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1. K+ Charge Exchange - Search For K+ Charge Exchange
An experiment was designed utilizing a charge-exchange reaction to study the decay and interactions of the neutral K mesons produced. The experiment produced no events that could be interpreted as either the decay or interaction of neutral K mesons. The nature of the experiment and the possible explanations of this unexpected result are presented in this paper.
3 Plant Radiation Study Interim Report #5- Part II Data on Gamma Shielding of Special Plutonium Samples
The calculation of shielding the thickness for plutonium is complicated by the many different energies represented in the gamma radiation emitted during decay of the plutonium isotopes. Dose rate predictions are also frequently confused by gamma from varying content of fission product impurities in the plutonium, as well as other gamma radiation induced through alpha and neutron particle absorption within the source material or its environment. After assumptions are made for these many factors the radiation data for shielding determination is still frequently inadequate because of wide variations in dose rates resulting from self-absorption. The degree if self-shielding is in turn dependent on nature of the plutonium compound, degree of compactness, weight, and over-all geometrical distribution of the source material. By preparing a variety of plutonium samples representing combinations of these varying factors, actual dose rates and gamma spectra, as obtained from them, can then be extrapolated for application to specific situations.
6.70 EV Resonance in U²³⁸
"Using the Brookhaven fast chopper, transmission curves were obtained for the 6.70 +/- .06 ev resonance in U238 using four different thicknesses of natural uranium metal." The measurements for the transmission curves are summarized in the table provided.
9-Zoom : A One-Dimensional, Multigroup, Neutron Diffusion Theory Reactor Code for the IBM 709
The following document describes the usage and purpose of the neutron diffusion theory reactor program 9-Zoom, a memory-contained program that takes advantage of 709 features such as, for example, preferential order of multiply by zero, and for small problems approaches input-output limitations with excellent convergence properties.
"25" Critically Consultation with J. W. Morfitt : April 3, 1950
Summary: "Criticality was considered impossible in any contingency encountered in practice under either of the following conditions which include no safety factor: (a) In any isolated cylinder not more than 5 in. in disruptor, if the total amount of U235 present does not exceed 7.5 Eg. (b) In an isolated vessel of any shape and size, if the total amount of U235 present does not exceed 880 g. An "isolated" vessel is one which does not "see" more than 0.1 [...] other vessels containing fissionable material."
A 37,500 KW Power Reactor with Competitive Possibilities
The following report follows the study on economics of nuclear power generation using a light water reactor.
327 Basin Aluminum Corrosion Test
An investigation of corrosion in the 327 Building's water storage basin was made to determine whether the static storage of aluminum jacketed fuel elements could cause corrosion effects that would interfere with studies of in-pile corrosion.
709 Program for Reduction of Exponential Pile Data
A multi-purpose program for processing exponential data has been prepared for the 709 computer. The main purposes of the program is to compute the material buckling from raw data (given counts, time, and counter information) or from previously calculated Athermal's. It is also possible to compute only CeCh (end and harmonic corrections) for a given B11 or series if B11's no counting data being entered. In every case, pile measurements must be submitted as input for corrections.
1706 KE Water Treatment for Out-of-Reactor Test Facilities.
Water treatment systems for preparing and maintaining high purity water in out-of-reactor or in-reactor test oops are becoming increasingly important. In out0of-reactor experiments the presence of ionic impurities in the water has a marked influence on film formation and corrosion rates. It is therefore , imperative that these impurities be maintained at the lower practical concentration.
1706-KER Coolant Test Facility Operations Manual
This procedure is intended to be used as: 1. An instruction and guide for operation of the KER loops. 2. To aid in familiarization and understanding of the general operation of the loops. 3. To prevent lost time due to errors in loop operation. The procedure is not meant to be completely comprehensive in all details of loop operation.
1A Reactor Inlet Hydraulic Valve Position Detector Temperature. Section I. Core I, Seed 1. Test Results DL-S-258-S, RNI-3
The purpose of the test was to determine the internal temperature of the valve position detector for the 1A reactor inlet hydraulic valve with the plant at normal pressure and temperature and at power. The normal operating temperatures for the valve position detector on the 1A reactor inlet hydraulic valve range from a minimum of 287 F to a maximum of 294.7 F.
