# Search Results

## Uniqueness of Positive Solutions for Elliptic Dirichlet Problems

Description: In this paper we consider the question of uniqueness of positive solutions for Dirichlet problems of the form - Δ u(x)= g(λ,u(x)) in B, u(x) = 0 on ϑB, where A is the Laplace operator, B is the unit ball in RˆN, and A>0. We show that if g(λ,u)=uˆ(N+2)/(N-2) + λ, that is g has "critical growth", then large positive solutions are unique. We also prove uniqueness of large solutions when g(λ,u)=A f(u) with f(0) < 0, f "superlinear" and monotone. We use a number of methods from nonlinear functional analysis such as variational identities, Sturm comparison theorems and methods of order. We also present a regularity result on linear elliptic equation where a coefficient has critical growth.
Date: December 1990
Creator: Ali, Ismail, 1961-
Partner: UNT Libraries

## π-regular Rings

Description: The dissertation focuses on the structure of π-regular (regular) rings.
Date: May 1993
Partner: UNT Libraries

## Weakly Dense Subsets of Homogeneous Complete Boolean Algebras

Description: The primary result from this dissertation is following inequality: d(B) ≤ min(2^< wd(B),sup{λ^c(B): λ < wd(B)}) in ZFC, where B is a homogeneous complete Boolean algebra, d(B) is the density, wd(B) is the weak density, and c(B) is the cellularity of B. Chapter II of this dissertation is a general overview of homogeneous complete Boolean algebras. Assuming the existence of a weakly inaccessible cardinal, we give an example of a homogeneous complete Boolean algebra which does not attain its cellularity. In chapter III, we prove that for any integer n > 1, wd_2(B) = wd_n(B). Also in this chapter, we show that if X⊂B is κ—weakly dense for 1 < κ < sat(B), then sup{wd_κ(B):κ < sat(B)} = d(B). In chapter IV, we address the following question: If X is weakly dense in a homogeneous complete Boolean algebra B, does there necessarily exist b € B\{0} such that {x∗b: x ∈ X} is dense in B|b = {c € B: c ≤ b}? We show that the answer is no for collapsing algebras. In chapter V, we give new proofs to some well known results concerning supporting antichains. A direct consequence of these results is the relation c(B) < wd(B), i.e., the weak density of a homogeneous complete Boolean algebra B is at least as big as the cellularity. Also in this chapter, we introduce discernible sets. We prove that a discernible set of cardinality no greater than c(B) cannot be weakly dense. In chapter VI, we prove the main result of this dissertation, i.e., d(B) ≤ min(2^< wd(B),sup{λ^c(B): λ < wd(B)}). In chapter VII, we list some unsolved problems concerning this dissertation.
Date: August 1990
Creator: Bozeman, Alan Kyle
Partner: UNT Libraries

## Multifractal Analysis of Parabolic Rational Maps

Description: The investigation of the multifractal spectrum of the equilibrium measure for a parabolic rational map with a Lipschitz continuous potential, φ, which satisfies sup φ < P(φ) x∈J(T) is conducted. More specifically, the multifractal spectrum or spectrum of singularities, f(α) is studied.
Date: August 1998
Creator: Byrne, Jesse William
Partner: UNT Libraries

## Plane Curves, Convex Curves, and Their Deformation Via the Heat Equation

Description: We study the effects of a deformation via the heat equation on closed, plane curves. We begin with an overview of the theory of curves in R3. In particular, we develop the Frenet-Serret equations for any curve parametrized by arc length. This chapter is followed by an examination of curves in R2, and the resultant adjustment of the Frenet-Serret equations. We then prove the rotation index for closed, plane curves is an integer and for simple, closed, plane curves is ±1. We show that a curve is convex if and only if the curvature does not change sign, and we prove the Isoperimetric Inequality, which gives a bound on the area of a closed curve with fixed length. Finally, we study the deformation of plane curves developed by M. Gage and R. S. Hamilton. We observe that convex curves under deformation remain convex, and simple curves remain simple.
Date: August 1998
Creator: Debrecht, Johanna M.
Partner: UNT Libraries

