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0-2 kv Flash Tube Supplies: In order to perform the various experiments with a bubble chamber, a high intensity flash tube is used. This report briefly describes the power supplies designed and constructed to power these lamps.
6 kv Capacitor Charging Supply: The power supplies designed and constructed to power high intensity flash tubes used in bubble chamber experiments are briefly described and are accompanied by a schematic diagram of the layout. (D.C.W.)
20-ton HE Cratering Experiments in Desert Alluvium: Final Report, May 1962: From abstract and summary: Project Stagecoach consisted of the detonation of three 40,000-pound charges. Blocks of cast TNT were stacked to resemble a sphere and, the whole center-detonated.
100-N Decontamination Facility Design Guide.: Space has been reserved near the southeast corner of the 100-N Area for the 122-N Decontamination Facility. Previous correspondence between Burns and Roe, Inc and General Electric bae discussed various facilities which might be needed in the building. The concepts of the decontamination processes are under active development by research groups at Hanford. At present, there are several workable processes known; each one has one or more fairly serious drawbacks.
The 4K ANGIE Code: The ANGIE, one of a series of reactor neutronic programs for an IBM 709 or 7090 data processing system, solves the time-dependent, multi-group, neutron diffusion equation for 1 to 26 energy groups applied to a rectangular mesh superimposed on either an x-y or an r-z plane.
Accurate Nuclear Fuel Burnup Analyses; Ninth Quarterly Progress Report, (December 1963 - February 1964): The objective of the Accurate Nuclear Fuel Burnup Analyses program is to develop more accurate methods for burnup analysis for general use than the current method of analysis of Ca-137 or Sr-90. The program will require from three to five years of effort.
Adaptation of a Commercial Counter X-Ray Diffractometer for Investigations to 3000°C: The rapid advances in many technologically important areas have not only served to accentuate the increased demands for high temperature metals and ceramics but have necessitated a more through knowledge of their physical properties when exposed to high temperature service. Toward this latter end, the use of X-ray diffraction has proved an invaluable tool in providing data of regions of thermal stability, expansion coefficients, solid solubility limits, and phase transformations by direct examination at temperature. Since this Laboratory has for some time now been engaged in the study of refractory nuclear materials, it was thought desirable to employ and possibly extend this technique to temperatures ranging up to 3000°C. This communication will describe the equipment developed for this purpose, with experimental results to be described in subsequent publications.
Advanced Indirect Cycle Water Reactor Studies for Maritime Applications: Part 2. Plant Conceptual Studies: Second part of the "final report of a study directed toward the evolution, design, and demonstration of the principle design features of interim indirect cycle water cooled and moderated nuclear power plants which will be useful in early cooperative programs between the Atomic Energy Commission and the United States maritime industry" (p. II-i).
An Advanced Sodium-Graphite Reactor Nuclear Power Plant: Abstract: This report describes an advanced sodium-cooled, graphite-moderated nuclear power plant which utilizes high-pressure, high-temperature steam to generate electricity at a high thermal efficiency.
AEC Fuel Cycle Program Design and Fabrication of Special Assembly 9-L : Irradiation Performance Test of UO2-Cermet Fuel: Technical report describing a UO2-Mo cermet fuel assembly fabricated for long-term irradiation performance testing in the Vallecitos Boiling water Reactor. The design and fabrication histories of this assembly are described and pre-irradiation data on each individual rod are presented. Molybdenum was added to improve the bulk thermal conductivity of the fuel, so that fuel temperatures would remain comparatively low during high-power level operation of the fuel element. The molybdenum was incorporated into the compacts either as fibers or as a thin coating on individual UO2 particles. Fuel pellets were produced from these materials by vacuum hot pressing. The distribution of the molybdenum in both types of cermet fuels appeared favorable to good heat transfer. The fibers were oriented predominantly in the radial planes of the pellet as a result of the uni-directional compaction during the hot-pressing operation. In the pellets made from the coated particles, a continuous network of molybdenum occurred as a result of the coating welding together during the hot-pressing operation. The test assembly contains eight fuel rods; three contain UO2-Mo cermet, three contain the cermet produced from the coated particles, and two are for reference and contain the conventional sintered UO2 pellet fuel. The nominal outside diameter of the fuel rods is 1.308 cm (0.515 inch), and the clad wall thickness if 0.051 cm (0.020 inch). the cladding material is Type-304 stainless steel. The fuel pellets were all centerless ground to achieve a uniform outside diameter and thereby control the pellet-to-clad diametral clearance within a range of 0.076 to 0.102 mm (0.003 to 0.004 inch). Operation of the fuel rods will be at high specific power levels with surface heat fluxes of about 157 W/cm(2) (~500,000 Btu/h-ft(2)). The assembly was designed for a lifetime of 4.1 x 10(20) fission/cc (15,000 MWD/T) exposure.