Abernathyite, a New Uranium Mineral of the Metatorbernite Group
A report about a new uranium mineral from the Fuemrol No. 2 mine, Emery County, Utah, named abernathyite.
Abnormal grain growth in nickel-base heat-resistant alloys
From Introduction: "The data included in this report for Nimonic 80A alloy, for instance, represent experiments carried out to help clarify a production problem of grain-size control in an alloy which has been extensively used. The general procedure of the investigation was to carry out controlled laboratory experiments on samples of bar stock to find conditions of heating and hot-working which resulted in abnormal grain growth."
An Abrasive Cutoff Machine for Metallurgical Research on Radioactive Materials
An abrasive cutoff machine design, based upon a previous model, (1) was undertaken to provide for the sampling of radioactive material. the design objective was; first, to provide samples for metallographic examination, second, to provide samples for physical and mechanical property testing, and, third, to meet the following design requirements: 1. Remote operation. 2. Airborne contamination control. 3. Radioactive waste collection. 4. Remote maintenance.
Absolute Cross Sections for Secondary Particles Produced in High-Energy Nuclear Bombardments
From abstract: Absolute cross sections for the production of charged secondary particles is the bombardments of aluminum, nickel, silver, and gold by 332-Mev protons, 187-deuterons, and 380-Mev alpha particles have been determined.
Absolute Cross Sections of the Reaction P + P - w+ + d
Absolute differential cross sections for the reaction p + p - w+ + d were obtained by detecting meson-deuteron coincidences produced by passing the 340-Mev external proton beam of the Berkeley synchro-cyclotron through a liquid hydrogen target.
The Absorption and Translocation of Several Fission Elements by Russian Thistle
Abstract: An investigation was conducted to determine the absorption and translocation of fission products by Russian thistle from a localized spot of contaminated soil. The amount and identity of the radioactive elements absorbed and translocated by the Russian thistle is given along with the location of these elements in the plants. Beta radioactivity to the amounts of 10 microcuries per gram caused no visible effects on the growth habits of sectioned material are included.
Absorption by Soil of Strontium From 216-S Crib Waste
A preliminary soil column experiment with a waste sample from the 207-S-11 well, which monitors the 216-S cribs, indicated that cesium was absorbed almost completely by the soil but that strontium breakthrough to ground water in the near future seemed likely. Accordingly, it was suggested that the 216-S wastes be discharged to a new disposal site, and that samples of the wastes which are currently being discharged to the 216-S cribs be obtained for soil absorption tests. The primary purpose of these tests was to obtain data which could be used to suggest ways and means of improving the absorption of strontium by soil from the process condensate stream (D-2_ and the cell drainage stream (D-1), both of which have been discharged to the 216-S cribs for the past several months.
Absorption Characteristics of Long Soil Columns
The purpose of this report is to present the information obtained relative to the characteristic adsorption of radioisotopes in a long (forty feet) laboratory soil column treated with a high salt, process waste of high activity density. The movement of adsorbed cations in a soil column subjected to prolonged leeching by water also was determined.
Absorption of Organic Acids on Thoria
The adsorption of acetic and oleic acids on the surface of thoria was studied by means of infrared spectroscopy. An infrared analysis of the adsorbates before and after adsorption using differential double bean methods indicated that the adsorption of organic acids on thoria surfaces occurs by an esterification reaction between the organic acid and the hydroxylated thoria surface. Ammonia vapor will not adsorb on thoria, indicated the basic character of the hydroxylated surface.
Absorption of Radionuclides Applied to Above Ground Plant Parts : Terminal Report
The attached list of publications is submitted as a year to year and final report of progress on work accomplished under Contract AT(11-1)-159 from 1950 to 1959. Work was initiated on this project in the spring of 1950 and is still in progress as of the date of this report.
