Black Squirrel Creek Basin, Jimmy Camp Valley, and Fountain Valley, El Paso County, Colorado
- Abstract: Nine artificial-recharge pits were excavated in the alluvium in upper Black Squirrel Creek basin, Jimmy Campy Valley, and in the alluvium overlying the Widefield aquifer in Fountain Valley. Each artificial-recharge site was instrumented to measure inflow, stage fluctuations, and water-table fluctuations. Artificial-recharge tests conducted in upper Black Squirrel Creek basin indicated that the average adjusted rates of infiltration for the three sites ranged from 1.6 to 2.4 feet (0.5 to 0.7 meter) per day. Tests conducted in Jimmy Camp Valley indicated that the average adjusted rates of infiltration for the two sites ranged from 3.8 to 24.7 feet (1.2 to 7.5 meters) per day. Tests conducted on the Widefield aquifer indicated that the average adjusted rates of infiltration for four sites ranged from 2.3 to 12.9 feet (0.7 to 3.9 meters) per day.
- Availability and Chemical Characteristics of Ground Water in Central La Plata County, Colorado
- From introduction: This report presents the results of an investigation of the ground-water resources of the central part of La Plata County, Colorado. The purpose of the investigation is to describe the geologic units and the availability and quality of ground water in the central part of the county.
- Availability and Chemical Quality of Ground Water in the Crystal River and Cattle Creek Drainage Basins near Glenwood Springs, West-Central Colorado
- From introduction: This report presents the results of an investigation of the ground-water resources of the Crystal River and Cattle Creek drainage basins...The purpose of the investigation was to describe the geologic units, the aquifers and their characteristics, and the availability and chemical quality of ground water in the study area.
- Availability and Quality of Ground Water in the Drain - Yoncalla Area, Douglas County, Oregon
- From introduction: The purpose of this report is to present information that may enable water users, potential water users, and planners to estimate likelihood of obtaining ground water in adequate quantity and of suitable quality at desired locations within the study area.
- Availability and Quality of Ground Water in the Lake George Area, Southeastern Park County, Colorado
- This report analyses the water quality of Lake George in Colorado and the four aquifers that feed into it. It includes maps and tables.
- Availability of Ground Water in the Blackstone River Area : Rhode Island and Massachusetts
- This report is based on analysis of drillers' records of more than 700 wells and borings.
- Availability of Ground Water in the Branch River Basin, Providence County, Rhode Island
- From introduction: This report deals with ground-water resources of the part of the Branch River basin in northwestern Rhode Island upstream from the U.S. Geological Survey gaging station at Forestdale, Rhode lsland, an area of 79 square miles or 205 square kilometers (figure 1). It is one of a series prepared in cooperation with the Rhode Island Water Resources Board to provide quantitative information on the availability of large supplies of ground water in Rhode Island.
- Availability of Ground Water near Carmel, Hamilton County, Indiana
- Abstract: Flow in the unconsolidated glacial deposits near the city of Carmel in central Indiana was simulated by a digital-computer model in a study of hydraulic characteristics of the deposits. The study shows that 21 • 3 million gallons per day (933 liters per second) of additional water could be withdrawn from the aquifer for an indefinite period of time. This pumpage is approximately 5 million gallons per day (219 liters per second) above the projected water needs of Carmel for 1990. Saturated thickness, transmissivity, and storage coefficient of the outwash aquifer along the White River east of Carmel were determined, using available data supplemented by test drilling . The saturated thickness of the aquifer ranges from 10 to 110 feet 0 to 34 meters ); transmissivity ranges from 1,000 feet squared per day (93 meters squared per day) to 24 ,000 feet squared per day (2 ,230 meters squared per day); and the average storage coefficient is 0.11.
- Availability of Water from Limestone and Dolomite Aquifers in Southwest Ohio and the Relation of Water Quality to the Regional Flow System
- Abstracts: The largest ground-water supplies from the 150 to 450-foot thick carbonate-rock aquifer in southwest Ohio are available in a 2,800 square-mile area on the crest and eastern flank of the Cincinnati arch. Well production in the high-yield area is mainly from the Newburg zone, a permeable stratum in the lower part of the Bass Island group. A structure contour map on the top of the Lockport Dolomite shows that the Newburg zone conforms to the configuration of the Cincinnati arch. The chemical quality of the water in the consolidated-rock aquifers is intimately related to the regional flow system, and undergoes a progressive change from a calcium bicarbonate-type in recharge areas to a calcium sulfate-type in areas of natural discharge.
