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- 30 Megawatt Heat Exchanger and Steam Generator for Sodium Cooled Reactor System: Volume 2, Chemical and Stress Analysis
- Chemical engineering analysis and stress analysis for design of the 3 megawatt intermediate heat exchanger and steam generator for service with a liquid sodium heat transfer fluid.
- 1000 MegaWatt Boiling Water Reactor Plant Feasibility Study: Volume 1
- From introduction: "Summary report of the 1000 MWe Boiling Water Reactor Plant Feasibility Study performed by the General Electric Company."
- 1000 MegaWatt Boiling Water Reactor Plant Feasibility Study: Volume 2
- From introduction: "Presents the detailed description of a 1000 MW Electric Power Plant employing one or two Boiling Water Reactors as the steam source."
- 1000 MegaWatt Boiling Water Reactor Plant Feasibility Study: Volume 3
- From introduction: "Contains the appendices and a complete set of drawings related to the 1000 MWe Boiling Water Reactor Plant Feasibility Study performed by the General Electric Company for the United States Atomic Energy Commission."
- Abscopal Effects of Localized Irradiation by Accelerator Beams
- The aim of this series of experiments was to evaluate the existence of abscopal effects of irradiation. No attempt was made towards the elucidation of mechanisms. Very early in the history of radiological research it was noticed radiation produces both local and general effects involving the entire body. Gauss and Lembcke introduced the term "Roentgenkater" (radiation sickness). They ascribed these "General Effects" to the circulation of toxic substances released from cells that disintegrated following irradiation.
- Acid-Base Reactions in Fused Salts. Dichromate-Bromate Reaction
- Technical report. From Abstract : "The reaction of Lewis acid and base, Cr2O7= and BrO3_, in fused KNO3 - NaNO3 mixtures has been shown to involve an equilibrium followed by a slow decomposition to gaseous products."
- Addendum to the Spert IV Hazards Summary Report: Capsule Driver Core
- From abstract: "explain all important features pertaining to a new pulsed irradiation reactor, the Capsule Driver, Core, and to analyze the potential problems and hazards of operating this reactor in the existing Spert IV facility."
- Advanced Pressurized Water Reactor Study [Part 1, Supplement]: Phase 2--A Report
- From introduction: This report details the progress of the Advanced Pressurized Water Reactor Study.
- Advanced Test Reactor Servo Regulator Rod Test Program
- From abstract: "Verify rod mechanism characteristics reported by the United Shoe Machinery Corporation, demonstrate that rod mechanism characteristics were compatible with reactor kinetics and that over-all reactor system behavior was stable, and to recommend system modifications needed for satisfactory performance."
- Aeroradioactivity Survey and Geology of the Gnome (Carlsbad) Area, New Mexico and Texas (ARMS-I)
- Report regarding an airborne radioactivity survey that took place in the 7,000 square mile area around the GNOME test site near Carlsbad, New Mexico. Topics include the types of bedrock noted in the area as well as their levels of radioactivity.
- Alpha Air Monitoring with [alpha]/[beta] Ratio Compensation for Natural Interference
- Abstract. Results are presented of a theoretical study to calculate the [alpha]/[beta] ratio of filter-collected natural airborne radioactivity. The detection of airborne plutonium contamination by noting increases in this [alpha]/[beta] ratio is discussed. A modification of this approach which provides a more uniform response to alpha airborne contamination is described.
- Analysis of Carbon Monoxide-Nitrogen Mixtures by High Resolution Mass Spectrometry
- From abstract: "A single focusing mass spectrometer has been converted into a double focusing instrument. Relatively high resolution is obtained by decreasing the slit widths and minimizing the ion-optic aberrations. A relatively low ion accelerating voltage (2000 volts) is utilized compared to those normally used for high resolution work. The entire construction was performed at these laboratories. Essentially all of the original equipment was reused in the double focusing system. Although the original source slit was decreased from 10 to 0.4 mils and the source α value was decreased from 0.04 to 0.008 radians, sufficient sensitivity is obtained for quantitative gas analysis with the ordinary electrometer tube amplifiers utilizing 4 x 10[^]10 ohms input grid resistors and 100 per cent inverse feedback. Carbon monoxide-nitrogen mixtures were analyzed quantitatively. The results indicate that direct quantitative analysis can be obtained on mixtures ranging from 99 per cent to 10 per cent carbon monoxide in nitrogen. Analysis of lower percentages may be made possible through indirect reading of the peak should it be necessary. It appears that the instrument should be adaptable to research problems concerning these two gases. The immediate problem posed is the analysis of oxygen and nitrogen in metals. Other applications may be possible such as analysis of metastable fragment ions of hydrocarbons or identification of doublet peaks requiring high resolution."
