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open access

Accountability measurement precision and accuracy values: How good is good enough?

Description: The Department of Energy (DOE) Order 5633.3A requires that the desired levels of precision and accuracy be established for accountability measurements, that the magnitude of these uncertainties be minimized for major contributors to the limit of error for inventory differences (LEID), and that methods be selected, validated, and qualified that are capable of providing the desired levels. In an effort to consistently determine the desired precision and accuracy levels for measurements within eac… more
Date: July 1, 1993
Creator: Filpus-Luyckx, P. E.
open access

Accumulator ring design for the NSNS project

Description: The goal of the proposed National Spallation Neutron Source (NSNS) is to provide a short pulse proton beam of about 0.5 {mu}s with average beam power of 1 MW. To achieve such purpose, a proton storage ring operated at 60 Hz with 1 x 10{sup 14} protons per pulse at 1 GeV is required. The Accumulator Ring (AR) receives 1 msec long H{sup {minus}} beam bunches of 28 mA from a 1 GeV linac. Scope and design performance goals of the AR are presented, other possible technological choices and design opt… more
Date: July 1, 1997
Creator: Weng, W. T.; Alessi, J. & Beebe-Wang, J.
open access

Achieving and maintaining cleanliness in NIF amplifiers

Description: Cleanliness measurements made on AMPLAB prototype National Ignition Facility (NIF) laser amplifiers during assembly, cassette transfer, and amplifier operation are summarized. These measurements include particle counts from surface cleanliness assessments using filter swipe techniques and from airborne particle monitoring. Results are compared with similar measurements made on the Beamlet and Nova lasers and in flashlamp test fixtures. Observations of Class 100,000 aerosols after flashlamp firi… more
Date: July 28, 1998
Creator: Burnham, A. K.; Horvath, J. A.; Letts, S. A.; Menapace, J. A. & Stowers, I. F.
open access

Achieving WIPP certification for software: A white paper

Description: The NMT-1 and NMT-3 organizations within the Chemical and Metallurgical Research (CMR) facility at the Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) is working to achieve Waste Isolation Pilot Plant (WIPP) certification to enable them to transport their TRU waste to WIPP. In particular, the NMT-1 management is requesting support from the Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory (INEEL) to assist them in making the Laboratory Information Management System (LIMS) software WIPP certifiable.… more
Date: July 1, 1998
Creator: Matthews, S. D.; Adams, K. & Twitchell, K. E.
open access

Acoustic resonance spectroscopy (ARS): ARS300 operations manual, software version 2.01

Description: Acoustic Resonance Spectroscopy (ARS) is a nondestructive evaluation technology developed at the Los Alamos National Laboratory. The ARS technique is a fast, safe, and nonintrusive technique that is particularly useful when a large number of objects need to be tested. Any physical object, whether solid, hollow, or fluid filled, has many modes of vibration. These modes of vibration, commonly referred to as the natural resonant modes or resonant frequencies, are determined by the object`s shape, … more
Date: July 25, 1996
open access

Acoustic techniques in nuclear safeguards

Description: Acoustic techniques can be employed to address many questions relevant to current nuclear technology needs. These include establishing and monitoring intrinsic tags and seals, locating holdup in areas where conventional radiation-based measurements have limited capability, process monitoring, monitoring containers for corrosion or changes in pressure, and facility design verification. These acoustics applications are in their infancy with respect to safeguards and nuclear material management, b… more
Date: July 1, 1995
Creator: Olinger, C. T. & Sinha, D. N.
open access

Actinide Biocolloid Formation in Brine by Halophilic Bacteria

Description: We examined the ability of a halophilic bacterium (WFP 1A) isolated from the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant (WIPP) site to accumulate uranium in order to determine the potential for biocolloid facilitated actinide transport. The bacterial cell Surface functional groups involved in the complexation of the actinide were determined by titration. Uranium, added as uranyl nitrate, was removed from solution at pH 5 by cells but at pH 7 and 9 very little uranium was removed due to its limited volubility.… more
Date: July 28, 1999
Creator: Gillow, J. B.; Francis, A. J.; Dodge, C. J.; Harris, R.; Beveridge, T. J.; Brady, P. V. et al.
open access

Action plan for responses to abnormal conditions in Hanford Site radioactive waste tanks with high organic content. Revision 1

Description: This action plan describes the criteria and the organizational responsibilities required for ensuring that waste storage tanks with high organic contents are maintained in a safe condition at the Hanford Site. In addition, response actions are outlined for (1) prevention or mitigation of excessive temperatures; or (2) a material release from any waste tank with high organic content. Other response actions may be defined by Westinghouse Hanford Company Systems Engineering if a waste tank paramet… more
Date: July 1, 1993
Creator: Fowler, K. D.
open access