## Existence of Many Sign Changing Non Radial Solutions for Semilinear Elliptic Problems on Annular Domains

Description: The aim of this work is the study of the existence and multiplicity of sign changing nonradial solutions to elliptic boundary value problems on annular domains.
Date: August 1998
Creator: Finan, Marcel Basil
Partner: UNT Libraries

## Using Steepest Descent to Find Energy-Minimizing Maps Satisfying Nonlinear Constraints

Description: The method of steepest descent is applied to a nonlinearly constrained optimization problem which arises in the study of liquid crystals. Let Ω denote the region bounded by two coaxial cylinders of height 1 with the outer cylinder having radius 1 and the inner having radius ρ. The problem is to find a mapping, u, from Ω into R^3 which agrees with a given function v on the surfaces of the cylinders and minimizes the energy function over the set of functions in the Sobolev space H^(1,2)(Ω; R^3) having norm 1 almost everywhere. In the variational formulation, the norm 1 condition is emulated by a constraint function B. The direction of descent studied here is given by a projected gradient, called a B-gradient, which involves the projection of a Sobolev gradient onto the tangent space for B. A numerical implementation of the algorithm, the results of which agree with the theoretical results and which is independent of any strong properties of the domain, is described. In chapter 2, the Sobolev space setting and a significant projection in the theory of Sobolev gradients are discussed. The variational formulation is introduced in Chapter 3, where the issues of differentiability and existence of gradients are explored. A theorem relating the B-gradient to the theory of Lagrange multipliers is stated as well. Basic theorems regarding the continuous steepest descent given by the Sobolev and B-gradients are stated in Chapter 4, and conditions for convergence in the application to the liquid crystal problem are given as well. Finally, in Chapter 5, the algorithm is described and numerical results are examined.
Date: August 1994
Creator: Garza, Javier, 1965-
Partner: UNT Libraries

## Sufficient Conditions for Uniqueness of Positive Solutions and Non Existence of Sign Changing Solutions for Elliptic Dirichlet Problems

Description: In this paper we study the uniqueness of positive solutions as well as the non existence of sign changing solutions for Dirichlet problems of the form \eqalign{\Delta u + g(\lambda,\ u) &= 0\quad\rm in\ \Omega,\cr u &= 0\quad\rm on\ \partial\Omega,}where $\Delta$ is the Laplace operator, $\Omega$ is a region in $\IR\sp{N}$, and $\lambda>0$ is a real parameter. For the particular function $g(\lambda,\ u)=\vert u\vert\sp{p}u+\lambda$, where $p={4\over N-2}$, and $\Omega$ is the unit ball in $\IR\sp{N}$ for $N\ge3$, we show that there are no sign changing solutions for small $\lambda$ and also we show that there are no large sign changing solutions for $\lambda$ in a compact set. We also prove uniqueness of positive solutions for $\lambda$ large when $g(\lambda,\ u)=\lambda f(u)$, where f is an increasing, sublinear, concave function with f(0) $<$ 0, and the exterior boundary of $\Omega$ is convex. In establishing our results we use a number of methods from non-linear functional analysis such as rescaling arguments, methods of order, estimation near the boundary, and moving plane arguments.
Date: August 1995
Creator: Hassanpour, Mehran
Partner: UNT Libraries

## Minimality of the Special Linear Groups

Description: Let F denote the field of real numbers, complex numbers, or a finite algebraic extension of the p-adic field. We prove that the special linear group SLn(F) with the usual topology induced by F is a minimal topological group. This is accomplished by first proving the minimality of the upper triangular group in SLn(F). The proof for the upper triangular group uses an induction argument on a chain of upper triangular subgroups and relies on general results for locally compact topological groups, quotient groups, and subgroups. Minimality of SLn(F) is concluded by appealing to the associated Lie group decomposition as the product of a compact group and an upper triangular group. We also prove the universal minimality of homeomorphism groups of one dimensional manifolds, and we give a new simple proof of the universal minimality of S∞.
Date: December 1997
Creator: Hayes, Diana Margaret
Partner: UNT Libraries