- Backflushing Filters for Field Processing of Water Samples Prior to Trace-Element Analysis
- This report includes several photographs and illustrations, as well as text, to describe a portable unit for filtering water samples. It "is preliminary and has not been edited or reviewed for conformity with Geological Survey standards and nomenclature."
- Bacterial Water-Quality of Tulpehocken Creek Basin, Berks and Lebanon Counties, Pennsylvania
- This report presents the findings of a four month study designed to determine "the bacterial quality of the water in the Tulpehocken Creek basin." It includes maps and tables.
- Basement Flooding and Foundation Damage from Water-Table Rise in the East New York Section of Brooklyn, Long Island, New York
- From purpose and scope: The purpose and scope of this report is to present the factors that have caused the water-table rise in the East New York section of Brooklyn. The rising water table in Kings County is not sudden or new; it has a history of more than two decades. It will refocus attention on the problem of changing ground-water levels in areas where intensive ground-water pumping has ceased or is occurring.
- Bibliography of Geology and Hydrology, Eastern New Mexico
- Abstract: The High Plains of the eastern New Mexico region are recognized as an abundant and varied source of natural resources. This bibliography of over 1,900 references concerned with geology, hydrology, chemistry, and geography has been compiled to assist physical science researchers in their study of this region.
- The Biology of Salt Wells Creek and its Tributaries, Southwestern Wyoming
- From abstract: "A description of aquatic organisms and biological communities is presented fro Salt Wells Creek, a plains stream in the Green River basin. The description includes seasonal population fluctuations of benthic organisms and algae, the food pyramid, and nutrient relations between various types of plants and animals. The algae and stream invertebrates were studied to determine baseline data and biological indicators of water quality." It includes maps, photographs, diagrams, and a glossary.
- The Biology of Salt Wells Creek and Its Tributaries, Southwestern Wyoming
- From abstract: "A description of aquatic organisms and biological communities is presented for Salt Wells Creek, a plains stream in the Green River Basin. The description includes seasonal population fluctuations of benthic organisms and algae, the food pyramid, and nutrient relations between various types of plants and animals. The Algae and stream invertebrates were studied to determine baseline data and biological indicators of water quality.
- Biscayne Aquifer, Southeast Florida
- This report provides survey information for the Biscayne Aquifer in Florida. Includes maps and tables.
- Buried Aquifers in the Brooten-Belgrade and Lake Emily Areas, West-Central Minnesota -- Factors Related to Developing Water for Irrigation
- Purpose and scope: The purpose of this report is to determine, as far as possible, the occurrence of buried aquifers and to describe their hydrologic characteristics and water-yielding capability. The evaluation is based mainly on 44 test holes drilled specifically for this investigation. These test holes are too widely spaced to correlate individual aquifers. Such correlation must await more detailed closely spaced test drilling. Forty-two test holes were drilled in the Brooten-Belgrade area; hence the mapping is restricted to this part. Two test holes were drilled in the Lake Emily area, allowing only one geologic section to be presented. PIan-view mapping would require considerable additional test drilling.
- Chemical and Biological Quality of Selected Lakes in Ohio--1976 and 1977
- From abstract: "Twenty-eight Ohio lakes (fourteen per year) were sampled by the U.S. Geological Survey and Ohio Environmental Protection Agency for water-quality characteristics during the spring and summer of 1976 and 1977." It contains maps, graphs, and tables.
- Chemical, Physical, and Radiological Quality of Selected Public Water Supplies in Florida, November 1977-February 1978
- Abstract: Virtually all treated public water supplies sampled in Florida meet the National Inter-Primary and Proposed Secondary Drinking Water Regulations. These findings are based on a water-quality reconnaissance of 129 treated public supplies throughout the State during the period November 1977 through February 1978. While primary drinking water regulation exceedences were infrequent , lead, selenium, and gross alpha radioactivity in a very few water supplies were above established maximum contaminant levels. Additionally , the secondary drinking water regulation parameters--dissolved solids, chloride, sulfate, iron, color, and pH--were occasionally detected in excess of the proposed Federal regulations. The secondary regulations, however, pertain mainly to the aesthetic quality of drinking water and not directly to public health aspects.
- Coastal Flood of February 7, 1978 in Maine, Massachusetts, and New Hampshire
- From abstract: On February 6-8, 1978, New England was battered by one of the most severe winter storms of record. The storm produced record snowfall in many areas of Rhode Island and Massachusetts...This report contains data which document the flooding along parts of the New England coast. Elevations of 203 floodmarks in Massachusetts, 104 in Maine, and 46 in New Hampshire are given. Also included are some historical coastal flood data and a list of other storm-related studies.