Aerial Radiological Monitoring System Part 4: Equipment and Procedures Through Fiscal Year 1966: From abstract: "This report describes the Aerial Radiological Measuring System (ARMS-II) operated by EG&G, Inc., for the Division of Biology and Medicine, U. S. Atomic Energy Commission."
Aeroradioactivity Survey and Areal Geology of the Hanford Plant Area, Washington and Oregon (ARMS-I): Report regarding an airborne gamma-radioactivity survey that took place over a 9,000 square mile area in south-central Washington and north-central Oregon. Topics include the types of bedrock noted in the area as well as their levels of radioactivity.
Aeroradioactivity Survey and Areal Geology of the National Reactor Testing Station Area, Idaho (ARMS-I): Report regarding an airborne radioactivity survey that took place in the 10,000 square mile area surrounding the National Reactor Testing Station in Idaho Falls, Idaho. Topics include the types of bedrock noted in the area as well as their levels of radioactivity.
Aeroradioactivity Survey and Areal Geology of the Oak Ridge National Laboratory Area, Tennessee and Kentucky (ARMS-I): Report regarding an airborne radioactivity survey that took place over a 10,000 square mile area around the Oak Ridge National Laboratory near Knoxville, Tennesse. Topics include the types of bedrock noted in the area as well as their levels of radioactivity.
Aeroradioactivity Survey and Geology of Puerto Rico (ARMS-I): Report containing an aeroradioactivity survey of Puerto Rico made on behalf of the Division of Biology and Medicine, United States Atomic Energy Commission. Topics include the types of bedrock noted in the area as well as their levels of radioactivity.
Alternating Direction and Semi-Explicit Difference Methods for Parabolic Partial Differential Equations: "The energy method is applied to study the stability of two types of difference approximations to parabolic partial differential equations, the alternating direction methods Douglas, Peaceman, and Rachford, and a new semi- explicit method. Each difference scheme is proved to be unconditionally stable. These results apply to parabolic equations with variable coefficients, defined in cylindrical domains with an essentially arbitrary bounded base."
Alternating Gradient Magnets: The angle by which a magnet deflects the trajectory of a particle in the x-z plane is proportional to the integral [integral not transcribed] taken over the trajectory wherever B≠0. Alternating gradient focusing is achieved by designing magnets so that I=I(x) varies linearly with x over a suitable x interval. Usually this is done by shaping the poles to give a linear variation of By with x while keeping the length of the magnet constant for different x. Certain advantaged may be gained by varying the effective length of the magnet with x and keeping By constant so that the integral varies properly with x. Figure 1 shows several such poles for which the trajectory length, and hence the integral (1), varies approximately from 2/3 to 4/3 of the mean value.
The Anadarko Basin (of parts of Oklahoma, Texas, Kansas, and Colorado): Abstract: This report is a synthesis of published and unpublished data on the rocks of the Anadarko basin.
Analog Computer Studies of the ML-1 Power Plant: From introduction: The main objective of the AGCRSP is to develop plans and specifications for a mobile nuclear power plant suitable for military field use.
Analytical and Experimental Investigation of a Nuclear Reactor Support Structure: Report containing experiments regarding the slopes and deflections of different grid support structures for a nuclear reactor.
