# Search Results

open access

## Nuclear physics with a medium-energy Electron-Ion Collider

Description: A polarized ep/eA collider (Electron-Ion Collider, or EIC) with variable center-of-mass energy {radical}s {approx} 20-70 GeV and a luminosity {approx}10{sup 34} cm{sup -2} s{sup -1} would be uniquely suited to address several outstanding questions of Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD) and the microscopic structure of hadrons and nuclei: (i) the three-dimensional structure of the nucleon in QCD (sea quark and gluon spatial distributions, orbital motion, polarization, correlations); (ii) the fundamental color fields in nuclei (nuclear parton densities, shadowing, coherence effects, color transparency); (iii) the conversion of color charge to hadrons (fragmentation, parton propagation through matter, in-medium jets). We briefly review the conceptual aspects of these questions and the measurements that would address them, emphasizing the qualitatively new information that could be obtained with the collider. Such a medium-energy EIC could be realized at Jefferson Lab after the 12 GeV Upgrade (MEIC), or at Brookhaven National Lab as the low-energy stage of eRHIC.
Date: June 1, 2012
Creator: A. Accardi, V. Guzey, A. Prokudin, C. Weiss
open access

## Parallel Ion Energy Spread Due to Interaction With an Electron Bunch in the RHIC Electron Beam Cooling Solenoid

Description: N/A
Date: June 1, 2003
Creator: A., Hershcovitch
open access

## Feasibility Study of a 1.5-GeV Proton FFAG in the AGS Tunnel

Description: N/A
Date: June 1, 2004
Creator: A., Ruggiero
open access

## Local shielding requirements for the STAR detector

Description: No Description Available.
Date: June 1, 1992
Creator: A., Stevens
open access

## Evolution of Stress in ScD{sub 2}/Cr Thin Films Fabricated by Evaporation and High Temperature Reaction

Description: The stress of scandium dideuteride, ScD{sub 2}, thin films is investigated during each stage of vacuum processing including metal deposition via evaporation, reaction and cooldown. ScD{sub 2} films with thin Cr underlayers are fabricated on three different substrate materials: molybdenum-alumina cermet, single crystal sapphire and quartz. In all experiments, the evaporated Cr and Sc metal is relatively stress-free. However, reaction of scandium metal with deuterium at elevated temperature to form a stoichiometric dideuteride phase leads to a large compressive in-plane film stress. Compression during hydriding results from an increased atomic density compared with the as-deposited metal film. After reaction with deuterium, samples are cooled to ambient temperature, and a tensile stress develops due to mismatched coefficients of thermal expansion (CTE) of the substrate-film couple. The residual film stress and the propensity for films to crack during cooldown depends principally on the substrate material when using identical process parameters. Films deposited onto quartz substrates show evidence of stress relief during cooldown due to a large CTE misfit; this is correlated with crack nucleation and propagation within films. All ScD{sub 2} layers remain in a state of tension when cooled to 30 C. An in-situ, laser-based, wafer curvature sensor is designed and implemented for studies of ScD{sub 2} film stress during processing. This instrument uses a two-dimensional array of laser beams to noninvasively monitor stress during sample rotation and with samples stationary. Film stress is monitored by scattering light off the backside of substrates, i.e., side opposite of the deposition flux.
Date: June 1, 2001
Creator: ADAMS,DAVID P.; BROWN,LAURENCE E.; GOEKE,RONALD S.; ROMERO,JUAN A. & SILVA,ANDREW D.
open access

## EFFECTS OF IN-PLANE STRAIN ON ORBITAL ORDERING AND MAGNETISM IN LaMnO3 THIN FILM

Description: No Description Available.
Date: June 1, 2001
Creator: AHN, K. & MILLIS, A.
open access

## PARAMETERS FOR QUANTIFYING BEAM HALO

Description: Two different parameters for the quantitative description of beam halo are introduced, both based on moments of the particle distribution. One parameter is a measure of spatial halo formation and has been defined previously by Wangler and Crandall [3], termed the profile parameter. The second parameter relies on kinematic invariants to quantify halo formation in phase space; we call it the halo parameter. The profile parameter can be computed from experimental beam profile data. The halo parameter provides a theoretically more complete description of halo in phase space, but is difficult to obtain experimentally.
Date: June 1, 2001
Creator: ALLEN, C.K. & WANGLER, T.P.
open access

## EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE PROFILE ON REACTION VIOLENCE IN HEATED AND SELF-IGNITED PBX-9501

Description: No Description Available.
Date: June 1, 2001
Creator: ASAY, B.; DICKSON, P. & AL, ET
open access

## Power Technologies Data Book 2003 Edition

Description: The 2003 edition of this report, prepared by NREL's Energy Analysis Office, includes up-to-date information on power technologies, including complete technology profiles. The data book also contains charts on electricity restructuring, power technology forecasts and comparisons, electricity supply, electricity capability, electricity generation, electricity demand, prices, economic indicators, environmental indicators, conversion factors, and selected congressional questions and answers.
Date: June 1, 2004
Creator: Aabakken, J.
open access

## Measurement of b-jet Shapes in Inclusive Jet Production in p anti-p Collisions at s**(1/2) = 1.96-TeV

Description: We present a measurement of the shapes of b-jets using 300 pb{sup -1} of data obtained with the upgraded Collider Detector at Fermilab (CDF II) in p{bar p} collisions at center of mass energy {radical}s = 1.96 TeV. This measurement covers a wide transverse momentum range, from 52 to 300 GeV/c. Samples of heavy-flavor enhanced jets together with inclusive jets are used to extract the average shapes of b-jets. The b-jets are expected to be broader than inclusive jets. Moreover, b-jets containing a single b-quark are expected to be narrower than those containing a b{bar b} pair from gluon splitting. The measured b-jet shapes are found to be significantly broader than expected from the pythia and HERWIG Monte Carlo simulations. This effect may arise from an underestimation of the fraction of b-jets originating from gluon splitting in these simulations.
Date: June 1, 2008
Creator: Aaltonen, T.
open access

## Measurement of the p anti-p ---> t anti-t production cross- section and the top quark mass at s**(1/2) = 1.96-TeV in the all-hadronic decay mode

Description: We report the measurements of the t{bar t} production cross section and of the top quark mass using 1.02 fb{sup -1} of p{bar p} data collected with the CDF II detector at the Fermilab Tevatron. We select events with six or more jets on which a number of kinematical requirements are imposed by means of a neural network algorithm. At least one of these jets must be identified as initiated by a b-quark candidate by the reconstruction of a secondary vertex. The cross section is measured to be {sigma}{sub t{bar t}} = 8.3 {+-} 1.0(stat. ){sup +2.0}{sub -1.5}(syst.) {+-} 0.5(lumi.) pb, which is consistent with the standard model prediction. The top quark mass of 174.0 {+-} 2.2(stat.){+-}4.8(syst.) GeV/c{sup 2} is derived from a likelihood fit incorporating reconstructed mass distributions representative of signal and background.
Date: June 1, 2007
Creator: Aaltonen, T.; Abulencia, A.; Phys., /Helsinki Inst. of; Adelman, J.; /Illinois U., Urbana; Affolder, Anthony Allen et al.
open access

## Forward-Backward Asymmetry in Top Quark Production in ppbar Collisions at sqrt{s}=1.96 TeV

Description: Reconstructable final state kinematics and charge assignment in the reaction p{bar p} {yields} t{bar t} allows tests of discrete strong interaction symmetries at high energy. We define frame dependent forward-backward asymmetries for the outgoing top quark in both the p{bar p} and t{bar t} rest frames, correct for experimental distortions, and derive values at the parton-level. Using 1.9 fb{sup -1} of p{bar p} collisions at {radical}s = 1.96 TeV recorded with the CDF II detector at the Fermilab Tevatron, we measure forward-backward top quark production asymmetries in the p{bar p} and t{bar t} rest frames of A{sub FB}{sup p{bar p}} = 0.17 {+-} 0.08 and A{sub FB}{sup t{bar t}} = 0.24 {+-} 0.14.
Date: June 1, 2008
Creator: Aaltonen, T.; Adelman, J.; Akimoto, T.; Albrow, M. G.; Alvarez Gonzalez, B.; Amerio, S. et al.
open access

