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2005 Habitat Evaluation Procedure (HEP) Report for the Calispell Creek Project

Description: On July 13, 2004, the Habitat Evaluation Procedure (HEP) was used to determine baseline habitat suitability on the Calispell Creek property, an acquisition completed by the Kalispel Tribe of Indians in February 2004. Evaluation species and appropriate models include Canada goose, mallard, muskrat, yellow warbler, and white-tailed deer. Habitat Suitability Index (HSI) values were visually estimated and agreed upon by all HEP team members. The Calispell Creek Project provides a total of 138.17 Ha… more
Date: February 1, 2005
Creator: Entz, Ray
open access

21st Century Challenges: Reexamining the Base of the Federal Government

Description: A chapter report issued by the Government Accountability Office with an abstract that begins "This report is intended to help the Congress in reviewing and reconsidering the base of federal spending and tax programs. It is intended as one input among many that Congress will receive as it decides what its agenda will be for oversight and program review. We have framed the issues presented as illustrative questions for policymakers to consider as a supplement to their own efforts. The questions a… more
Date: February 1, 2005
Creator: United States. Government Accountability Office.
open access

3rd Tech DeltaSphere-3000 Laser 3D Scene Digitizer infrared laser scanner hazard analysis.

Description: A laser hazard analysis and safety assessment was performed for the 3rd Tech model DeltaSphere-3000{reg_sign} Laser 3D Scene Digitizer, infrared laser scanner model based on the 2000 version of the American National Standard Institute's Standard Z136.1, for the Safe Use of Lasers. The portable scanner system is used in the Robotic Manufacturing Science and Engineering Laboratory (RMSEL). This scanning system had been proposed to be a demonstrator for a new application. The manufacture lists the… more
Date: February 1, 2005
Creator: Augustoni, Arnold L.
open access

Acoustic Emission Precursors of M6.0 2004 Parkfield and M7.0 1989Loma Prieta Earthquakes

Description: Two recent strike-slip earthquakes on the San Andreas Fault(SAF) in California, the M6.0 2004 Parkfield and M7.0 1989 Loma Prietaevents, revealed peaks in the acoustic emission (AE) activity in thesurrounding crust several months prior to the main events. Earthquakesdirectly within the SAF zone were intentionally excluded from theanalysis. The observed increase in AE is assumed to be a signature of theincreasing stress level in the surrounding crust, while the peak andsubsequent decrease in AE … more
Date: February 1, 2005
Creator: Korneev, Valeri
open access

Adaptive Full-Spectrum Solar Energy Systems Cross-Cutting R&D on Adaptive Full-Spectrum Solar Energy Systems for More Efficient and Affordable Use of Solar Energy in Buildings and Hybrid Photobioreactors

Description: This RD&D project is a three year team effort to develop a hybrid solar lighting (HSL) system that transports daylight from a paraboloidal dish concentrator to a luminaire via a bundle of small core or a large core polymer fiber optics. The luminaire can be a device to distribute sunlight into a space for the production of algae or it can be a device that is a combination of daylighting and electric lighting for space/task lighting. In this project, the sunlight is collected using a one-met… more
Date: February 1, 2005
Creator: Wood, Byard D. & Muhs, Jeff D.
open access

Advanced Fuel Cycle Initiative - Projected Linear Heat Generation Rate and Burnup Calculations

Description: This report provides documentation of the physics analysis performed to determine the linear heat generation rate (LHGR) and burnup calculations for the Advanced Fuel Cycle Initiative (AFCI) tests, AFC-1D, AFC-1H, and AFC-1G. The AFC-1D and AFC-1H tests consists of low-fertile metallic fuel compositions and the AFC-1G test consists of non-fertile and low-fertile nitride compositions. These tests will be irradiated in the East Flux Trap (EFT) positions E1, E2, and E3, respectively, during Advanc… more
Date: February 1, 2005
Creator: Ambrosek, Richard G.; Chang, Gray S. & Utterbeck, Debbie J.
open access

ADVANCED TECHNOLOGIES FOR THE SIMULTANEOUS SEPARATION OF CESIUM AND STRONTIUM FROM SPENT NUCLEAR FUEL

Description: Two new solvent extraction technologies have been recently developed to simultaneously separate cesium and strontium from spent nuclear fuel, following dissolution in nitric acid. The first process utilizes a solvent consisting of chlorinated cobalt dicarbollide and polyethylene glycol extractants in a phenyltrifluoromethyl sulfone diluent. Recent improvements to the process include development of a new, non-nitroaromatic diluent and development of new stripping reagents, including a regenerabl… more
Date: February 1, 2005
Creator: Law, Jack D.; Todd, Terry A.; Herbst, R. Scott; Meikrantz, David H.; Peterman, Dean R.; Riddle, Catherine L. et al.
open access

AFM-Based Microelectrical Characterization of Grain Boundaries in Cu(In,Ga)Se2 Thin Films