Annual Progress Report on Fuel Element Development for Fiscal Year 1961: Report that reviews the yearly progress made in Reactor Fuel and Materials Development Program at the Engineering Test Reactor (ETR) and Materials testing reactor (MTR).
Appendices to: An Assessment of Large Nuclear Powered Sea Water Distillation Plants: Series of five appendices to accompany a report about nuclear-powered seawater distillation plants including case studies, financial assessment, evaluations of water markets in California, and other compiled information and documentation.
Application of Electron-Bombardment Heating for Boiling Liquid Metals: Report discussing the "problem of obtaining a curve of the heat flux vs. temperature difference for boiling liquid metals" (p. 3). Contains discussions of a variety of heating techniques, though it focuses on electron-bombardment heating.
Automatic Indexing: A State-of-the-Art Report: Report presenting a state-of-the-art survey of automatic indexing systems and experiments. It was conducted by the Research Information Center and Advisory Service on Information Processing, Information Technology Division, Institute for Applied Technology, National Bureau of Standards. Consideration is first given to indexes compiled by or with the aid of machines, including citation indexes. Advantages, disadvantages, and possibilities for modification and improvement are discussed. Experiments in automatic assignment indexing are summarized. Related research efforts in such areas as automatic classification and categorization, computer use of thesauri, statistical association techniques, and linguistic data processing are described. A major question is that of evaluation, particularly in view of evidence of human inter-indexer inconsistency. It is concluded that indexes based on words extracted from text are practical for many purposes today.
Automatic Mass Spectrometer for Isotopic Analysis of Lithium: Report discussing an improvement program on lithium mass spectrometers.
Automatic Recording Unit: From abstract: The PT-750 is designed to be used in conjunction with a production tester which requires automatic recording of test data. This manual provides a source of procedures and reference material necessary in automatic recording and in use of the PT-750.
Automatic Solution of Optimum Design Problems on a Digital Computer: A description is given of a method suitable for the automatic solution of certain optimum design problems on a digital computer for cases where the number of constraints imposed on the design is not greater than the number of design variables. The problem is transformed to one requiring the minimization or maximization of an unconstrained function, for which a gradient method is used.
Bimetallic Casting: "The purposes of the program being conducted under the present contract are: 1) To determine the feasibility of cladding zirconium on uranium by a direct casting process. 2) To investigate the diffusion of liquid metals in the fusion zone."
The Blast Cleaning Process as an Aid to Visual Weld Inspection: Late in 1958 it became apparent that some fuel elements were failing in the Hanford reactors as a result of water entering through the weld. The mode of entry appeared to be first through a void in the weld, then through a non-wet area or a train of voids in the braze, and finally to the uranium core. Defective closures of a similar nature were also typical of many fuel elements which have failed in the autoclaving operation as shown in Figure 1.
A Bubble Chamber Track-Centering Device with Digitized Output: Technical report describing "A means for automatically determining the coordinates of a point at the center of a bubble chamber track." from the abstract.
Calibration Procedures for Direct-Current Resistance Apparatus: From Object and Scope of This Paper: "This paper describes the apparatus and procedures used at the National Bureau of Standards for the measurement of d-c resistance when an accuracy of a few parts in a million is required. The object will be to explain procedures in detail and as simply as possible, with a minimum reference to theory."
Cell Population Kinetics of an Osteogenetic Tissue, I: Cell proliferation on the actively growing periosteal surface of the femur of rabbits aged two weeks, has been investigated using autoradiographic techniques. Injections of tritiated glycine and tritiated thymidine were given simultaneously and the animals sacrificed at intervals from one hour to 5 days after injection. The glycine labelled the position of the bone surface at the time of injection and the thymidine labelled the cells which were synthesizing DNA . The rate of increase in the cell population was determined by counting the number of cells beyond the glycine label at different times after injection. The cell kinetics of the fibroblast--pre-osteoblast--osteoblast--osteocyte system has been studied. The fibroblasts are relatively unimportant from the point of view of increase in the cell population. The main site of cell proliferation is the layer of preosteoblasts on the periosteal surface. The rate of movement of cells from the pre-osteoblast to the osteoblast and osteocyte compartments has been measured. The incorporation of osteoblasts into the bone is not a random process, but it appears that the osteoblast must spend a certain time on the periosteal surface before becoming either an osteocyte or a relatively inactive osteoblast lining a haversian canal. During its most active period on the periosteal surface it was estimated that on an average, an osteoblast produces 2 or 3 times its own volume of matrix.