## Measurement of the Top Quark Mass Using the Invariant Mass of Lepton Pairs in Soft Muon b-tagged Events

Description: We present the first measurement of the mass of the top quark in a sample of t{bar t} {yields} {ell}{bar {nu}}b{bar b}q{bar q} events (where {ell} = e, {mu}) selected by identifying jets containing a muon candidate from the semileptonic decay of heavy-flavor hadrons (soft muon b-tagging). The p{bar p} collision data used corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 2 fb{sup -1} and was collected by the CDF II detector at the Fermilab Tevatron. The measurement is based on a novel technique exploiting the invariant mass of a subset of the decay particles, specifically the lepton from the W boson of the t {yields} Wb decay, and the muon from a semileptonic b decay. We fit template histograms, derived from simulation of t{bar t} events and a modeling of the background, to the mass distribution observed in the data and measure a top quark mass of 180.5 {+-} 12.0(stat.) {+-} 3.6(syst.) GeV/c{sup 2}, consistent with the current world average.
Date: June 1, 2009
Creator: Aaltonen, T.; Adelman, Jahred A.; Akimoto, T.; Alvarez Gonzalez, B.; Amerio, S.; Amidei, Dante E. et al.
open access

## Search for Higgs bosons predicted in two-Higgs-doublet models via decays to tau lepton pairs in 1.96-TeV p anti-p collisions

Description: We present the results of a search for Higgs bosons predicted in two-Higgs-doublet models, in the case where the Higgs bosons decay to tau lepton pairs, using 1.8 fb{sup -1} of integrated luminosity of p{bar p} collisions recorded by the CDF II experiment at the Fermilab Tevatron. Studying the mass distribution in events where one or both tau leptons decay leptonically, no evidence for a Higgs boson signal is observed. The result is used to infer exclusion limits in the two-dimensional space of tan {beta} versus m{sub A} (the ratio of the vaccum expectation values of the two Higgs doublets and the mass of the pseudoscalar boson, respectively).
Date: June 1, 2009
Creator: Aaltonen, T.; Adelman, Jahred A.; Akimoto, T.; Alvarez Gonzalez, B.; Amerio, S.; Amidei, Dante E. et al.
open access

## Diffractive Dijet Production in $\bar{p}p$ Collisions at $\sqrt{s}=1.96$ TeV

Description: We report on a study of diffractive dijet production in {bar p}p collisions at {radical}s = 1.96 TeV using the CDF II detector at the Fermilab Tevatron {bar p}p collider. A data sample from 310 pb{sup -1} of integrated luminosity collected by triggering on a high transverse energy jet, E{sub T}{sup jet}, in coincidence with a recoil antiproton detected in a Roman pot spectrometer is used to measure the ratio of single-diffractive to inclusive-dijet event rates as a function of x{sup {bar p}} of the interacting parton in the antiproton, the Bjorken-x, x{sub Bj}{sup {bar p}}, and a Q{sup 2} {approx} (E{sub T}{sup jet}){sup 2} in the ranges 10{sup -3} &lt; x{sub Bj}{sup {bar p}} &lt; 10{sup -1} and 10{sup 2} &lt; Q{sup 2} &lt; 10{sup 4} GeV{sup 2}, respectively. Results are presented for the region of {bar p}-momentum-loss fraction 0.03 &lt; {zeta}{sub {bar p}} &lt; 0.09 and a four-momentum transfer squared t{sub {bar p}} &gt; -4 GeV{sup 2}. The t{sub {bar p}} dependence is measured as a function of Q{sup 2} and x{sub Bj}{sup {bar p}} and compared with that of inclusive single diffraction dissociation. We find weak x{sub Bj}{sup bar p}} and Q{sup 2} dependencies in the ratio of single diffractive to inclusive event rates, and no significant Q{sup 2} dependence in the diffractive t{sub {bar p}} distributions.
Date: June 1, 2012
Creator: Aaltonen, T.; Albrow, M.; Alvarez Gonzalez, B.; Amerio, S.; Amidei, D.; Anastassov, A. et al.
open access

