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- U.S. Assistance to the Former Soviet Union
- Since 1992, the United States has provided more than $28 billion in assistance to the 12 states of the former Soviet Union (FSU). It continues to provide nearly $2 billion annually. This report describes the broad framework of U.S. assistance programs and policies in the region and then focuses on the FREEDOM Support Act (FSA) account under the foreign operations budget which, encompassing all U.S. objectives in the region, has often been the means by which Congress has expressed its views and sought to influence policy.
- U.S. Assistance to the Former Soviet Union
- Since 1992, the United States has provided more than $28 billion in assistance to the 12 states of the former Soviet Union (FSU). It continues to provide nearly $2 billion annually. This report describes the broad framework of U.S. assistance programs and policies in the region and then focuses on the FREEDOM Support Act (FSA) account under the foreign operations budget which, encompassing all U.S. objectives in the region, has often been the means by which Congress has expressed its views and sought to influence policy.
- U.S. Assistance to the Former Soviet Union
- This report describes the broad framework of U.S. assistance programs and policies in the former Soviet Union and then focuses on the foreign operations FREEDOM Support Act (FSA) account which, encompassing all U.S. objectives in the region, has often been the means by which Congress has expressed its views and sought to influence policy.
- U.S. Assistance to the Former Soviet Union
- Since 1992, the United States has provided more than $26 billion in assistance to the 12 states of the former Soviet Union (FSU). It continues to provide nearly $2 billion annually. This report describes the broad framework of U.S. assistance programs and policies in the region and then focuses on the FREEDOM Support Act (FSA) account under the foreign operations budget which, encompassing all U.S. objectives in the region, has often been the means by which Congress has expressed its views and sought to influence policy.
- U.S. Assistance to the Former Soviet Union
- Since 1992, the United States has provided more than $26 billion in assistance to the 12 states of the former Soviet Union (FSU). It continues to provide nearly $2 billion annually. This report describes the broad framework of U.S. assistance programs and policies in the region and then focuses on the FREEDOM Support Act (FSA) account under the foreign operations budget which, encompassing all U.S. objectives in the region, has often been the means by which Congress has expressed its views and sought to influence policy.
- U.S. Assistance to the Former Soviet Union
- Since 1992, the United States has provided more than $26 billion in assistance to the 12 states of the former Soviet Union (FSU). It continues to provide nearly $2 billion annually. This report describes the broad framework of U.S. assistance programs and policies in the region and then focuses on the FREEDOM Support Act (FSA) account under the foreign operations budget which, encompassing all U.S. objectives in the region, has often been the means by which Congress has expressed its views and sought to influence policy.
- U.S. Assistance to the Former Soviet Union 1991-2001: A History of Administration and Congressional Action
- No Description Available.
- U.S. Assistance to Vietnam
- No Description Available.
- U.S. Assistance to Vietnam
- No Description Available.
- U.S. Assistance to Vietnam
- U.S.-Vietnam diplomatic and economic relations were non-existent for more then fifteen years following communist North Vietnam’s victory in 1975 over the U.S. ally South Vietnam. Normalization of relations, particularly in the economic sphere, between the United States and unified Vietnam began in earnest in the 1990s. As the normalization process has proceeded, the U.S. has eliminated most of the Cold Warera restrictions on U.S. aid to Vietnam, and U.S. assistance has increased markedly from around $1 million when assistance was resumed in 1991 to nearly $50 million in FY2004.
- U.S. Assistance to Vietnam
- U.S.-Vietnam diplomatic and economic relations were non-existent for more then fifteen years following communist North Vietnam’s victory in 1975 over the U.S. ally South Vietnam. Normalization of relations, particularly in the economic sphere, between the United States and unified Vietnam began in earnest in the 1990s. As the normalization process has proceeded, the U.S. has eliminated most of the Cold Warera restrictions on U.S. aid to Vietnam, and U.S. assistance has increased markedly from around $1 million when assistance was resumed in 1991 to nearly $50 million in FY2004.
- U.S. Assistance to Women in Afghanistan and Iraq: Challenges and Issues for Congress
- No Description Available.
- U.S. Assistance to Women in Afghanistan and Iraq: Challenges and Issues for Congress
- No Description Available.