Cell Population Kinetics of an Osteogenetic Tissue, II: A study of the cell kinetics on the actively growing periosteal surface of the femur of rabbits ages two weeks has been continues. A single injection of tritiated thymidine was given and the rabbits killed from one hour to four days after injection. The grain count spectra of the different cell types, pre-osteoblast, osteoblast and osteocyte, have been compared at different times after injection. The results showed evidence for the uptake of thymidine in nuclei which is not associated with cell division. A small percentage of osteoblasts was initially labelled at one hour and there was evidence that the majority of these had not divided by 3 or 4 days after injection. Some thymidine labelled cells had also become osteocytes without division. Furthermore, it appeared that a considerable fraction of the initially labelled pre-osteoblasts did not divide. The S-period for the pre-osteoblasts and osteoblasts was measured using a double-labelled thymidine technique.
Chemical Development Section C Progress Report for October-November 1960: Studies are being made on the recovery of thorium (and uranium) from granitic rock, since this source represents a very large potential thorium reserve for the nuclear power industry. In preliminary leaching studies on 16 granite samples (containing 8-95 ppm thorium and 1.5-16 ppm uranium), maximum recoveries of thorium and uranium ranged 30-85% and 15-65% respectively, and sulfuric acid consumption was high (30-120 lbs H2SO4 per ton of granite). A relatively high acidity was needed to obtain rapid and efficient dissolution of the soluble thorium fraction. The cost of treating granite was estimated at $3.50-5.20 per ton, variations within this range being dependent primarily on differences in acid consumption for different granites. Estimated costs per pound of thorium plus uranium recovered ranged $30-500.
The Cold Pressing of Sinterable UO₂: The intent of this work was to explore more fully the pressing of sinterable UO2 powders into cylindrical compacts in the hope that a more precise prediction of green density in terms of powder properties, pressure, and geometry could be evolved.
Conductive Flooring for Hospital Operating Rooms: Report issued by the Bureau of Standards over studies on the importance of conductive flooring in hospitals. Types of conductive flooring are compared, and tested. The methods and results are presented, and discussed. This report includes tables, illustrations, and photographs.
Containment in Cusped Plasma Systems: "A survey of the current theoretical picture of plasma containment in cusped magnetic configurations is presented together with a mention of the points of contact which exist or might soon be made to exist with experiment. A theory of containment was developed which is applicable to the whole range of plasma densities from a tenuous plasma in an essentially vacuum magnetic field to a fully developed plasma which completely excludes the magnetic field from its interior. Also presented are cursory accounts of the situation with regard to stability, cyclotron radiation, and methods of creating this type of plasma configuration."
Contribution of Neutral Pions to Photon-Proton Scattering: "The correction to photon-photon scattering processes due to the existence of the particles other than electrons is reported. The correction is of the same order in the electric charge as the lowest order term in the perturbation expansion in quantum electrodynamics, although the relevant corrections to the electron-photon and electron-electron scattering are all of higher order."
Corrosion of the Volatility Pilot Plant INOR-8 Hydrofluorinator and Nickel 201 Fluorinator During Forty Fuel-Pprocessing Runs with Zirconium-Uranium Alloy: Report documenting the corrosion of fluorinators of the Oak Ridge National Laboratory's volatility pilot plant. Includes descriptions of the fluorinators, their operating environments, and the results of their corrosion.
Cost Estimation for Nuclear Reprocessing Plants : a Comparison of Methods: A comparison of methods of capital cost estimation used for nuclear fuel reprocessing plants shows that, because of the special nature and complexity of such plants, cost estimation methods for conventional chemical plants involving the use of cost factors are not applicable and will give low estimates. Cost factors which are available from other countries where reprocessing plants are installed should be used with caution since those factors apply only for the particular design philosophy used and pertain to industrial conditions which are different in this county. Capital cost estimation methods involving direct take-offs from detailed design drawings are necessary to obtain reliable estimates. The methods of estimating operating costs for nuclear reprocessing and conventional chemical plants are similar.