## Search for New Particles Leading to Z+jets Final States in p anti-p Collisions at s**(1/2) = 1.96-TeV

Description: We present the results of a search for new particles that lead to a Z boson plus jets in p{bar p} collisions at {radical}s = 1.96 TeV using the Collider Detector at Fermilab (CDF II). A data sample with a luminosity of 1.06 fb{sup -1} collected using Z boson decays to ee and {mu}{mu} is used. We describe a completely data-based method to predict the dominant background from standard-model Z+jet events. This method can be similarly applied to other analyses requiring background predictions in multi-jet environments, as shown when validating the method by predicting the background from W+jets in t{bar t} production. No significant excess above the background prediction is observed, and a limit is set using a fourth generation quark model to quantify the acceptance. Assuming BR(b{prime} {yields} bZ) = 100% and using a leading-order calculation of the b{prime} cross section, b{prime} quark masses below 268 GeV/c2 are excluded at 95% confidence level.
Date: June 1, 2007
Creator: Aaltonen, T.; Phys., /Helsinki Inst. of; Abulencia, A.; /Illinois U., Urbana; Adelman, J.; U., /Chicago et al.
open access

## Exclusion of an Exotic Top Quark with -4/3 Electric Charge Using Soft Lepton Tagging

Description: We present a measurement of the electric charge of the top quark using p{bar p} collisions corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 2.7 fb{sup -1} at the CDF II detector. We reconstruct t{bar t} events in the lepton+jets final state and use kinematic information to determine which b-jet is associated with the leptonically- or hadronically-decaying t-quark. Soft lepton taggers are used to determine the b-jet flavor. Along with the charge of the W boson decay lepton, this information permits the reconstruction of the top quark's electric charge. Out of 45 reconstructed events with 2.4 {+-} 0.8 expected background events, 29 are reconstructed as tt with the standard model +2/3 charge, whereas 16 are reconstructed as t{bar t} with an exotic -4/3 charge. This is consistent with the standard model and excludes the exotic scenario at 95% confidence level. This is the strongest exclusion of the exotic charge scenario and the first to use soft leptons for this purpose.
Date: June 1, 2010
Creator: Aaltonen, T.; Phys., /Helsinki Inst. of; Adelman, J.; /Chicago U., EFI; Alvarez Gonzalez, B.; Phys., /Oviedo U. /Cantabria Inst. of et al.
open access

## Search for a Higgs Boson in W H --> l nu b anti-b in p anti-p Collisions at s**(1/2) = 1.96 TeV

Description: We present a search for a standard model Higgs boson produced in association with a W boson using 2.7 fb{sup -1} of integrated luminosity of p{bar p} collision data taken at {radical}s = 1.96 TeV. Limits on the Higgs boson production rate are obtained for masses between 100 GeV/c{sup 2} and 150 GeV/c{sup 2}. Through the use of multivariate techniques, the analysis achieves an observed (expected) 95% confidence level upper limit of 5.6 (4.8) times the theoretically expected production cross section for a standard model Higgs boson with a mass of 115 GeV/c{sup 2}.
Date: June 1, 2009
Creator: Aaltonen, T.; Phys., /Helsinki Inst. of; Adelman, Jahred A.; /Chicago U., EFI; Akimoto, T.; U., /Tsukuba et al.
open access

## Searching the Inclusive Lepton + Photon + Missing E(T) + b-quark Signature for Radiative Top Quark Decay and Non-Standard-Model Processes

Description: In a search for new phenomena in a signature suppressed in the standard model of elementary particles (SM), we compare the inclusive production of events containing a lepton ({ell}), a photon ({gamma}), significant transverse momentum imbalance (E{sub T}), and a jet identified as containing a b-quark, to SM predictions. The search uses data produced in proton-antiproton collisions at {radical}s = 1.96 TeV corresponding to 1.9 fb{sup -1} of integrated luminosity taken with the CDF detector at the Fermilab Tevatron. We find 28 {ell}{gamma}bE{sub T} events versus an expectation of 31.0{sub -3.5}{sup +4.1} events. If we further require events to contain at least three jets and large total transverse energy, simulations predict that the largest SM source is top-quark pair production with an additional radiated photon, t{bar t} + {gamma}. In the data we observe 16 t{bar t}{gamma} candidate events versus an expectation from non-top-quark SM sources of 11.2{sub -2.1}{sup +2.3}. Assuming the difference between the observed number and the predicted non-top-quark total is due to SM top quark production, we estimate the t{bar t} cross section to be 0.15 {+-} 0.08 pb.
Date: June 1, 2009
Creator: Aaltonen, T.; Phys., /Helsinki Inst. of; Adelman, Jahred A.; /Chicago U., EFI; Akimoto, T.; U., /Tsukuba et al.
open access

