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open access

Aerodynamics of Rotating-Wing Aircraft With Blade-Pitch Control

Description: "In the present report, with the aid of the usual computation methods, a rotor is investigated the pitch of whose blades is capable of being controlled in such a manner that it varies linearly with the flapping angle. To test the effect of this linkage on the aircraft performance, the theory is applied to an illustrative example" (p. 1).
Date: February 1940
Creator: Pflüger, A.
open access

Application of the Methods of Gas Dynamics to Water Flows With Free Surface 1: Flows With No Energy Dissipation

Description: The application is treated in sufficient detail to facilitate as much as possible its application by the engineer who is less familiar with the subject. The present work was undertaken with two objects in view. In the first place, it is considered as a contribution to the water analogy of gas flows, and secondly, a large portion is devoted to the general theory of the two-dimensional supersonic flows.
Date: March 1940
Creator: Preiswerk, Ernst
open access

Application of the Methods of Gas Dynamics to Water Flows With Free Surface 2: Flows With Momentum Discontinuities (Hydraulic Jumps)

Description: In this paper an introduction to shock polar diagrams is given which then leads into an examination of water depths in hydraulic jumps. Energy loss during these jumps is considered along with an extended look at elementary solutions of flow. An experimental test set-up is described and the results presented.
Date: March 1940
Creator: Preiswerk, Ernst
open access

Buckling Tests With a Spar-Rib Grill

Description: "The present report deals with a comparison of mathematically and experimentally defined buckling loads of a spar-rib grill, on the assumption of constant spar section, and infinitely closely spaced ribs with rigidity symmetrical to the grill center. The loads are applied as equal bending moments at both spar ends, as compression in the line connecting the joints, and in the spar center line as the assumedly uniformly distributed spar weight" (p. 1).
Date: September 1940
Creator: Weinhold, Josef
open access

The Cause of Welding Cracks in Aircraft Steels

Description: The discussion in this article refers to gas welding of thin-walled parts of up to about 3 mm thickness. It was proven that by restricting the sulphur, carbon, and phosphorous content, and by electric-furnace production of the steel, it was possible in a short time to remove this defect. Weld hardness - i.e., martensite formation and hardness of the overheated zone - has no connection with the tendency to weld-crack development. Si, Cr, Mo, or V content has no appreciable effect, while increase… more
Date: October 1940
Creator: Müller, J.
open access

Chordwise Load Distribution of a Simple Rectangular Wing

Description: The chordwise distribution theory was taken over from the theory of the infinite wing. Since in this work a series expansion in b/t was used, the computation converges only for large aspect ratios. In this paper a useful approximate solution will be found also for wings with large chord - i.e., small aspect ratio.
Date: December 1940
Creator: Wieghardt, Karl
open access

Constant-Pressure Blowers

Description: "The conventional axial blowers operate on the high-pressure principle. One drawback of this type of blower is the relatively low pressure head, which one attempts to overcome with axial blowers producing very high pressure at a given circumferential speed. The Schicht constant-pressure blower affords pressure ratios considerably higher than those of axial blowers of conventional design with approximately the same efficiency" (p. 1).
Date: January 1940
Creator: Sörensen, E.
open access

Corrections on the Thermometer Reading in an Air Stream

Description: A method is described for checking a correction formula, based partly on theoretical considerations, for adiabatic compression and friction in flight tests and determining the value of the constant. It is necessary to apply a threefold correction to each thermometer reading. They are a correction for adiabatic compression, friction and for time lag.
Date: October 1940
Creator: Van der Maas, H. J. & Wynia, S.
open access

Creep Strength of Stabilized Wrought-Aluminum Alloys

Description: Rohn-type equipment has been mounted on rubber blocks, for the purpose of damping the vibrations of the ground and of rendering the plastic yielding of the test bars less subject to outside interferences. New equipment also included three shockproof creep-testing machines with the Martens mirror instruments for recording the strain curve of the fatigue-tested specimens.
Date: November 1940
Creator: Müller, W.
open access

DFS Dive-Control Brakes for Gliders and Airplanes and Analytical Study of the Drag of the DFS Dive-Control Brake

Description: These two reports are surveys on the progress and present state of development of dive-control flaps for gliders and airplanes. The second article describes how on the basis of wind tunnel and free-flight tests, the drag increase on brake flaps of the type DFS, can be predicted. Pressure records confirm a two-dimensional load distribution along the brake-flap surface.
Date: January 1940
Creator: Jacobs, Hans & Wanner, Adolf
open access

Effect of Wing Loading, Aspect Ratio, and Span Loading of Flight Performances

Description: "An investigation is made of the possible improvements in maximum, cruising, and climbing speeds attainable through increase in the wing loading. The decrease in wing area was considered for the two cases of constant aspect ratio and constant span loading. For a definite flight condition, an investigation is made to determine what loss in flight performance must be sustained if, for given reasons, certain wing loadings are not to be exceeded. With the aid of these general investigations, the tr… more
Date: January 1940
Creator: Göthert, B.
open access

Experimental Contribution to the Study of Combustion in Compression-Ignition Engines

Description: The purpose of this paper is to explain the differences in thermodynamic qualities of two oils and to try to make this differentiation clear enough so that it can be applied to two oils extremely alike, as, for instance a given oil and the same oil to which a small amount of another substance has been added.
Date: February 1940
Creator: Duchene, R.
open access