- Comparison of the Radioactive and Modified Techniques for Measurement of Stream Reaeration Coefficients
- This report compares the techniques used to measure re-aeration coefficients for Black Earth Creek and the Madison Effluent Channel near Madison, Wisconsin using radioactive and modified tracers. It contains maps, graphs, and photographs.
- Computer Modeling of Ground-Water Availability in the Pootatuck River Valley, Newtown, Connecticut
- From abstract: A hydrologic analysis based on available data, test drilling, seismic refraction profiling, and the stream-aquifer connection was performed using a digital computer model. The report presents its findings on the quality and availability of the ground and surface water of the Pootatuck River Valley in Connecticut.
- Computer Simulation Model of the Pleistocene Valley-Fill Aquifer in Southwestern Essex and Southeastern Morris Counties, New Jersey
- From purpose and scope: The purpose of the present study by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the Division of Water Resources of the New Jersey of Environmental Protection is to make a quantitative hydrologic analysis of the known buried valley-fill aquifer in southwestern Essex and southeastern Morris County Counties in order to provide water-resources planners with the hydrologic bases to plan ground-water development and to allocate available water.
- Configuration of the Top of the Floridan Aquifer Southwest Florida Water Management District and Adjacent Areas
- This map depicts the approximate top of the rock that composes the Floridan aquifer. The contours represent the elevation of the top of the Floridan aquifer to mean sea level.
- Contamination Potential in the Silurian Dolomite Aquifer, Eastern Wisconsin
- From introduction: "The permeability map presents information on an important factor in determining contamination potential [. . .] This map divides the unconsolidated materials into three permeability categories."
- Deprivation of Equations Describing Solute Transport in Ground Water
- Abstract: A general equation describing the three-dimensional transport and dispersion of a reacting solute in flowing ground water is derived from the principle of conservation of mass. The derivation presented in this report is more detailed but less rigorous than derivations published previously. The general solute-transport equation relates concentration changes to hydrodynamic dispersion, convective transport, fluid sources and sinks, and chemical reactions. Because both dispersion and convective transport depend on the velocity of ground-water flow, the solute-transport equation must be solved in conjunction with the ground-water flow equation.
- Dewatering of the Clayton Formation During Construction of the Walter F. George Lock and Dam, Fort Gaines, Clay County, Georgia
- From purpose of the report: The purpose of this report is to present the available information regarding the relation between the rate of ground-water withdrawal and the rate of decline or artesian pressure in a 40-foot "shell" limestone aquifer that was dewatered during construction of Walter F. George Lock and Dam...The report indicates a potential source of a large supply of ground water available for industrial and other uses in an area readily accessible by barge transportation from the Gulf of Mexico to Columbus, Ga.
- Digital Model for Simulated Effects of Ground-Water Pumping in the Hueco Bolson, El Paso Area, Texas, New Mexico, and Mexico
- From abstract: The Hueco Bolson provides a substantial part of the municipal and industrial water supply of the El Paso area of Texas, New Mexico and Mexico. Although the supply of fresh ground water in the bolson is large, about 10.6 million acre-feet (13,070 hm^3) in 1973 in the Texas part of the bolson alone, the supply is being depleted.
- Digital Model of Ground-Water Flow in the Piceance Basin, Rio Blanco and Garfield Counties, Colorado
- This report presents a "digital model used to simulate ground-water flow in the aquifer system in a basin drained by Piceance and Yellow Creeks, Colorado." It includes maps, diagrams, and tables.
- A Digital Model of the Floridian Aquifer, North of Tampa, Florida
- From purpose and scope: The purpose of this report is to describe the development and calibration of a regional digital model of the Floridian aquifer in the Tampa Bay area. This model can be used to provide regional analyses of the effects of present and proposed pumping from the Floridian aquifer.
- Digital Model Simulation of the Glacial-Outwash Aquifer at Dayton, Ohio
- From introduction: The specific purpose of the digital model study was to develop a better understanding of the aquifer system and to show how it responds to various pumping stresses. The scope of the study was to develop a single-transmissive-layer model that could be used to evaluate the effects proposed ground-water development schemes would have on water levels.
- Digital-Model Simulation of the Glacial-Outwash Aquifer, Otter Creek-Dry Creek Basin, Courtland County, New York
- This report uses a digital model to predict the projected increase in ground-water use caused by a population influx for September 1976 in Cortland, New York. It contains maps, tables, and other figures.