Activated transport in AMTEC electrodes

Description: Transport of alkali metal atoms through porous cathodes of alkali metal thermal-to-electric converter (AMTEC) cells is responsible for significant, reducible losses in the electrical performance of these cells. Experimental evidence for activated transport of metal atoms at grain surfaces and boundaries within some AMTEC electrodes has been derived from temperature dependent studies as well as from analysis of the detailed frequency dependence of ac impedance results for other electrodes, inclu… more
Date: July 1, 1992
Creator: Williams, R. M.; Jeffries-Nakamura, B.; Ryan, M. A.; Underwood, M. L.; O`Connor, D. & Kikkert, S.
open access

Activation energy and critical current density in Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O

Description: Flux creep in a Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-0 system has been investigated in wide temperature and field regimes. Previously reported studies of the flux-creep activation energy U have been controversial in terms of the temperature and field dependence, and the U values have not been consistent with the macroscopically measured critical current density, J{sub c} We have developed a new approach to obtain the activation energy by considering the nonlinearity between U and J. We find that the activation energy i… more
Date: July 1, 1992
Creator: Shi, Donglu; Sengupta, S.; Smith, M. & Wang, Z.
open access

Activation energy and critical current density in Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O

Description: Flux creep in a Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-0 system has been investigated in wide temperature and field regimes. Previously reported studies of the flux-creep activation energy U have been controversial in terms of the temperature and field dependence, and the U values have not been consistent with the macroscopically measured critical current density, J{sub c} We have developed a new approach to obtain the activation energy by considering the nonlinearity between U and J. We find that the activation energy i… more
Date: July 1, 1992
Creator: Shi, Donglu; Sengupta, S.; Smith, M. & Wang, Z.
open access

The active-bridge oscillator

Description: This paper describes the Active-Bridge Oscillator (ABO), a new concept in high-stability oscillator design. The ABO is ab ridge-type oscillator design that is easly to design and overcomes many of the operational and design difficulties associated with standard bridge oscillator designs. The ABO will oscillate with a very stable output amplitude over a wide range of operating conditions without the use of an automatic-level-control (ALC). A standard bridge oscillator design requires an ALC to m… more
Date: July 1, 1998
Creator: Wessendorf, K.O.
open access

Active control of bending vibrations in thick bars using PZT stack actuators

Description: An experimental investigation into active control of bending vibrations in thick bar and plate-like structural elements is described. This work is motivated by vibration problems in machine tools and photolithography machines that require greater control authority than available from conventional surface mounted PZT patches or PVDF films. Focus of this experiment is a cantilevered circular steel bar in which PZT stacks are mounted in cutouts near the bar root. Axially aligned and offset from th… more
Date: July 1, 1995
Creator: Redmond, J.; Parker, G.; Barney, P. & Rodeman, R.
open access

Active Damping of Oscillations in a Long Compliant Manipulator Link

Description: A flexible manipulator test bed consisting of a fifteen foot long fixed-free compliant beam (representing a compliant manipulator link) with a Shilling Titan II dextrous manipulator mounted on its free end has been constructed at Pacific Northwest Laboratory (PNL). A comprehensive dynamic model which includes flexible body effects has been developed at PNL using a commercially available multibody dynamics code. A linearized version of the model is used to develop control strategies which use in… more
Date: July 1, 1993
Creator: Baker, C. P.; Evans, M. S.; Trudnowski, D. J. & Magee, D. P.
open access

Active messages versus explicit message passing under SUNMOS

Description: In the past few years much effort has been devoted to finding faster and more convenient ways to exchange data between nodes of massively parallel distributed memory machines. One such approach, taken by Thorsten von Eicken et al. is called Active Messages. The idea is to hide message passing latency and continue to compute while data is being sent and delivered. The authors have implemented Active Messages under SUNMOS for the Intel Paragon and performed various experiments to determine their … more
Date: July 1, 1994
Creator: Riesen, R.; Wheat, S. R. & Maccabe, A. B.
open access

Active plasma source formation in the MAP diode

Description: The Ion Beam Surface Treatment (IBEST) program is exploring using ion beams to treat the surface of a wide variety of materials. These experiments have shown that improved corrosion resistance, surface hardening, grain size modification, polishing and surface cleaning can all be achieved using a pulsed 0.4-0.8 MeV ion beam delivering 1-10 J/cm{sup 2}. The Magnetically-confined Anode Plasma (MAP) diode, developed at Cornell University, produces an active plasma which can be used to treat the sur… more
Date: July 1, 1995
Creator: Lamppa, K.P.; Stinnett, R.W. & Renk, T.J.
open access