Description: We report on a direct measurement of two-dimensional potential distribution on the surface of Cu(In,Ga)Se2 thin films using a nanoscale electrical characterization of scanning Kelvin probe microscopy both in air and in ultra-high vacuum. The potential measurement reveals a higher surface potential or a smaller work function on grain boundaries (GBs) of the film than on the grain surfaces. This demonstrates the existence of a local built-in potential on GBs, and the GB is positively charged. The… more
Date: February 1, 2005
Creator: Jiang, C. S.; Noufi, R.; Ramanathan, K.; AbuShama, J. A.; Moutinho, H. R. & Al-Jassim, M. M.
open access

AIDS in Africa

Description: This report discusses the AIDS issues in Africa and the Bush administration call to double U.S. international funding for AIDS.
Date: February 1, 2005
Creator: Copson, Raymond W.
open access

ALEGRA-HEDP : version 4.6.

Description: ALEGRA is an arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian finite element code that emphasizes large distortion and shock propagation in inviscid fluids and solids. This document describes user options for modeling resistive magnetohydrodynamics, thermal conduction, and radiation transport effects, and two material temperature physics.
Date: February 1, 2005
Creator: Garasi, Christopher Joseph; Cochrane, Kyle Robert; Mehlhorn, Thomas Alan; Haill, Thomas A.; Brunner, Thomas A.; Summers, Randall M. et al.
open access

Analysis of Depletion-Region Collection in GaInNAs Solar Cells

Description: We provide qualitative insight into depletion-region collection in GaInNAs cells to (1) understand the effect of diffusion length L on the QE; and (2) describe the magnitude of L required to get adequate current from the cell. We use Wolf's equations for the QE including a drift field E, and model E as being equal to the junction built-in voltage distributed uniformly across the depletion region. This allows us to calculate the QE as a function of L and depletion width WD. We show that if L is … more
Date: February 1, 2005
Creator: Friedman, D. J.; Ptak, A. J.; Kurtz, S. R. & Geisz, J. F.
open access

An Analytic Tool to Investigate the Effect of Binder on the Sensitivity of HMX-Based Plastic Bonded Explosives in the Skid Test

Description: This project will develop an analytical tool to calculate performance of HMX based PBXs in the skid test. The skid-test is used as a means to measure sensitivity for large charges in handling situations. Each series of skid tests requires dozens of drops of large billets. It is proposed that the reaction (or lack of one) of PBXs in the skid test is governed by the mechanical properties of the binder. If true, one might be able to develop an analytical tool to estimate skid test behavior for new… more
Date: February 1, 2005
Creator: Hayden, D. W.
open access

Beryllium Technology Research in the United States

Description: While most active research involving beryllium in the United States remains tied strongly to biological effects, there are several areas of technology development in the last two years that should be mentioned. (1) Beryllium disposed of in soil vaults at the Idaho National Laboratory (INL) Radioactive Waste Management Complex (RWMC) has been encapsulated in-situ by high-temperature and pressure injection of a proprietary wax based material to inhibit corrosion. (2) A research program to develop… more
Date: February 1, 2005
Creator: Longhurst, Glen R.; Anderl, Robert A.; Adleer-Flitton, M. Kay; Matthern, Gretchen E.; Tranter, Troy J. & Hollis, Kendall J.
open access

Beyond Commissioning: The Role of Automation

Description: This article takes a brief look at the benefits of commissioning and describes a vision of the future where most of the objectives of commissioning will be accomplished automatically by capabilities built into the building systems themselves. Commissioning will become an activity that's performed continuously rather than periodically, and only repairs requiring replacement or overhaul of equipment will require manual intervention. The article then identifies some of the technologies that will b… more
Date: February 1, 2005
Creator: Brambley, Michael R. & Katipamula, Srinivas
open access

Building America Research Benchmark Definition, Updated December 29, 2004

Description: To track progress toward aggressive multi-year whole-house energy savings goals of 40-70% and onsite power production of up to 30%, the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Residential Buildings Program and the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) developed the Building America Research Benchmark in consultation with the Building America industry teams. The Benchmark is generally consistent with mid-1990s standard practice, as reflected in the Home Energy Rating System (HERS) Technical Guidel… more
Date: February 1, 2005
Creator: Hendron, R.
open access

Calculation set for design and optimization of vegetative soil covers Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico.