The Absorption Spectra of Complexes of Uranium (VI) with Some [beta]-Diketones
Abstract: "The absorption spectra of the complexes of uranium (VI) with four [beta]-diketones were determined under various conditions of pH, concentration of uranium, and alcohol concentration. Under optimum conditions, the maximum molar absorptivity (31,200) is obtained using 2-furoyltri-fluoroacetone. This compares with about 4,000 and 19,000 for the thiocyanate and dibenzoylmethane complexes, respectively."
The Absorption Spectra of Suspensions of Living Micro-Organism
The following document describes how to determine the measurements of the optical density or absorption spectra of suspensions of micro-organisms.
The Absorption Spectrum of Hydrated Americium Chloride
The following document focuses on the study of the absorption spectra of americium chloride. Large samples and a spectrograph of great dispersion were used.
Abstract for the Glasgow Meeting - "International Conference on Nuclear Physics": Gamma Transitions and the Shell Model
The study of the interaction of the electromagnetic field with nuclei has proved very fruitful for the elucidation of many details of nuclear structure. The γ-ray transitions observed in either absorption or emission can be divided into three classes, depending on whether the matrix elements of the transition are (1) much larger, (2) approximately equal or (3) much smaller than those expected for single proton transitions which are usually taken as a norm. In class (1) we find (a) the broad transitions leading to the "giant resonances" in the nuclear photo-electric effect, and (b) the "fast" transitions between low lying states, especially for even-even nuclei far removed from magic numbers. The large matrix elements and the regular dependence of their magnitude on the atomic weight speak for cooperative phenomena in which many nucleons or the nuclei as a whole are involved. In class (2) we find the much studied M4 transitions which give strong support for the single particle model; they have rather uniform matrix elements. Some finer points remain to be understood, especially why some odd nuclei do not show the expected ratio for |M|^2 of ~ 2:1. The transitions belonging to class (3) require further selection rules and are more difficult to describe in general terms. Among the better understood "slow" transitions are some electric transitions which have a reduced transition probability either because they correspond to neutron jumps, or because they involve more than one particle in the transitions.
Abundance and Distribution of Uranium and Thorium in Zircon, Sphene, Apatite, Epidote, and Monazite in Granitic Rocks
The following report covers investigations of uranium and thorium discovered within host minerals in the earth's crust, zircon, sphene, apatite, epidote, and monazite. The object of this investigation has been to obtain an approximate measure of the abundance and distribution of uranium and thorium among these five mineral phases.
The Abundance of the Principle Crustacea of the Columbia River and the Radioactivity They Contain
The following document describes data collected from a 14-month period of analyzing crustaceans containing radioactivity. Provided is information based on the change of radioactivity through seasonal changes.
Acceleration of a Plasma by Time-Varying Magnetic Fields
Abstract: An application of the magnetic mirror principle to the acceleration of a plasma is described. It is shown that an axially symmetric magnetic field which increases with time but decreases with distance along the axis can impart a net translational energy to a plasma. This effect on a plasma is contrasted with that arising from an impressed electric field, which is not effective in producing acceleration.
Accelerator Development Department Internal Report
In this report we present solutions of the design problem in which a system of quadruple lenses is required to carry a particle beam from given focal lines in the x and y planes to other given focal lines. Particular attention will be given to the case of the anastigmatic lens system which takes a beam from one focal point to another focal point. Since the general problem is almost impossibly complicated a simplification is introduced by breaking the lens system into two parts. The first part of the lens system is required to bring the initial beam to the state where it is parallel to the z axis in both planes. The second part carries the initially parallel beam to the required final condition. Each part will involve two quadrupoles so that the complete system will consist of four quadruples; usually, however, the field gradients in the second and third quadrupoles can be made identical so that those quadrupoles can be combined into one and the system becomes a three quadrupole system. The configuration of the lens element will be as shown in the figures below. These figures indicate also the general character of the beam path in the two planes.