## Countable Additivity, Exhaustivity, and the Structure of Certain Banach Lattices

Description: The notion of uniform countable additivity or uniform absolute continuity is present implicitly in the Lebesgue Dominated Convergence Theorem and explicitly in the Vitali-Hahn-Saks and Nikodym Theorems, respectively. V. M. Dubrovsky studied the connection between uniform countable additivity and uniform absolute continuity in a series of papers, and Bartle, Dunford, and Schwartz established a close relationship between uniform countable additivity in ca(Σ) and operator theory for the classical continuous function spaces C(K). Numerous authors have worked extensively on extending and generalizing the theorems of the preceding authors. Specifically, we mention Bilyeu and Lewis as well as Brooks and Drewnowski, whose efforts molded the direction and focus of this paper. This paper is a study of the techniques used by Bell, Bilyeu, and Lewis in their paper on uniform exhaustivity and Banach lattices to present a Banach lattice version of two important and powerful results in measure theory by Brooks and Drewnowski. In showing that the notions of exhaustivity and continuity take on familiar forms in certain Banach lattices of measures they show that these important measure theory results follow as corollaries of the generalized Banach lattice versions. This work uses their template to generalize results established by Bator, Bilyeu, and Lewis.
Date: August 1999
Creator: Huff, Cheryl Rae
Partner: UNT Libraries

## A Continuous, Nowhere-Differentiable Function with a Dense Set of Proper Local Extrema

Description: In this paper, we use the following scheme to construct a continuous, nowhere-differentiable function 𝑓 which is the uniform limit of a sequence of sawtooth functions 𝑓ₙ : [0, 1] → [0, 1] with increasingly sharp teeth. Let 𝑋 = [0, 1] x [0, 1] and 𝐹(𝑋) be the Hausdorff metric space determined by 𝑋. We define contraction maps 𝑤₁ , 𝑤₂ , 𝑤₃ on 𝑋. These maps define a contraction map 𝑤 on 𝐹(𝑋) via 𝑤(𝐴) = 𝑤₁(𝐴) ⋃ 𝑤₂(𝐴) ⋃ 𝑤₃(𝐴). The iteration under 𝑤 of the diagonal in 𝑋 defines a sequence of graphs of continuous functions 𝑓ₙ. Since 𝑤 is a contraction map in the compact metric space 𝐹(𝑋), 𝑤 has a unique fixed point. Hence, these iterations converge to the fixed point-which turns out to be the graph of our continuous, nowhere-differentiable function 𝑓. Chapter 2 contains the background we will need to engage our task. Chapter 3 includes two results from the Baire Category Theorem. The first is the well known fact that the set of continuous, nowhere-differentiable functions on [0,1] is a residual set in 𝐶[0,1]. The second fact is that the set of continuous functions on [0,1] which have a dense set of proper local extrema is residual in 𝐶[0,1]. In the fourth and last chapter we actually construct our function and prove it is continuous, nowhere-differentiable and has a dense set of proper local extrema. Lastly we iterate the set {(0,0), (1,1)} under 𝑤 and plot its points. Any terms not defined in Chapters 2 through 4 may be found in [2,4]. The same applies to the basic properties of metric spaces which have not been explicitly stated. Throughout, we will let 𝒩 and 𝕽 denote the natural numbers and the real numbers, respectively.
Date: December 1993
Creator: Huggins, Mark C. (Mark Christopher)
Partner: UNT Libraries

## Weak and Norm Convergence of Sequences in Banach Spaces

Description: We study weak convergence of sequences in Banach spaces. In particular, we compare the notions of weak and norm convergence. Although these modes of convergence usually differ, we show that in ℓ¹ they coincide. We then show a theorem of Rosenthal's which states that if {𝓍ₙ} is a bounded sequence in a Banach space, then {𝓍ₙ} has a subsequence {𝓍'ₙ} satisfying one of the following two mutually exclusive alternatives; (i) {𝓍'ₙ} is weakly Cauchy, or (ii) {𝓍'ₙ} is equivalent to the unit vector basis of ℓ¹.
Date: December 1993
Creator: Hymel, Arthur J. (Arthur Joseph)
Partner: UNT Libraries