- Anion Exchange Recovery of Plutonium From Reduction Residues
- Technical report. From Abstract: "An anion exchange process was demonstrated for the recovery of plutonium from waste produced in the reduction of plutonium salts to the metal. Plutonium in a highly salted 6M nitric acid solution derived from the dissolution of slag and crucible waste was separated from impurities by absorbing the Pu (IV) nitrate complex on the anion exchange resin and subsequently eluting with nitric acid. A flowsheet for plant operation is presented."
- Antibody Formation by Transplanted Bone Marrow, Spleen, Lymph Node and Thymus Cells in Irradiated Recipients
- The role of the marrow as a site for antibody formation has been considered for many years. In 1912 Ludke reported the appearance of antibody in cultures of marrow cells obtained from previously immunized rabbits. Specific agglutinins for killed typhoid bacilli and lysins for ox red cells and sheep red cells were detected in the culture media 2 to 5 days later. However, the cultured cells failed to produce antibody when these antigens were added to the media. Similar findings by Reiter, Przygode, and Schilf appeared in the early literature with regard to the appearance of antibodies to various antigens in tissue cultures of bone marrow from immunized animals, along with failure to elicit antibody formation by addition of antigen to the culture resulted from the addition of excess amounts of antigen, so that if antibody synthesis occurred, the excess antigen combined with antibody and significant amounts of free antibody could not be detected in the culture media. Thorbecke and Keuning observed an increase in antibody in culture fluids when bone marrow fragments from rabbits immunized to paratyphoid B vaccine were cultured in roller tubes.
- Application of Nuclear Power Plants (SNAP Units) to the Manned Orbiting Research Laboratory (MORL)
- Abstract: This report describes in detail two designs of a nominal 6-kwe Nuclear Power Plant (NPP), one using thermoelectrics for power conversion and the other using the Mercury-Rankine cycle NPP.
- Army Gas-Cooled Reactor Systems Program Semiannual Progress Report: July 1 - December 31, 1959
- Report documenting the progress of the Army Gas-Cooled Reactor Systems Program to develop a mobile nuclear power plant for military field operation.
- Army Gas-Cooled Reactor Systems Program Semiannual Progress Report: July 1 - December 31, 1960
- Report documenting the progress of the Army Gas-Cooled Reactor Systems Program to develop a mobile nuclear power plant for military field operation.
- Army Gas-Cooled Reactor Systems Program Quarterly Progress Report: October 1 - December 31, 1963
- Report documenting the progress of the Army Gas-Cooled Reactor Systems Program to develop a mobile nuclear power plant for military field operation.
- Army Gas-Cooled Reactor Systems Program Quarterly Progress Report: October 1 - December 31, 1964
- Report documenting the progress of the Army Gas-Cooled Reactor Systems Program to develop a mobile nuclear power plant for military field operation.
- Atomic Energy Levels in Crystals
- Report discussing discrete energy levels observed within certain crystals which are due to perturbations of energy levels of the free ion by an electrostatic field arising from the crystal lattice. The analytic procedures for determining the field from the charge configuration are given, and the resulting fields are classified according to their symmetry. After a general survey of group-theoretical ideas, the applicable groups are analyzed in detail, and characters appropriate for both integral and half-integral angular momenta of the free ion are tabulated. Text includes tabulations, equations, and matrices using Wigner and Racah coefficients.
- Attempts to Delineate Inborn Anemias in Mice. Progress Report and Fifth Renewal Proposal, Report Period: January 10, 1959-January 31, 1960. Renewal Period: May 1, 1960-April 30, 1961
- During the past year, three papers covering results of a major series of experiments on intergenotype of blood-forming tissue have appeared, demonstrating successful implantation of isologues normal cells in anemic hosts, permanently correcting their genetic defect in hematopoiesis, both with and without irradiation of the host. Heavy host irradiation was shown ineffective as preparations for implantation of homologous cells of widely different antigenic types.