- U.S. Attorneys Who Have Served Less than Full Four-year Terms, 1981-2006
- No Description Available.
- U.S.-Australia Civilian Nuclear Cooperation: Issues for Congress
- This report briefly discusses nuclear relations and cooperation between the United States and Australia, including the Atomic Energy Act and President Obama's latest renewal agreement of said Act.
- U.S.-Australia Civilian Nuclear Cooperation: Issues for Congress
- This report briefly discusses nuclear relations and cooperation between the United States and Australia, including the Atomic Energy Act and President Obama's latest renewal agreement of said Act.
- U.S.-Australia Civilian Nuclear Cooperation: Issues for Congress
- This report briefly discusses nuclear relations and cooperation between the United States and Australia, including the Atomic Energy Act and President Obama's latest renewal agreement of said Act.
- U.S.-Australia Civilian Nuclear Cooperation: Issues for Congress
- This report briefly discusses nuclear relations and cooperation between the United States and Australia, including the Atomic Energy Act and President Obama's latest renewal agreement of said Act.
- The U.S.-Australia Free Trade Agreement: Provisions and Implications
- No Description Available.
- The U.S.-Australia Treaty on Defense Trade Cooperation
- This report describes a treaty signed by the United States and Australia on Defense Trade Cooperation in September 2007 that would facilitate defense trade and cooperation between the two nations. On the strategic level, the treaty would further develop ties between two very close allies who have fought together in most of America's conflicts, including most recently in Iraq and in Afghanistan.
- U.S. Automotive Industry: Recent History and Issues
- No Description Available.
- U.S.-Bahrain Free Trade Agreement
- No Description Available.
- U.S. Beef: It's What's for China
- This report discusses the opening of the Chinese market to U.S. beef imports under certain restrictions. The negotiation process and conditions of the agreement and China's current largest beef import partners are also discussed.
- U.S. Bilateral Assistance to Russia: 1992-2002
- No Description Available.
- The U.S. Bilateral Investment Treaty Program: An Overview
- No Description Available.
- U.S. Bombing of North Vietnam and the October 1968 "Understanding"
- This report discusses the "1968 Understanding" between North Vietnam and the United States regarding the cessation of bombing over North Vietnam and the U.S. bombing of North Vietnam in November 1970 which triggered protests and debates over the nature and actual content of the aforementioned "Understanding".
- U.S.-Brazil WTO Cotton Subsidy Dispute
- No Description Available.
- The U.S. Bureau of Mines Funding - FY1996
- H.R. 1977, passed by the House July 18, 1995, appropriated $87 million for FY1996 for the "orderly closure" of the Bureau of Mines within the Department of Interior. However, when the Senate passed H.R. 1977 on August 9, it approved continuation of the Bureau and appropriated $128 million for FY1996.
- U.S.-Cambodia Relations: Issues for the 113th Congress
- Report that starts out by describing the relationship between the United States and the Kingdom of Cambodia. This includes U.S. concerns about Cambodia's human rights record and how that affects the bilateral relationship.
- U.S.-Cambodia Relations: Issues for the 113th Congress
- Report that starts out by describing the relationship between the United States and the Kingdom of Cambodia. This includes U.S. concerns about Cambodia's human rights record and how that affects the bilateral relationship.
- U.S.-Canada Corn Trade Dispute
- No Description Available.
- The U.S.-Canada Energy Relationship: Joined at the Well
- No Description Available.
- U.S.-Canada Wheat and Corn Trade Disputes
- No Description Available.
- U.S.-Canada Wheat and Corn Trade Disputes
- No Description Available.
- U.S.-Canada Wheat Trade Dispute
- This report provides background for understanding the U.S. and Canadian wheat trade dispute, as well as timelines, rulings, and other details for the International Trade Commission (ITC) and World Trade Organization (WTO) cases brought by the United States against Canadian wheat trading practices and the Canadian Wheat Board (CWB).
- U.S.-Canada Wheat Trade Dispute
- No Description Available.
- U.S.-Canada WTO Corn Trade Dispute
- No Description Available.
- U.S.-Canada WTO Corn Trade Dispute
- No Description Available.