Description: This study demonstrates that containment of municipal and hazardous waste in arid and semiarid environments can be accomplished effectively without traditional, synthetic materials and complex, multi-layer systems. This research demonstrates that closure covers combining layers of natural soil, native plant species, and climatic conditions to form a sustainable, functioning ecosystem will meet the technical equivalency criteria prescribed by the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency. In this st… more
Date: February 1, 2005
Creator: Peace, Gerald L. & Goering, Timothy James (GRAM, Inc., Albuquerque, NM)
open access

The Challenges Associated with High Burnup and High Temperature for UO2 TRISO-Coated Particle Fuel

Description: The fuel service conditions for the DOE Next Generation Nuclear Plant (NGNP) will be challenging. All major fuel related design parameters (burnup, temperature, fast neutron fluence, power density, particle packing fraction) exceed the values that were qualified in the successful German UO2 TRISO-coated particle fuel development program in the 1980s. While TRISO-coated particle fuel has been irradiated at NGNP relevant levels for two or three of the design parameters, no data exist for TRISO-co… more
Date: February 1, 2005
Creator: Petti, David & Maki, John
open access

Changing Safety Culture, One Step at a Time: The Value of the DOE-VPP Program at PNNL

Description: The primary value of the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) Voluntary Protection Program (VPP) is the ongoing partnership between management and staff committed to change Laboratory safety culture one step at a time. VPP enables PNNL's safety and health program to transcend a top-down, by-the-book approach to safety, and it also raises grassroots safety consciousness by promoting a commitment to safety and health 24 hours a day, 7 days a week. PNNL VPP is a dynamic, evolving program t… more
Date: February 1, 2005
Creator: Wright, Patrick A. & Isern, Nancy G.
open access

Characteristics and sources of intermediate size particles in recovery boilers : final project report.

Description: As part of the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Industrial Technologies (OIT) Industries of the Future (IOF) Forest Products research program, a collaborative investigation was conducted on the sources, characteristics, and deposition of particles intermediate in size between submicron fume and carryover in recovery boilers. Laboratory experiments on suspended-drop combustion of black liquor and on black liquor char bed combustion demonstrated that both processes generate intermediate … more
Date: February 1, 2005
Creator: Baxter, Larry L. (Brigham Young University, Provo, UT); Shaddix, Christopher R.; Verrill, Christopher L. (Georgia Institute of Technology, Institute of Paper Science and Technology, Atlanta, GA) & Wessel, Richard A. (Babcock & Wilcox Company, Barberton, OH)
open access

Characterization of soot properties in two-meter JP-8 pool fires.

Description: The thermal hazard posed by large hydrocarbon fires is dominated by the radiative emission from high temperature soot. Since the optical properties of soot, especially in the infrared region of the electromagnetic spectrum, as well as its morphological properties, are not well known, efforts are underway to characterize these properties. Measurements of these soot properties in large fires are important for heat transfer calculations, for interpretation of laser-based diagnostics, and for devel… more
Date: February 1, 2005
Creator: Suo-Anttila, Jill Marie; Jensen, Kirk A. & Blevins, Linda Gail (Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, CA)
open access

Closed-Form Solutions and Parameterization of the Problem of Current-Voltage Performance of Polycrystalline Photovoltaic Modules Deployed at Fixed Latitude Tilt

Description: One obstacle to wider market penetration for thin-film polycrystalline photovoltaic (PV) modules is the lack of field performance data, notably temperature-coefficient data for the current-voltage (I-V) characteristics over all irradiance levels encountered in the field. Generally, temperature coefficient and performance data are available only in a restricted range of illumination around 1-sun intensity. In this paper, the I-V performance data are presented, analyzed, and parameterized across … more
Date: February 1, 2005
Creator: del Cueto, J. A.
open access

CO{sub 2} SEQUESTRATION POTENTIAL OF TEXAS LOW-RANK COALS

Description: The objectives of this project are to evaluate the feasibility of carbon dioxide (CO{sub 2}) sequestration in Texas low-rank coals and to determine the potential for enhanced coalbed methane (CBM) recovery as an added benefit of sequestration. There were three main objectives for this reporting period, which related to obtaining accurate parameters for reservoir model description and modeling reservoir performance of CO{sub 2} sequestration and enhanced coalbed methane recovery. The first objec… more
Date: February 1, 2005
Creator: McVay, Duane A.; Ayers, Walter B., Jr. & Jensen, Jerry L.
open access

Collection of Photocarriers in Ga{sub x}In{sub 1-x}N{sub y}As{sub 1-y} Solar Cells

Description: Collection of photocarriers in Ga{sub x}In{sub 1-x}N{sub y}As{sub 1-y} solar cells is limited by the poor quality of the Ga{sub x}In{sub 1-x}N{sub y}As{sub 1-y}. Some reports have shown collection of photocarriers outside of the depleted layer in annealed Ga{sub x}In{sub 1-x}N{sub y}As{sub 1-y}, but the key to achieving the higher collection has been unclear. In this paper, we attempt to quantify the diffusion and collection lengths that contribute to the photocurrent in Ga{sub x}In{sub 1-x}N{s… more
Date: February 1, 2005
Creator: Kurtz, S.; Geisz, J. F.; Friedman, D. J.; Ptak, A. J.; King, R. R.; Law, D. C. et al.
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