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Access to Broadband Networks: The Net Neutrality Debate

Description: This report discusses the current debate over "net neutrality". While there is no single accepted definition of "net neutrality," most agree that any such definition should include the general principles that owners of the networks that compose and provide access to the Internet should not control how consumers lawfully use that network, and they should not be able to discriminate against content provider access to that network.
Date: July 2, 2014
Creator: Gilroy, Angele A.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
open access

Across-the-Board Rescissions in Appropriations Acts: Overview and Recent Practices

Description: This report provides information on the main components of across-the-board rescissions and recent practices since FY2008. The annual appropriations process reqires an agreement on the level of funding for individual items or accounts but also with regard to the total amount of discretionary budget authority that will be provided for that fiscal year. If that agreed-upon amount requires a reduction in budget authority and sufficient reductions are not associated with individual programs, an al… more
Date: September 2, 2015
Creator: Tollestrup, Jessica
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
open access

Affordable Care Act (ACA) and the Appropriations Process: FAQs Regarding Potential Legislative Changes and Effects of a Government Shutdown

Description: This report provides background information on the Affordable Care Act (ACA). It discusses the ACA and the annual appropriations process and the potential impact of a shutdown on ACA implementation.
Date: October 2, 2013
Creator: Redhead, C. S.; Tollestrup, Jessica; Liu, Edward C. & Brass, Clinton T.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
open access

Afghanistan: Government Formation and Performance

Description: This report discusses the current political state of Afghanistan, as well as the Afghan government. This report also discusses Afghanistan's relationship with the United States, particularly U.S. efforts to urge President Hamid Karzai to address corruption within the Afghan government.
Date: March 2, 2009
Creator: Katzman, Kenneth
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
open access

African American Members of the United States Congress: 1870-2009

Description: This report discusses the history and current status of African Americans in Congress. There are 42 African American Members serving in the 111th Congress, 41 in the House of Representatives and one in the Senate. There have been 125 African American Members of Congress: 119 have been elected to the House; five have been elected to the Senate; and one has been appointed to the Senate. There have been 98 Democrats: 95 in the House, three in the Senate; and 27 Republicans: 24 in the House, three … more
Date: February 2, 2010
Creator: Manning, Jennifer E. & Shogan, Colleen J.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
open access

Air Quality Issues and Animal Agriculture: EPA's Air Compliance Agreement

Description: In an effort to collect scientifically credible data regarding the effect of animal agriculture on water resources (specifically animal waste and emissions from animal feeding operations (AFO), the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) in January 2005 announced the Air Compliance Agreement. The agreement is intended to produce air quality monitoring data on AFO emissions during a two-year study, while at the same time protecting participants through a “safe harbor” from liability under certain … more
Date: February 2, 2006
Creator: Copeland, Claudia
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
open access

Air Quality: Multi-Pollutant Legislation in the 110th Congress

Description: This report discusses air pollutants (petroleum, natural gas, and coal), which account for about two-thirds of U.S. electricity generation. These gases include several pollutants that directly pose risks to human health and welfare. The report also discusses the utilities that are subject to an array of environmental regulations.
Date: November 2, 2007
Creator: Parker, Larry B. & Blodgett, John E.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
open access

Alaska Natural Gas Pipelines: Interaction of the Natural Gas and Steel Markets

Description: In 1976, Congress approved legislation to establish the regulatory framework for building a pipeline to bring natural gas from the Alaska North Slope to the lower 48 states. This report focuses on two major issues or uncertainties that may serve as economic constraints on a capital investment undertaking of this major scale.
Date: November 2, 2006
Creator: Cooney, Stephen & Pirog, Robert
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
open access

Alcohol Use Among Youth

Description: Alcohol use by persons under age 21 has been identified as a major public health problem. Studies note that it increases the risks for disability, and may be detrimental to the developing brain. Minors who drink are more likely to commit suicide, break the law, or be victims of violence. Alcohol is implicated in nearly one-third of youth traffic fatalities. The total annual cost of underage drinking is estimated at $62 billion. While most laws intended to prevent underage drinking are passed at… more
Date: April 2, 2007
Creator: Sommers, Andrew R. & Sundararaman, Ramya
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
open access

Alien Legalization and Adjustment of Status: A Primer

Description: This report summarizes the main avenues for foreign nationals currently in the United States--legally or illegally--to become LPRs. Alien legalization or "amnesty," as well as adjustment of status and cancellation of removal options, are briefly discussed. Designed as a primer on the issues, the report provides references to other CRS products that track pertinent legislation and analyze these issues more fully.
Date: February 2, 2010
Creator: Wasem, Ruth Ellen
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
open access

Alternative Fuels and Advanced Technology Vehicles: Issues in Congress

Description: Key components of federal policies to reduce fuel consumption include the promotion of alternatives to petroleum fuels and the promotion of more efficient vehicles. This report provides an overview of current issues surrounding alternative fuels and advanced technology vehicles — issues discussed in further detail in other CRS reports referred to in each section.
Date: May 2, 2007
Creator: Yacobucci, Brent D.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
open access

Amendments to the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act (FISA) Set to Expire February 28, 2010

Description: The Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act (FISA) provides a statutory framework by which government agencies may, when gathering foreign intelligence investigation, obtain authorization to conduct electronic surveillance or physical searches, utilize pen registers and trap and trace devices, or access specified business records and other tangible things. This report discusses three sunsetting amendments of FISA which include the "Lone Wolf" provision, "roving" wiretaps, and access to business r… more
Date: March 2, 2010
Creator: Henning, Anna C. & Liu, Edward C.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
open access

American War and Military Operations Casualties: Lists and Statistics

Description: This report provides U.S. war casualty statistics. It includes data tables containing the number of casualties among American military personnel who served in principal wars and combat actions from 1775 to the present. It also includes data on those wounded in action and information such as race and ethnicity, gender, branch of service, and cause of death. The tables are compiled from various Department of Defense (DOD) sources.
Date: January 2, 2015
Creator: DeBruyne, Nese F. & Leland, Anne
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
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