Experimental Results With Airfoils Tested in the High-Speed Tunnel at Guidonia

Description: The results are presented of a triple series of tests using force measurements, pressure-distribution measurements, and air flow photographs on airfoil sections suitably selected so that comparison could be made between the experimental and theoretical results. The comparison with existing theory is followed by a discussion of the divergences found, and an attempt is made to find their explanation.
Date: July 1940
Creator: Ferri, Antonio
open access

Experiments on Ball and Roller Bearings Under Conditions of High Speed and Small Oil Supply

Description: This report describes a testing machine on which 35 millimeter bearings (bore) can be run at speeds of the order of 21,000 rpm, while the following factors are recorded: 1) oil circulation through bearing and oil temperature. 2) maximum temperature of outer bearing ring, 3) radial and axial load on bearing, 4) radial, axial, and angular clearance of bearing, 5) power consumption of bearing. The experiments show that the lubrication was most reliable and oil consumption lowest when the oil was i… more
Date: July 1940
Creator: Getzlaff, Günter
open access

Flow Around Wings Accompanied by Separation of Vortices

Description: The flow around wings computed by the usual method leads in the case of a finite trailing edge to a stagnation point in the trailing edge due to the Kutta-Joukowsky condition of flow governing this region. As a result, the theoretical pressure distribution differs substantially from the experimental values in the vicinity of the trailing edge. The present report describes an alternative method of calculation in which the rear stagnation point no longer appears. The stream leaves the trailing ed… more
Date: December 1940
Creator: Schmieden, C.
open access

General Relationships Between the Various Systems of Reference Axes Employed in Flight Mechanics

Description: "The different possibilities of orientation of the systems of axes currently employed in flight mechanics are compiled and described. Of the three possible couplings between the wind and aircraft axes, the most suitable coupling is that in which the y axis is made the principal axis of rotation for one of the two coupling angles (angles of attack). In connection with this coupling, an experimental system of axes is introduced, whose axes x(sub e) and z(sub e) are situated in the plane of symmet… more
Date: November 1940
Creator: Rautenberg, H. J.
open access

Italian High-Speed Airplane Engines

Description: This paper presents an account of Italian high-speed engine designs. The tests were performed on the Fiat AS6 engine, and all components of that engine are discussed from cylinders to superchargers as well as the test set-up. The results of the bench tests are given along with the performance of the engines in various races.
Date: June 1940
Creator: Bona, C. F.
open access

Knocking in an Internal-Combustion Engine

Description: The question remains open of the relation between the phenomena of knocking in the engine and the explosion wave. The solution of this problem is the object of this paper. The tests were conducted on an aircraft engine with a pyrex glass window in the cylinder head. Photographs were then taken of various combinations of fuels and conditions.
Date: January 1940
Creator: Sokolik, A. & Voinov, A.
open access

The Lead Susceptibility of Fuels and Its Dependence on the Chemical Composition

Description: The fact that by the use of tetraethyl lead a number of otherwise unsuitable fuels could be made to meet engine requirements was not sufficiently appreciated. While use of tetraethyl lead is limited, the addition of special leaded fuels that increase the octane number is a requirement for many fuels. In this connection, the extent to which the action of tetraethyl lead through the addition of knock-resistant hydrocarbons to the base gasoline is influenced, is quite important. To the elucidation… more
Date: April 1940
Creator: Widmaier, O.
open access

Limits of Single-Stage Compression in Centrifugal Superchargers for Aircraft

Description: The limits of the single-stage compression in superchargers at the present state of development are determined by five factors. 1) by the rotor material; 2) by the formation of the flow; 3) by the manufacture of double shrouded rotors; 4) by the bearing problem; 5) by the drive method.
Date: September 1940
Creator: Kollmann, K.
open access

Materials for Slack Diaphragms

Description: This report deals with systematic experiments carried out on five diaphragm materials with different pretreatment, for the purpose of ascertaining the suitability of such materials for slack diaphragms. The relationship of deflection and load, temperature and moisture, was recorded. Of the explored materials, synthetic leather, balloon cloth, goldbeaters skin, Igelit and Buna, synthetic leather treated with castor oil is the most suitable material for the small pressure range required.
Date: December 1940
Creator: Puschmann, Traute
open access

The Maximum Delivery Pressure of Single-Stage Radial Superchargers for Aircraft Engines

Description: With the aid of simple considerations and test results, an attempt is made to clear up some obscure points that still exist. The considerations are restricted to those cases where it is in fact of advantage to"force" the large delivery heads required for high altitude and high supercharge with a single-stage supercharger.
Date: August 1940
Creator: von der Nüll, W.
open access

Measurement of Knock Characteristics in Spark-Ignition Engines

Description: This paper presents a discussion of three potential sources of error in recording engine knocking which are: the natural oscillation of the membrane, the shock process between test contacts, and the danger of burned contacts. Following this discussion, the paper calls attention to various results which make the bouncing-pin indicator appear fundamentally unsuitable for recording knock phenomena.
Date: March 1940
Creator: Schütz, R.
open access

New Equipment for Testing the Fatigue Strength of Riveted and Welded Joints

Description: "The mechanical and electrical construction of a new experimental instrument for fatigue testing riveted and welded joints is described. This experimental device has the advantage of being able to stress, even with comparatively low magnetic exciter force, structural components in alternate bending by resonance vibrations up to incipient fatigue failure (p .1)".
Date: July 1940
Creator: Müller, W.
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