- Digital Model to Predict Effects of Pumping from the Arikaree Aquifer in the Dwyer Area, Southeastern Wyoming
- Abstract: ^ digital computer model was used to model an unconfined sandstone aquifer (Arikaree aquifer) in about 340 square miles (880 square kilometers) in southeastern Wyoming. The model was calibrated by comparing observed and calculated changes in the potentiometric surface and leakage from the aquifer along streams during water year 1974. The comparison was fairly good for changes in the potentiometric surface and was good for leakage. The calibrated model was used to predict changes in the potentiometric surface and leakage through water year 1979, assuming no new ground-water development after 1974 and normal recharge to the aquifer. Water-level declines of as much as 14 feet (4.3 meters) were predicted, but much of the area would be relatively unaffected. The total predicted decrease in leakage between water years 1974 and 1979 was about 500 acre-feet (0.6 cubic hectometer) per year; the greatest decrease was predicted along streams closest to areas of pumpage.
- Digital Models of a Glacial Outwash Aquifer in the Pearl-Sallie Lakes Area, West-Central Minnesota
- From purpose and scope: The purpose of this investigation is to 1) study the hydrologic system in a glaciated terrain typified by numerous lakes, with particular focus on the effects of lake-ground-water interchange, 2) simulate the natural system by using two digital modeling methods--areal (map view) and vertical section, and 3) evaluate the utility of the models and determine the kinds and amount of basic data needed to obtain reasonable simulations.
- Distribution and Movement of Zinc and Other Heavy Metals in South San Francisco Bay, California
- From introduction: The primary objective of this study was to determine the net transport of zinc into the study area from urbanized perimeter, out of the study area across the northern boundary of the study area, and across the sediment-water interface within the study area, all within a limited time period. A secondary objective was to assemble as much data on other trace metals--their concentrations and chemical states in water, suspended solids, sediments and interstitial fluids--as possible within the time and funding constraints of the study in order to describe the existing trace metal conditions in the south bay. Thus the bulk of effort was directed toward evaluating the distribution and movements of zinc, but the data collected on the distribution and movements of zinc, but the data collected on the distribution of other metals is important and is reported here.
- Distribution and Trend of Nitrate, Chloride, and Total Solids in Water in the Magothy Aquifer in Southeast Nassau County, New York, from the 1950's Through 1973
- Abstract: Concentrations of nitrate, chloride, and total sol ids in water in the Magothy aquifer, southeast Nassau County, N.Y., show a steadily increasing trend from the early 1950's to 1973. Vertical distribution of nitrate, chloride, and total-solids concentrations as shown in sections of the study area indicate downward movement of these constituents. Maximum concentrations are in a zone underlying the areas of Westbury, Hicksvil.le, and Plainview. Nitrate (as nitrogen) concentration increased from 4-5 milligrams per liter to 7 milligrams per liter in the area of Westbury and from 3 to 10 milligrams per liter in Plainview during the period 1950-73. During this same period, a 10 milligram-per-liter line of equal-chloride concentration on a cross section in the Westbury area moved downward a distance of less than 50 feet (15 meters), and in the area of Hicksville nearly 150 feet (45 meters). Total-solids concentration doubled in the area of Plainview, where maximum downward movement of pollutants was observed.
- Distribution of Nitrate in Ground Water Redlands, California
- Report and geographical survey. This report examines the distribution of nitrates in the Redland area's ground water and concludes that this distribution depends primarily upon depth below the water table and areal location. Includes several maps and figures.
- Drinking-Water Quality and Variations in Water Levels in the Fractured Crystalline-Rock Aquifer, West-Central, Jefferson County, Colorado
- From abstract: From parts of the area, water for domestic use obtained from the fractured crystalline-rock aquifer contained excessive concentration of dissolved fluoride, dissolved nitrite plus nitrate, dissolved solids, dissolved iron, dissolved manganese, dissolved zinc, coliform bacteria, gross alpha radiation, and gross beta radiation. Based on water-quality analyses from 26 wells located in small urbanized areas, water from 21 of the wells contained excessive concentrations of one of more constituents.
- Effect of Surface Coal Mining on the Hydrology of Crooked and Turkey Creek Basins, Jefferson County, Alabama
- From introduction: The objective of this project is to measure the impact coal mining has on the hydrologic system and to develop the capability for predicting the effect of future mining on water resources. To achieve this necessities isolating the problems and measuring the parameters involved before, during, and after mining.