## Primitive Substitutive Numbers are Closed under Rational Multiplication

Description: Lehr (1991) proved that, if M(q, r) denotes the set of real numbers whose expansion in base-r is q-automatic i.e., is recognized by an automaton A = (Aq, Ar, ao, δ, φ) (or is the image under a letter to letter morphism of a fixed point of a substitution of constant length q) then M(q, r) is closed under addition and rational multiplication. Similarly if we let M(r) denote the set of real numbers α whose base-r digit expansion is ultimately primitive substitutive, i.e., contains a tail which is the image (under a letter to letter morphism) of a fixed point of a primitive substitution then in an attempt to generalize Lehr's result we show that the set M(r) is closed under multiplication by rational numbers. We also show that M(r) is not closed under addition.
Date: August 1998
Creator: Ketkar, Pallavi S. (Pallavi Subhash)
Partner: UNT Libraries

## Descriptions and Computation of Ultrapowers in L(R)

Description: The results from this dissertation are an exact computation of ultrapowers by measures on cardinals $\aleph\sb{n},\ n\in w$, in $L(\IR$), and a proof that ordinals in $L(\IR$) below $\delta\sbsp{5}{1}$ represented by descriptions and the identity function with respect to sequences of measures are cardinals. An introduction to the subject with the basic definitions and well known facts is presented in chapter I. In chapter II, we define a class of measures on the $\aleph\sb{n},\ n\in\omega$, in $L(\IR$) and derive a formula for an exact computation of the ultrapowers of cardinals by these measures. In chapter III, we give the definitions of descriptions and the lowering operator. Then we prove that ordinals represented by descriptions and the identity function are cardinals. This result combined with the fact that every cardinal $<\delta\sbsp{5}{1}$ in $L(\IR$) is represented by a description (J1), gives a characterization of cardinals in $L(\IR$) below \$\delta\sbsp{5}{1}. Concrete examples of formal computations are shown in chapter IV.
Date: August 1995
Creator: Khafizov, Farid T.
Partner: UNT Libraries

## Generalized Function Solutions to Nonlinear Wave Equations with Distribution Initial Data

Description: In this study, we consider the generalized function solutions to nonlinear wave equation with distribution initial data. J. F. Colombeau shows that the initial value problem u_tt - Δu = F(u); m(x,0) = U_0; u_t (x,0) = i_1 where the initial data u_0 and u_1 are generalized functions, has a unique generalized function solution u. Here we take a specific F and specific distributions u_0, u_1 then inspect the generalized function representatives for the initial value problem solution to see if the generalized function solution is a distribution or is more singular. Using the numerical technics, we show for specific F and specific distribution initial data u_0, u_1, there is no distribution solution.
Date: August 1996
Creator: Kim, Jongchul
Partner: UNT Libraries

## Continuous, Nowhere-Differentiable Functions with no Finite or Infinite One-Sided Derivative Anywhere

Description: In this paper, we study continuous functions with no finite or infinite one-sided derivative anywhere. In 1925, A. S. Beskovitch published an example of such a function. Since then we call them Beskovitch functions. This construction is presented in chapter 2, The example was simple enough to clear the doubts about the existence of Besicovitch functions. In 1932, S. Saks showed that the set of Besicovitch functions is only a meager set in C[0,1]. Thus the Baire category method for showing the existence of Besicovitch functions cannot be directly applied. A. P. Morse in 1938 constructed Besicovitch functions. In 1984, Maly revived the Baire category method by finding a non-empty compact subspace of (C[0,1], || • ||) with respect to which the set of Morse-Besicovitch functions is comeager.
Date: December 1994
Creator: Lee, Jae S. (Jae Seung)
Partner: UNT Libraries

## Cycles and Cliques in Steinhaus Graphs

Description: In this dissertation several results in Steinhaus graphs are investigated. First under some further conditions imposed on the induced cycles in steinhaus graphs, the order of induced cycles in Steinhaus graphs is at most [(n+3)/2]. Next the results of maximum clique size in Steinhaus graphs are used to enumerate the Steinhaus graphs having maximal cliques. Finally the concept of jumbled graphs and Posa's Lemma are used to show that almost all Steinhaus graphs are Hamiltonian.
Date: December 1994
Creator: Lim, Daekeun
Partner: UNT Libraries