Crater Measurements: From abstract: Based upon the results of Project Pre-Schooner new cratering curves for basalt have been developed. The deepest detonation Charlie, produced a mound of broken rock and earth that had a crater-like depression in its center entirely above the preshot ground surface.
Craters From Four Equal Charges in a Horizontal Square Array: Craters were observed resulting from square arrays of 64-pound charges at various spacings and depths. The closest spacings yielded craters very like those from single 256-pound charges, while wider spacings yielded craters more or less square in shape and with a mound or pier at the center. Generally, the areas so uncovered were greater than for single 256-pound charges, except for very deep charges. Volumes, too, were enhanced by this configuration by as much as a factor of three. If the same factor is maintained for nuclear charges, the cost per unit volume of a crater from such an array will be within 20 percent of that for a single charge.
Creep and Drying Shrinkage of Lightweight and Normal-Weight Concretes: From Scope of Investigation: "The work reported here is part of a continuing program concerning the long-term volume changes in concretes made from lightweight and normal-weight aggregates. The creep, drying-shrinkage, and strength data presented are for concretes made with 24 expanded shale lightweight aggregates and 5 natural, normal-weight aggregates. These aggregates were from widely separated geographical locations and were to be representative samples of aggregates being used in the production of structural concretes."
Critical Pressure Ratio for a Nozzle with Two-Phase Fog Flow: In many cases of analysis of two-phase flow in systems, considerable computation or program time could be saved if the critical pressures ratio were known. If a reservoir or plenum pressure is fixed, the usual computational procedure involves the assumption of several critical pressures and the generation of several momentum terms to find the applicable critical pressure ratio and thereby the critical flow. The formulation of an equation of state make it possible to compute critical pressure ratios directly.
Crystalline Field Splittings in Holmium and Dysprosium Ethylsulfates: From report : "It has become apparent that pragmatic resonance data alone are insufficient to correctly evaluate crystal field parameters for rare-earth ethylsulfates, and that heat capacity data above 20°K are a useful aid in determining whether low lying levels obtained by absorption spectroscopy have been correctly identified."
Data Book: Physical Properties and Flow Characteristics of Air: Data book to used as an aid in calculations on physical properties and flow characteristics of air.
Delayed Failure Hydrogen Embrittlement of Zirconium: Quarterly Report Number 2, December 1961 - March 1962: Abstract: "The purpose of this investigation is to determine the extent to which zirconium and zirconium alloys exhibit delayed failure (static fatigue) as caused by a combination of absorbed hydrogen and applied stress. Both notched and unnotched specimens of unalloyed zirconium and Zircaloy-2 have been hydrogenated to 200 ppm by means of a modified Sieverts apparatus; specimens were evaluated at room temperature. Thus far, no time-dependent fracture has been observed which can be attributed to the delayed failure phenomenon; it appears that these materials are relatively insensitive to static fatigue. The effects of grain size, temperature, cold deformation, and superheated water and steam corrosion on susceptibility to delayed failure are being determined."
Demineralization of Saline Water by Electrically-Induced Adsorption on Porous Carbon Electrodes: Report containing information regarding the demineralization of water via carbon electrodes. Includes steps taken in the experiment, advancements made in the types of carbon material used, and cost estimates.
Demineralization of Saline Water by Electrically-Induced Adsorption on Porous Carbon Electrodes: Report containing information regarding the demineralization of water via carbon electrodes. Includes steps taken in the experiment, advancements made in the types of carbon material used, and cost estimates.
Demineralization of Saline Water by Electrically-Induced Adsorption on Porous Carbon Electrodes: Report containing the summation of the desalination studies carried out by The University of Oklahoma Research Institute, including their theories of carbon demineralization, electrode development, and the cost estimates for a demineralization plant.

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