## BIGFLOW: A numerical code for simulating flow in variably saturated, heterogeneous geologic media. Theory and users manaual, Version 1.1

Description: This report documents BIGFLOW 1.1, a numerical code for simulating flow in variably saturated heterogeneous geologic media. It contains the underlying mathematical and numerical models, test problems, benchmarks, and applications of the BIGFLOW code. The BIGFLOW software package is composed of a simulation and an interactive data processing code (DATAFLOW). The simulation code solves linear and nonlinear porous media flow equations based on Darcys law, appropriately generalized to account for 3D, deterministic, or random heterogeneity. A modified Picard Scheme is used for linearizing unsaturated flow equations, and preconditioned iterative methods are used for solving the resulting matrix systems. The data processor (DATAFLOW) allows interactive data entry, manipulation, and analysis of 3D datasets. The report contains analyses of computational performance carried out using Cray-2 and Cray-Y/MP8 supercomputers. Benchmark tests include comparisons with other independently developed codes, such as PORFLOW and CMVSFS, and with analytical or semi-analytical solutions.
Date: June 1, 1993
Creator: Ababou, R. & Bagtzoglou, A. C.
open access

## Measurement of the electroweak asymmetry in the reaction e/sup +/e/sup -/. -->. tau/sup +/tau/sup -/ at 29 GeV

Description: This paper reports the electroweak asymmetry in the reaction e/sup +/e/sup -/ ..-->.. tau/sup +/tau/sup -/ at 29 GeV. The results came from data taken with the High Resolution Spectrometer at PEP corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 256 pb/sup -1/. The 7372 observed events give A/sub tau tau/ = -(4.4 +- 1.4 +- 0.5)%. Events selected in the central region of the detector measure a total cross section of R/sub tau tau/ = 1.06 +- 0.02 +- 0.04. 5 refs., 1 fig.
Date: June 1, 1986
Creator: Abachi, S.; Akerlof, C.; Baringer, P.; Blockus, D.; Brabson, B.; Brom, J. M. et al.
open access

## Multiplicity distributions in e/sup +/e/sup -/ annihilation at 29 GeV: a comparison with hadronic data

Description: The charged particle multiplicity distributions for single jets in e/sup +/e/sup -/ annihilation at 29 GeV have been measured using the High Resolution Spectrometer at PEP. The shape of the distribution agrees well with a Poisson distribution. No correlation is observed between the multiplicities in the two jets of an event. For fixed values of the prong number of the total event, the multiplicity sharing between the two jets is in good agreement with a binomial distribution. These observations are contrasted to the results from soft hadronic collisions and conclusions are drawn about the nature of clusters. 21 refs., 4 figs.
Date: June 1, 1986
Creator: Abachi, S.; Akerlof, C.; Baringer, P.; Blockus, D.; Brabson, B.; Brom, J. M. et al.
open access

## Combined approach to the inverse protein folding problem. Final report

Description: The main scientific contribution of the project ''Combined approach to the inverse protein folding problem'' submitted in 1996 and funded by the Department of Energy in 1997 is the formulation and development of the idea of the multilink recognition method for identification of functional and structural homologues of newly discovered genes. This idea became very popular after they first announced it and used it in prediction of the threading targets for the CASP2 competition (Critical Assessment of Structure Prediction).
Date: June 1, 2000
Creator: Abagyan, Ruben A.
open access

## Direct observation of the strange b baryon Xi(b)-

Description: No Description Available.
Date: June 1, 2007
Creator: Abazov, V. M.; Abbott, B.; Abolins, M.; Acharya, B. S.; Adams, M.; Adams, T. et al.