Accident in Continuous-Dissolver Pilot Plant of Fluoride Volatility Project on May 15, 1957
The so-called Fluoride Volatility Processes refer to several proposed non-aqueous methods of processing irradiated fuel elements. In each of these methods, the uranium is fluorinated to UF6 and then decontaminated by distillation. One of those methods, involving the direct fluorination of the uranium by bromine trifluoride (BTF), has been under investigation at BNL since 1950. In 1952, it was demonstrated at BNL that uranium, as UF6, could be satisfactorily decontaminated by distillation in small-scale pilot plant equipment; end in 1953, BNL undertook the job of determining the technical feasibility of a continuous dissolver on a pilot-plant scale. The reason for the project was that the economic superiority of the process seemed to depend upon its amenability to continuous operation.
Accumulation of Radioactivity in Columbia River Fish in the Vicinity of the Hanford Works
Abstract: The data obtained from the radioassay of fish collected in vicinity of the Hanford Works between April, 1948 and June, 1950 are presented. Most of the radioactivity in the fish resulted from the concentration of p32 in the scales, bone, and certain visceral organs. The level of activity density in the fish was influenced by size, feeding habits and metabolic rate in addition to the activity density of the water. Changes in operation of nuclear reactors have resulted in progressive increases in activity densities of fish from one year to the next. The levels of radioactivity are not sufficiently high to be hazardous to either the fish or persons eating them.
Accuracy of Relaxation Length Measurements
We consider here the accuracy of relaxation lengths measured during the water-uranium lattice experiments. Since such an analysis for all measurements would take a great deal of time, we have applied it to just one lattice. This one (2:1 water-to-metal ratio) was chosen completely at random.
Accuracy of Volume Measurements in a Large Process Vessel
The Non-Production Fuel Reprocessing Program involves the chemical processing of valuable reactor fuels received from privately owned power reactors. It is necessary therefore, to accurately measure the fuel material received in order to insure proper payment to reactor operator and to provide the Atomic Energy Commission with appropriate accountability data. The volume measurement study described herein was conducted in order to determine the limits of accuracy that could be obtained in measuring relatively large volumes of solution under plant processing conditions.
Acid-Mine-Drainage Problems: Anthracite Region of Pennsylvania
Report from the U.S. Bureau of Mines discussing the anthracite region of Pennsylvania and the efforts to prevent coal-mine drainage into nearby streams. According to the introduction, "The purpose of this report is not to develop a practicable or feasible method or process of treating acid mine water but rather to present available factual and deduced data that may be useful in showing pH range over which the treatment is to take place and the sludge products most likely to be handled" (p. 2).
Acoustic radiation from two-dimensional rectangular cutouts in aerodynamic surfaces
From Introduction: "The experiments in high-speed flow showed that an intense, high-frequency acoustic radiation is an essential feature of the problem. Consequently, a study of the acoustic field (involving schlieren observations and frequency and intensity measurements) was undertaken. This report presents the salient features of the study, which was mainly exploratory."
The Action of Oxygen on Activated Charcoal
The following report provides information conducted with the purpose of ascertaining the effect of oxygen on activated charcoal at approximately one atmosphere by measuring the amount of CO2 formed over a known length of time.
Activation Energy for Fission
Abstract: The experimentally determined exponential dependence of spontaneous fission rate on Z^2/A has been used to derive an expression for the dependence of the fission activation energy on Z^2/A. This expression has been used to calculate the activation energy for slow neutron induced fission and photofission. The correlation with the experimental data on these types of fission seems to be quite good.
The Activation of Low-Reactivity Uranium Dioxide Particles
A detailed study of the activation of low-reactivity UO2 particles toward HF by successive oxidation and reduction was carried out. The effect of repeated successive oxidation and reduction on the reactivity of the UO2 source material toward HF was evaluated by hydrofluorination.
Additional Experiments on Stored Energy in BNL Reactor Graphite
In the memorandum entitled "Stored Energy in BNL Reactor Graphite", dated February 25, 1953, there is described an experiment conducted by Gurinsky's group to determine the energy per gram of irradiated graphite released in a 200°C anneal. Similar experiments were subsequently conducted by W. Kosiba, differing from the original in two particulars: a) Instead of two graphite samples, one normal, and one irradiated, Kosiba used only an irradiated sample which he heated first to release the stored energy, and then again after the energy was released. In this way, he obtained time against temperature curves for both normal and irradiated graphite from the same sample. (These curves are graphed for each run in Figs. 1 thru 5.) b) The vycor tubing used in the original experiment was not used by Kosiba. Five runs of this experiment were selected, Runs 4P, 13, 36, and 40 at furnace temperatures of 200°C, and Run 45 at a furnace temperature of 400°C.