- Boiling Nuclear Superheater (BONUS) Power Station : Final Hazards Summary Report
- Summary report of final hazards for the Boiling Nuclear Superheater (BONUS) Power Station with illustrations.
- Boiling Water Reactor Study [Part 1, Supplement]: Refinements of 306 Mw Power Reactor Conceptual Design
- From introduction: The objectives of the study are to review the designs and costs of the 306 mw selected BWR and to determine the effect of refinements on plant performance and costs.
- Boiling Water Reactor Study [Part 2, Supplement]: Separate Studies
- From summary and conclusions: This study has been made to determine the feasibility of installing reheat steam facilities in conjunction with the selected 306-mw boiling water nuclear power plant.
- Boiling Water Reactor Study [Part 4]: 100 Mw Boiling Water Reactor Conceptual Design
- From introduction: This report sets forth the results of a study of a 100-mw dual cycle boiling water reactor, nuclear power plant.
- Boiling Water Reactor Technology Status of the Art Report: Volume 1. Heat Transfer and Hydraulics
- Report discussing state of the art design and operation of heat transfer and hydraulics equipment and technology in boiling water reactor power plants.
- Bond Energies, Valence State Energies And Resonance¹,²
- Previous attempts to interpret chemical structure in terms of x-electron resonance have been recently criticized. A reinterpretation of the lengths of the C-C bonds in terms of orbital radii has not revealed any effects of x-electron resonance in the ground states of classical molecules such as 1, 3-butadiene, methyl acetylene, etc. Even in a non-classical molecule such as benzene, resonance shortening of the CC bond is only in terms of the strengths of the hybrid orbitals. If the lengths and force constants of the C-C bonds vary with hybridization, so also must their bond energies. If resonance is not important in classical molecules, the heat of atomization of a classical molecule must be given by the sum of either the energies of the bonds or the contributions of the atoms present in it. To test this theory, we have estimated the contributions of some standard carbon atoms, viz., primary, secondary, tertiary, quaternary, trigonal, and diagonal carbon atoms.
- The Boron-Carbon System: Quarterly Report Number 3, November 1960 - January 1961
- Abstract: A definitive investigation of the boron-carbon equilibrium system is being made by X-ray diffraction, metallographic, and thermal analytical techniques. On the basis of metallographic and X-ray diffraction studies it is concluded that boron carbide has a range of solubility from approximately 10 to 20 atomic per cent carbon at 1500 degrees to 2000 degrees Celsius. The melting point of the carbide-graphite eutectic has been established as 2325-2350 degrees Celsius. No reversible allotropy of the beta-rhombohedral structure has been observed. The solubility of carbon in boron is very small. The melting point of dilute carbon alloys is found to be essentially the same as that of pure boron (2040 degrees to 2050 degrees). No metallographic evidence of a three-phase reaction of dilute alloys is observed.
- Bremsstrahlung
- An electron can suffer a very large acceleration in passing through the Coulomb field of a nucleus, and in this interaction the radiant energy (photons) lost by the electrons is called bremsstrahlung (also, bremsstrahlung sometimes designates the interaction itself). If an electron whose total energy [formula] traverses matter of atomic number Z, the electron loses energy chiefly by bremsstrahlung. This case is considered here.
- Bromine Exchange in Graphite-Bromine Lamellar Compounds
- A kinetic study of the exchange of normal and radioactive bromine in graphite-bromine lamellar compounds has been made at temperatures of 30° to 50°C. Natural and synthetic graphite powders were investigated. Two alternative mechanisms for the exchange, volume diffusion and surface exchange, were considered. The data were in better agreement with the diffusion mechanism. Diffusion coefficients of 10 -9 to 10 -8 cm2/sec and an activation energy of 11 to 14 kcal/mole were calculated for the natural graphite powders. The diffusion coefficients increased with increasing bromine content. Reversibly absorbed bromine exchanged more rapidly than irreversibly absorbed bromine.
