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Case Studies of Desalted Water for Irrigation

Description: Report studying the use of desalinated water for irrigation at three locations in Arizona and California. Costs and benefits are measured among several different areas, including multiple concentrations of desalinated water, different desalting methods, and the desalting process.
Date: March 1972
Creator: United States. Bureau of Reclamation.
open access

Demineralization of Saline Water by Electrically-Induced Adsorption on Porous Carbon Electrodes

Description: Report containing the summation of the desalination studies carried out by The University of Oklahoma Research Institute, including their theories of carbon demineralization, electrode development, and the cost estimates for a demineralization plant.
Date: March 1964
Creator: Murphy, George W.; Bloomfield, J. J.; Smith, Frank W.; Neptune, W. E.; Candle, Danny; Stevens, Arthur L. et al.
open access

Development of an Improved Solar Still

Description: Report concerning the study of multiple designs of solar distillers with the goal of increasing the fresh water ouptut.
Date: March 1962
Creator: Grune, Werner N.; Collins, Richard A.; Hughes, Ross B. & Thompson, T. Lewis
open access

High-Temperature Transference Numbers in Pure and Mixed Aqueous Electrolytes

Description: From Abstract: "An electronic technique was used in determinations of transference numbers in aqueous electrolyte solutions by the moving-boundary method. Data for 0.1 N NaCl at temperature from 15 degrees to 125 degrees C are presented in this report. Probable causes of difficulty with the method were identified. and recommendations are made in this report for further research to overcome the difficulties."
Date: March 1964
Creator: Dismukes, Edward B.
open access

The Influence of Acoustical Vibrations on Convective Heat Transfer to Liquids

Description: From Introduction: "The research work described in this report consisted of two phases: analytical and experimental. Because of the complexity of the problem of the interaction between acoustical vibrations and heat transfer, the effort to analyze this problem theoretically began with a search for simplified "mathematical models" of the actual physical processes involved."
Date: March 1964
Creator: Fand, R. M.
open access

Mineral By-Products From The Sea

Description: Report providing information on the economical separation of mineral constituents from sea water or other saline waters. Processes involving the removal of potassium, calcium, magnesium, boron, and other elements were to be studied.
Date: March 1964
Creator: Salutsky, Murrell L.; Dunseth, Maria G. & Waters, O. B., Jr.
open access

Research on Saline Water Conversion by Freezing

Description: From Introduction: "Progress of research related to problems encountered in processes for desalination by freezing is summarized in this report, which is the first annual progress report called for under the terms of Grant 14-01-0001-295 made to the Massachusetts Institute of Technology by the Office of Saline Water in 1962."
Date: March 1964
Creator: Sherwood, T. K. & Brian, P. L. T.
open access

Salt Concentration at Phase Boundaries in Desalination Processes

Description: From Introduction: "This report explores the theory of the salt build-up phenomenon in a preliminary way. Several simplifying assumptions will be made, since the purpose is to obtain only approximate estimates of the importance of the phenomenon described."
Date: March 1964
Creator: Sherwood, T. K.; Brian, P. L. T. & Fisher, R. E.
open access

Sea Water Corrosion Test Program

Description: From Introduction: "The first demonstration plant sponsored by the Office of Saline Water was located in Freeport, Texas, and came 'on stream" in 1961. The incoming sea water was deaerated since both Speller (6) and Uhlig (7) recognized that dissolved oxygen was usually the controlling factor in the corrosion of iron stream condensate at temperatures even as high 400 degrees F. The water was acidified prior to daeration with H2SO4 to decompose the carbonates which subsequently would cause scale… more
Date: March 1969
Creator: Behrens, H. C.; Martin, F. D.; Osborn, O.; Rice, L.; Russell, W. B.; Schreiber, C. F. et al.
open access

Second Annual Report: Operation of the Muti-Stage Flash Distillation Plant, San Diego, California

Description: From Introduction: "The Office of Saline Water (OSW) maintains the MSF Module at the San Diego Test Facility, Chula Vista, California, for the purpose of further advancing and developing the state of art of the multistage flash distillation process and thereby reduce the cost of seawater conversion. The MSF Module has been built and operated to obtain engineering design and operating data to serve as a basis for: a. Future process development. b. Improved full scale plant design. Improved full … more
Date: March 1971
Creator: Catalytic Construction Company
open access

Secondary Refrigerant Freezing Desalting Process: Operation of a 15,000 GPD Pilot Plant

Description: Report issued by the Office of Saline Water over the development of the secondary refrigerant freeze desalination process. The process is presented and discussed. This report includes tables, illustrations, and photographs.
Date: March 1969
Creator: Ganiaris, N.; Lambiris, J.; Glasser, R.; Hunter, J. A.; Rinne, W. W. & Verikios, S. C.
open access

Solidification and Separation of Ice From Saline Water

Description: From Introduction: "The principal objective of this investigation is to promote fundamental understanding of the mechanism of solidification of aqueous solutions, and the effects of externally applied electrical and magnetic fields on solidification."
Date: March 1964
Creator: Adams, Clyde M., Jr. & Rohatgi, Pradeep K.
open access

A Study of Large Size Saline Water Conversion Plants

Description: From Introduction: "The principal objective of this study is to digest the experience accumulated in the operation of the demonstration plants, and from this information, to arrive at the cost of fresh water when produced on a large scale. It is important to recognize that the costs, as calculated in this report, are based upon the state of development of the processes as exemplified and proven in the demonstration plants. The field is new, and the rate of development is such that further cost … more
Date: March 1963
Creator: Bechtel Corporation
open access

Third Annual Report: Brackish Water Conversion Demonstration Plant Number 4, Roswell, New Mexico

Description: From Abstract: "Primary interest was placed on the scale formation problem. Significant improvements were made in the process and described in this report. Maintenance requirements were unusually high during the year, primarily as a result of cumulative corrosion damage over the last three years. The most significant damage was in the circulating pumps, the heat exchangers and feed piping. These and other failures are described."
Date: March 1967
Creator: American Hydrotherm Corporation
open access

Transport Processes in Electrochemically Controlled Ion-Exchange Desalination

Description: From Summary: "The results of such experiments are summarized as follows: 1. Anion-responsive electrodes formed with Kraton, graphite, Norit, and Amberlite CG-4B demineralized well at currents up to 10 milli-amperes; regeneration was efficient up to 8 milliamperes. 2. Satisfactory anion-responsive electrodes containing Amberlite IRA-68 could only be formed when resin was first ground while in the sulfate form; it was required that it be added to the paste mixture (Kraton, Norit, and graphite) i… more
Date: March 1969
Creator: Evans, S.; Accomazzo, M. A.; Accomazzo, J. E.; Ladacki, M. & Lossett, K. A.
open access

Vacuum-Freezing Vapor-Compression Process: Evaluation on Brackish Water

Description: From Abstract: "The Vacuum-Freezing Vapor-Compression (VFVC) Process was evaluated on high salinity brackish water during the period from February 1968 through December 1969 by Colt Industries Inc., under O.S.W. Contract No. 14-01-0001-967 at Roswell, New Mexico. The 15,000 gpd VFVC test plant is mounted on a mobile trailer which was built by Colt Industries Inc. in their factory at Beloit, Wisconsin. Prior to operation at Roswell, the plant was operated at Wrightsville Beach, North Carolina to… more
Date: March 1970
Creator: Jhawar, M. M. & Fraser, J. H.
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