## Intuition versus Formalization: Some Implications of Incompleteness on Mathematical Thought

Description: This paper describes the tension between intuition about number theory and attempts to formalize it. I will first examine the root of the dilemma, Godel's First Incompleteness Theorem, which demonstrates that in any reasonable formalization of number theory, there will be independent statements. After proving the theorem, I consider some of its consequences on intuition, focusing on Freiling's "Dart Experiment" which is based on our usual notion of the real numbers as a line. This experiment gives an apparent refutation of the Axiom of Choice and the Continuum Hypothesis; however, it also leads to an equally apparent paradox. I conclude that such paradoxes are inevitable as the formalization of mathematics takes us further from our initial intuitions.
Date: August 1994
Creator: Lindman, Phillip A. (Phillip Anthony)
Partner: UNT Libraries

## A Numerical Method for Solving Singular Differential Equations Utilizing Steepest Descent in Weighted Sobolev Spaces

Description: We develop a numerical method for solving singular differential equations and demonstrate the method on a variety of singular problems including first order ordinary differential equations, second order ordinary differential equations which have variational principles, and one partial differential equation.
Date: August 1995
Creator: Mahavier, William Ted
Partner: UNT Libraries

## On Groups of Positive Type

Description: We describe groups of positive type and prove that a group G is of positive type if and only if G admits a non-trivial partition. We completely classify groups of type 2, and present examples of other groups of positive type as well as groups of type zero.
Date: August 1995
Creator: Moore, Monty L.
Partner: UNT Libraries

## Polish Spaces and Analytic Sets

Description: A Polish space is a separable topological space that can be metrized by means of a complete metric. A subset A of a Polish space X is analytic if there is a Polish space Z and a continuous function f : Z —> X such that f(Z)= A. After proving that each uncountable Polish space contains a non-Borel analytic subset we conclude that there exists a universally measurable non-Borel set.
Date: August 1997
Creator: Muller, Kimberly (Kimberly Orisja)
Partner: UNT Libraries

## The Continuous Wavelet Transform and the Wave Front Set

Description: In this paper I formulate an explicit wavelet transform that, applied to any distribution in S^1(R^2), yields a function on phase space whose high-frequency singularities coincide precisely with the wave front set of the distribution. This characterizes the wave front set of a distribution in terms of the singularities of its wavelet transform with respect to a suitably chosen basic wavelet.
Date: December 1993
Creator: Navarro, Jaime
Partner: UNT Libraries

## Existence of a Sign-Changing Solution to a Superlinear Dirichlet Problem

Description: We study the existence, multiplicity, and nodal structure of solutions to a superlinear elliptic boundary value problem. Under specific hypotheses on the superlinearity, we show that there exist at least three nontrivial solutions. A pair of solutions are of one sign (positive and negative respectively), and the third solution changes sign exactly once. Our technique is variational, i.e., we study the critical points of the associated action functional to find solutions. First, we define a codimension 1 submanifold of a Sobolev space . This submanifold contains all weak solutions to our problem, and in our case, weak solutions are also classical solutions. We find nontrivial solutions which are local minimizers of our action functional restricted to various subsets of this submanifold. Additionally, if nondegenerate, the one-sign solutions are of Morse index 1 and the sign-changing solution has Morse index 2. We also establish that the action level of the sign-changing solution is bounded below by the sum of the two lesser levels of the one-sign solutions. Our results extend and complement the findings of Z. Q. Wang ([W]). We include a small sample of earlier works in the general area of superlinear elliptic boundary value problems.
Date: August 1995
Creator: Neuberger, John M. (John Michael)
Partner: UNT Libraries

## A Presentation of Current Research on Partitions of Lines and Space

Description: We present the results from three papers concerning partitions of vector spaces V over the set R of reals and of the set of lines in V.
Date: December 1999
Creator: Nugen, Frederick T.
Partner: UNT Libraries