- BWR Reference Design for PL-3
- Abstract: The natural circulation, direct cycle, boiling water reactor reference design presented in this technical report is the alternate to the preferred preliminary design developed under Phase I of the PL-3 contract. The report presents plant design criteria, summary of plant selection, plant description, reactor and primary system description, thermal and hydraulic analysis, nuclear analysis, control and instrumentation description, shielding description, auxiliary systems, power plant equipment, waste disposal, buildings and tunnels, services, operation and maintenance, logistics, erection, cost information and training program outline.
- Calculation of Cavity Radius Using an Average Potential Energy Function
- This report presents an equation used for calculating the radii of non-spherical cavities formed by underground nuclear explosions.
- The Calculation of Zero-Point Energies of Molecules by Perturbation Methods
- Two methods are proposed for calculating zero-point energies of molecules. The first makes use of the fact that one can easily write down the quantum mechanical Hamiltonian for a vibration system. The zero-point energy can then be obtained by a perturbation scheme without solving the secular equation. The second method requires a knowledge of the normal modes and frequencies of a reference molecule, but then enables one to calculate isotope effects by a perturbation scheme. The methods are applied to some examples and the convergence of the perturbation series is investigated. The approximate validity of the law of the mean for the isotope effect on zero-point energies is explored within the framework of the methods.
- Calibration of Liquid-in-Glass Thermometers
- Report discussing important elements of thermometer design. Factors affecting the use of common types of liquid-in-glass thermometers are included together with tables of tolerances and reasonably attainable accuracies. The calculation of corrections for the temperature of the emergent stem is given in detail for various types of thermometers and conditions of use.
- Chemonuclear Processing
- Technical report giving an overview of the use of nuclear energy to produce chemicals including a rough estimate of the economic potential.
- Chronic Excess Salt Consumption as an Etiologic Factor in Human Hypertension
- Since 1940 it has been known that extra salt (i.e. sodium chloride) facilitated the development of experimental hypertension induced by various sterols; subsequently hypertension was induced by desoxycorticosterone acetate plus sodium chloride; then hypertension was produced by using hypertonic saline as the sole source of liquid; and finally, in 1953, Menesly and his associates reported that chronic ingestion of excess dietary salt alone would produce hypertension in rats. Furthermore, in conformity with general pharmacologic experience relating dose response to successive increments of a drug, as the average daily salt intake increased, the average systolic, blood pressure increased.
- Circuit Dynamics of the Pinch
- The following document aims to analyze the dynamics of a pinch tube, including the reaction back on the energy source.
- Comparative Fuel Cycle Evaluations, Low Decontamination Pyroprocessing, and Aqueous Reprocessing: Part 2. UC Fuel in a Thermal Reactor
- From abstract: Preliminary cost estimates for fuel cycles using both aqueous and CARBOX reprocessing are presented.
- A Compendium of Information for Use in Controlling Radiation Emergencies: Including Lecture Notes from a Training Session at Idaho Falls, Idaho, February 12-14, 1958
- From introduction: This report is a summary of the lecture material in the training course held at Idaho Falls, Idaho, to familiarize members of radiological assistance teams with information helpful in the response to an unusual accident including release of radioactive materials to a populated environment.
- Compilation of Techniques Used By Vallecitos Radioactive Materials Laboratory
- Equipment and techniques for remote examination of irradiated fuel assemblies applicable to the Maritime Program are described. The following subjects are covered: visual and photographic examination, dimensional measurements, gamma activity scanning, fission gas release and fuel rod void volume determinations, density measurements, metallographic examination, and radiochemical burnup analysis.
- Complex Systems of the Rare Earth Metals With Glycolate, Lactate, and α-Hydroxyisobutyrate Ligands
- From Abstract : "The solubilities of the individual rare earth lactates and α-hysroxyisobutyrates in water at 20 and 60° were determined for comparison with the rare earth glycolate solubilities determined earlier."
- A Computer Program for Calculating Neutron Interaction Between Cylindrical Storage Containers
- Report containing a computerized means to calculate the neutron interaction between fissionable material contained in cylinders up to an array size of 20 x 20 units.
- Conceptual Design for 75 MWe Mixed Spectrum Superheating Reactor Power Plant
- "This report presents the conceptual design of a 75 MWe prototype Mixed Spectrum Superheater power plant. The scope of the work has emphasized primarily the design, performance, and cost information on the nuclear portion of the plant. The research and development programs required to insure plant feasibility are also present."--Intro.