Additional Extraction and Ion Exchange Studies of Temple Mountain District Ores
Uranium extraction of 95% has been obtained from samples of Temple Mountain ore by a cyclic test procedure in which the new feed was not roasted. This procedure involved acid leaching the ore, flotation and roasting of the carbonaceous material, and acid leaching the roaster calcine.
Adiabatic Injection
From introduction comments: The present analysis is intended to examine the relations for "adiabatic" injection in general from a different point of view.
The Adsorption of He3 and He4 on Activated Charcoal
The adsorption on activated charcoal of pure He3 at 2.5 and 3°K, and of pure He4 at 4°K has been measured. The volume of gas necessary to form a monolayer is approximately the same for the two isotopes. It is shown that capillary condensation does not occur in this adsorbent at low saturations. The data have been analyzed by a number of methods with consistent results.
Advanced Seminar in Reactor Physics
The following report provides equations that result from a seminar in reactor physics.
Amplitude and Phase Functions for the Revised Parameters of the Cambridge Electron Accelerator
"The phase and amplitude functions describing the betatron oscillations in the synchrotron are calculated using the revised parameters of the Cambridge Electron Accelerator. The results are given numerically and plotted in a graph for one machine period."
The Aeolotropic Elastic Relations for Uranium Crystals
Handwritten report. This theoretical introduction to the anisotropic elastic properties of the orthorombic [sic] uranium crystal presents certain basic ideas which are useful in the study of experimental methods for determining preferred orientations in polycrystalline bodies. The method of analysis used to determine the elastic constants suggests explanations and correlations for the observations of sonic wave experiments on bars having preferred orientations and also serves as an introduction into the type of mathematical relations used in the study of anisotropic crystals.
Aerodynamic characteristics and flying qualities of a tailless triangular-wing airplane configuration as obtained from flights of rocket-propelled models at transonic and supersonic speeds
Report discussing a flight investigation of rocket-powered models of a tailless triangular-wing airplane configuration was made through the transonic and low supersonic speed range at the Langley Pilotless Aircraft Research Station at Wallops Island, Va. An analysis of the aerodynamic coefficients, stability derivatives, and flying qualities based on the results obtained from the successful flight tests of three models is presented.
Aerodynamic heating of a thin, unswept, untapered, multiweb, aluminum-alloy wing at Mach numbers up to 2.67 as determined from a free-flight investigation of a rocket-propelled model
From Introduction: "The heat-transfer data calculated from measured temperatures are compared with values calculated by the theory of Van Driest for a flat plate with laminar and turbulent boundary layers. In addition, the heat-transfer data from the flight tests are compared with data obtained from the Langley Structures Research Division of ground tests of an identical wing at a Mach number approximately equal to 1.99 in the pre-flight jet of the Langley Pilotless Aircraft Research Station at Wallops Island, Va. The stream static pressure is maintained at about 1 atmosphere, the free-stream temperature at about 75^o F, and the stagnation temperature at approximately 500 ^o F (ref.1)."
Aerodynamics of slender wings and wing-body combinations having swept trailing edges
From Introduction: "In the present paper, a general method is developed for solving low-aspect-ratio problems involving shed vortex sheets. Both direct and inverse problems are considered. The method is applicable for all planar problems where the velocity boundary conditions can be made homogeneous by differentiation in either the streamwise or the spanwise directions."
Aeronautical Climatology: Thunderstorms
This report describes how thunderstorms affect aviation
Aerosol Collection by Wetted Fiberglass Media
A wet collection system for aerosols has been developed using fibrous media. Tests show the performance to be in accord with recently developed theory of collection by fibrous media. The effects of varying aerosol particle size, particle density, and gas velocity have indicated that inertial impaction is the primary collection mechanism. Three-year operating experience on several full scale plant installations shows reliable performance.
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