- U.S. Capital Markets and International Accounting Standards: GAAP Versus IFRS
- This report briefly explains the different accounting standards and U.S. capital markets. It examines several International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) policy options Congress might consider and the benefits and challenges of each of those options.
- U.S. Carbon Dioxide Emission Trends and the Role of the Clean Power Plan
- This report examines recent trends in U.S. greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions -- particularly CO2 emissions from electricity generation -- and the factors that impact emission levels in that sector. In addition, this report examines the degree to which Clean Power Plan (CPP) implementation (or lack thereof) may impact CO2 emission levels from electric power plants.
- U.S. Carbon Dioxide Emissions Trends and Projections: Role of the Clean Power Plan and Other Factors
- This report examines recent trends in U.S. GHG emissions, particularly CO2 emissions from electricity generation, and the factors that impact emission levels in that sector. In addition, this report examines the degree to which CPP implementation (or lack thereof) may impact CO2 emission levels from electric power plants. The first section provides an overview of various sources of GHG emissions in the United States. This includes an overview of CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion and a closer look at CO2 emissions from electricity generation, which account for the second largest percentage of CO2 emission from fossil fuel combustion (1% percentage point behind the transportation sector). The second section examines projections of CO2 emissions in the electric power sector, with a particular focus on the role of the CPP and other factors. The final section highlights the challenges in making CO2 emission projections with a comparison of actual CO2 emissions with prior emission forecasts.
- U.S. Catfish Industry and Foreign Trade: A Fact Sheet
- This report is a fact sheet on the U.S. catfish industry and foreign trade.
- The U.S.-Central America Free Trade Agreement (CAFTA): Challenges for Sub-Regional Integration
- No Description Available.
- The U.S.-Central America Free Trade Agreement (CAFTA): Challenges for Sub-Regional Integration
- No Description Available.
- The U.S.-Central America Free Trade Agreement (CAFTA): Challenges for Sub-Regional Integration
- No Description Available.
- A U.S.-centric Chronology of the International Climate Change Negotiations
- This document provides a U.S.-centric chronology of the international policy deliberations to address climate change from 1979-2009. It begins before agreement on the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) in 1992, and proceeds through the Kyoto Protocol in 1997, the Marrakesh Accords of 2001, the Bali Action Plan of 2007, and the Copenhagen conference in 2009.
- A U.S.-centric Chronology of the International Climate Change Negotiations
- This report provides an overview and analysis of congressional advisory commissions, information on the general statutory structure of a congressional commission, and a catalog of congressional commissions created since the 101st Congress.
- A U.S.-centric Chronology of the International Climate Change Negotiations
- No Description Available.
- A U.S.-centric Chronology of the International Climate Change Negotiations
- This document provides a U.S.-centric chronology of the international policy negotiations to address climate change. It covers the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change in 1992, the Kyoto Protocol in 1997, the Marrakesh Accords of 2001, and the Bali Action Plan of 2007 that mandates the current negotiations toward a new agreement by the end of 2009 on commitments for the period beyond 2012. Today's negotiations under the Bali Action Plan focus on four elements: mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions; adaptation to impacts of climate change; financial assistance to low income countries; and technology development and transfer. For U.S. legislators, important issues include the compatibility of any international agreement with U.S. domestic policies and laws; the adequacy of appropriations, fiscal measures and programs to achieve any commitments under the agreement; and the desirable form of the agreement and related requirements for potential Senate ratification and federal implementing legislation.
- A U.S.-centric Chronology of the International Climate Change Negotiations
- The Copenhagen conference in December 2009 achieved only mandates to continue negotiating toward the next Conference of the Parties (COP) to be held in Mexico City in December 2010. As a background to these proceedings, this document provides a U.S.-centric chronology of the international policy deliberations to address climate change from 1979-2009. Negotiations underway since 2007 have run on two tracks, the Kyoto Protocol the Convention under the Bali Action Plan. Many in the U.S. Congress are concerned with the goals and obligations that a treaty or other form of agreement might embody. For U.S. legislators, additional issues include the compatibility of any international agreement with U.S. domestic policies and laws; the adequacy of appropriations, fiscal measures, and programs to achieve any commitments under the agreement; and the desirable form of the agreement and related requirements, with a view toward potential Senate ratification of the agreement and federal legislation to assure that U.S. commitments are met.