- Construction of a Sea-Level, Transisthmian Canal Using Nuclear Explosives
- Partial abstract: "This report is based: (1) on information developed in earlier high explosive experiments which determined the optimum spacing and burial depth of charges in a row to produce a channel uniformly wide and deep, and (2) on the Sedan and Danny Boy experiments, which provided data on dimensions of nuclear craters in both soil and basalt rock. This information has been combined with the 1947 route surveys of the Panama Canal company, and estimates have been made not only of the number and yield of nuclear explosives required to excavate a Transisthmian canal with nuclear explosives, but also of the cost of the explosives and the cost of their replacement."
- Cosmic Ray Produced Ar37 and Ar39 Activities in Recently Fallen Meteorites
- Several methods of determining meteorite ages depend ages upon nuclides formed by cosmic ray interactions. The tactic assumption is always made that the intensity of cosmic radiation does not vary in time or space. However it is known that the intensity of cosmic radiation at the earth varies with the solar activity. The spectrum of cosmic ray protons and alpha particles exhibit a marked drop at the low energy end (<1.5 GeV) and the intensity in the region appears to follow the 11 year cycle of solar activity. The low energy cosmic rays increase in intensity with a decrease in solar activity. These changes in cosmic ray intensities are generally attributed to a modulation of the galactic cosmic radiation by the magnetic fields associated with the outward streaming solar material, the solar wind. One would therefore expect that the cosmic ray intensity several astronomical units from the sun is greater than the intensity at the earth's orbit, particularly at the low energy end of the spectrums.
- Critical Mass Studies of Plutonium Solutions
- Chain reacting conditions for plutonium nitrate in water solution have been examined experimentally for a variety of sizes of spheres and cylinders.
- Crystal Structure of a Sodium Cobalt Molybdate
- The cobalt and molybdenum positions had been derived from a three-dimensional Patterson function based on complete data out to λ-1 sin θMo≈ 1. From the separation of the separation of the Mo atoms it was thought that the structure contained free, unlinked MoO4 -2 ions, and this, together with the observed density and analyses for Co and Mo, suggested that the composition was probably Co2(MoO4)3. The paucity of structural information on complex oxide systems and the interesting properties, both structural and physical, of such systems prompted the present, detailed refinement of the structure. The result is more complicated and more interesting than had been anticipated: from the analysis of the X-ray data the compound is found to be NaCo2.31(MoO4)3, and this composition is consistent with chemical analyses. The structure shows several interesting features, including the partial occupancy of cobalt atoms in two independent CoO6 octahedral sites. In one arrangement of CoO6 octahedra there is the not too common face sharing to form infinite columns; in the other arrangement a zig-zag sheet, as far as we know differing from anything thus far reported, is formed by the sharing of edges and corners.
- Description of Facilities and Mechanical Components: Medical Research Reactor (MRR)
- Report issued by the Brookhaven National Laboratory discussing the Medical Research Reactor at the Medical Research Center. Design, tests, and operations of the reactor are presented. This report includes tables, illustrations, and photographs.
- Design and Construction of a Unit for Measuring Metal Skin Temperatures
- From summary: This report concerns the theoretical evaluation and experimental development of special thermocouples capable of being accurately located at or near the surface of metal structures to permit measurement of temperature distribution through the strictures.
- Design and Fabrication of Fuel Rods Containing Sintered UO2 Extrusions - Assembly 11L
- The extrusion forming of ceramic powders may be economically interesting in the field of nuclear fuel fabrication. When applied to the forming of rod-type uranium dioxide fuel, extrusion processes have been able to produce cylindrical bodies with length-to-diameter ratios much greater than those of the conventional die-pressed pellets. Furthermore, after being sintered, the extrusions have exhibited densities at least as high as those of sintered pellets. Thus, extrusion forming may offer reductions in handling during fabrication and, at the same time, provide a fuel with improved performance characteristics by decreasing the number of discontinuities in the fuel column. This report reviews the production of these extrusions, sets forth some of their characteristics, describes the materials and processes employed in cladding them, and records the pre-irradiation data pertaining to the finished fuel rods and fuel assembly. Irradiation of the fuel assembly in the VBWR was initiated on July 17, 1962.