Active silicon x-ray for measuring electron temperature

Description: Silicon diodes are commonly used for x-ray measurements in the soft x-ray region between a few hundred ev and 20 keV. Recent work by Cho has shown that the charge collecting region in an underbiased silicon detector is the depletion depth plus some contribution from a region near the depleted region due to charge-diffusion. The depletion depth can be fully characterized as a function of the applied bias voltage and is roughly proportional to the squart root of the bias voltage. We propose a tec… more
Date: July 1, 1994
Creator: Snider, R. T.
open access

Active structural control by fuzzy logic rules: An introduction

Description: An introduction to fuzzy logic control applied to the active structural control to reduce the dynamic response of structures subjected to earthquake excitations is presented. It is hoped that this presentation will increase the attractiveness of the methodology to structural engineers in research as well as in practice. The basic concept of the fuzzy logic control are explained by examples and by diagrams with a minimum of mathematics. The effectiveness and simplicity of the fuzzy logic control… more
Date: July 1, 1995
Creator: Tang, Y.
open access

Activities implemented jointly: First report to the Secretariat of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. Accomplishments and descriptions of projects accepted under the U.S. Initiative on Joint Implementation

Description: More than 150 countries are now Party to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (FCCC), which seeks, as its ultimate objective, to stabilize atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases at a level that would prevent dangerous human interference with the climate system. As a step toward this goal, all Parties are to take measures to mitigate climate change and to promote and cooperate in the development and diffusion of technologies and practices that control or reduce emiss… more
Date: July 1, 1996
open access

Activity of fuel batches processed through Hanford separations plants, 1944 through 1989

Description: This document provides a printout of the ``Fuel Activity Database`` (version U6) generated by the Hanford DKPRO code and transmitted to the Los Alamos National Laboratory for input to their ``Hanford Defined Waste`` model of waste tank inventories. This fuel activity file consists of 1,276 records--each record representing the activity associated with a batch of spent reactor fuel processed by month (or shorter period) through individual Hanford separations plants between 1944 and 1989. Each re… more
Date: July 29, 1997
Creator: Watrous, R. A. & Wootan, D. W.
open access

Activity plan: Directional drilling and environmental measurements while drilling

Description: This activity plan describes the testing of directional drilling combined with environmental measurements while drilling at two Hanford Site locations. A cold test is to be conducted at the 105A Mock Tank Leak Facility in the 200 East Area. A hot test is proposed to be run at the 216-B-8 tile field north of the 241-B Tank Farm in 200 East Area. Criteria to judge the success, partial success or failure of various aspects of the test are included. The TWRS program is assessing the potential for u… more
Date: July 16, 1998
Creator: Myers, D.A.
open access

Adaptation of a nucleon-nucleus elastic scattering model for LAHET{trademark}

Description: The LAHET Monte Carlo code for the transport and interaction of nucleons, pions, muons, light ions, and antinucleons has been upgraded by the addition of an elastic scattering model for neutrons above 15 MeV and protons above 50 MeV. Earlier elastic scattering in LAHET has been limited to neutrons below 100 MeV, using a library of elastic optical-model cross sections generated using the Bechetti-Greenlees potential. The new methodology has been adapted from the HERMES code. However, the samplin… more
Date: July 1, 1995
Creator: Prael, R.E. & Madland, D.G.
open access

Adaptation of the TCLP and SW-846 methods to radioactive mixed waste

Description: Modifications of conventional sample preparation and analytical methods are necessary to provide radiation protection and to meet sensitivity requirements for regulated constituents when working with radioactive samples. Adaptations of regulatory methods for determining ``total`` Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure (TCLP) volatile and semivolatile organics and pesticides, and for conducting aqueous leaching are presented.
Date: July 1, 1994
Creator: Griest, W. H.; Schenley, R. L.; Caton, J. E. & Wolfe, P. F.
open access

Adapting classical Systems Engineering to Department of Energy (DOE) needs

Description: Rather than discuss Systems Engineering (SE) as applied by aerospace contractors to military programs, this document provides an adapted model well suited for use by DOE and represents 18 months of applying SE principles to the challenges faced by INEL. The real-life examples are drawn from INEL`s ongoing effort to integrate activities across the entire spectrum of within its Environmental Management program. Since the traditional SE process, with its initial focus on requirements identificatio… more
Date: July 1, 1996
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