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Aerodynamic Characteristics Including Scale Effect of Several Wings and Bodies Alone and in Combination at a Mach Number of 1.53
From Introduction: "In the present report, the results for the wings and bodies of revolution alone are first analyzed in comparison with exiting theory."
Aerodynamic Characteristics of Four NACA Airfoil Sections Designed for Helicopter Rotor Blades
"The purpose of the present work is to extend the previous investigation and to derive additional airfoil sections designed to minimize the undesirable characteristics of the previously tested airfoils. The tests of these additional airfoils were made in the Langley two-dimensional low-turbulence tunnel (LTT)" (p. 2).
Aerodynamic Characteristics of Several Modifications of a 0.45-Scale Model of the Vertical Tail of the Curtiss XP-62 Airplane
"In the course of an investigation to find a satisfactory vertical tail for the XP-62 airplane, a 0.45-scale vertical tail model on a stub fuselage was tested in the Langley 7- by 10-foot tunnel. This model was fitted with a flat plate to represent the horizontal tail surface. The data are presented herein for their general interest value rather than their application to this particular airplane" (p. 1).
Aerodynamic Data for a Wing Section of the Republic XF-12 Airplane Equipped With a Double Slotted Flap
Report presenting an investigation in the two-dimensional low-turbulence tunnels for the purpose of developing an optimum flap configuration for maximum lift on an airfoil section for the Republic XF-12 airplane equipped with a double slotted flap. Lift and flap loads were obtained at several flap deflections for two flap paths. Results regarding lift, drag, and flap loads are provided.
Aerodynamics of the carburetor air scoop and the engine cowling of a single-engine torpedo-bomber-type airplane
From Introduction: "An investigation of the power-plant installation of a single-engine torpedo-bomber-type airplane has been conducted in the NACA Cleveland altitude wind tunnel at the request of the Bureau of Aeronautics, Navy Department. A similar investigation was previously conducted on a three-tenths scale mock-up of the forward portion of the fuselage of this airplane in the Langley 20-foot tunnel. (See reference 1)."
Air-Flow and Performance Characteristics of Engine-Stage Supercharger of a Double-Row Radial Aircraft Engine 2: Effect of Design Variables
Report presenting an investigation to determine the effect of the location of the diffuser vanes with respect to the supercharger outlets and the effect of flow conditions at the impeller inlet on the air-flow distribution in the outlets of the engine-stage supercharger of an 18-cylinder double-row radial aircraft engine. The effect of flow conditions at the impeller inlet was investigated by distorting the flow at the inlet and noting the effect in the supercharger outlets. Results regarding the diffuser effect and inlet effect are provided.
Airscrew Gyroscopic Moments
"When flying in a turn or pulling out of a dive, the airscrew exerts a gyroscopic moment on the aircraft, In the case of airscrews with three or more blades, arranged symmetrically, the value of the gyroscopic moment is J(sub x) omega(sub x) omega(sub y), where J(sub x) denotes the axial moment of inertia about the axis of rotation of the airscrew, omega(sub x) the angular upeed of the airscrew about its axis, and omega (sub Y) the rotary speed of the whole aircraft about an axis parallel to the plane of the airscrew (e.g., when pulling up, the transverse axis of the aircraft). The gyroscopic moment then tends to rotate the aircraft about an axis perpendicular to those of the two angular speeds and, in the came of airscrews with three or more blades, is constant during a revolution of the airscrew" (p. 1).
Altitude cooling investigation of the R-2800-21 engine in the P-47G airplane 2: investigation of the engine & airplane variables affecting the cylinder temperature distribution
"The data obtained from cooling tests of an R-2800-21 engine installed in a P-47G airplane were studied to determine which engine and airplane operation variables were mainly responsible for the extremely uneven temperature distribution among the 18 engine cylinders obtained at the medium and high engine-power conditions. The tests consisted of flights at altitudes from 5000 to 35,000 feet for the normal range of engine and airplane operation. The results of the study showed that a flow condition in the induction system associated with the wide-open throttle position, which affected either the fuel air or charge distribution, was primarily responsible for the uneven temperature distribution" (p. 1).
Altitude cooling investigation of the R-2800-21 engine in the P-47g airplane 3: individual-cylinder temperature reduction by means of intake-pipe throttle and by coolant injection
"Flight tests were conducted on a R-2800-21 engine in the P-47G airplane to determine the effect on the wall temperatures of cylinder 10 of throttling the charge in the intake pipe and of injecting a water-ethanol coolant into the intake pipe. Cylinder 10 was chosen for this investigation because it runs abnormally hot (head temperatures of the order of 45 F higher than those of the next hottest cylinder) at the medium and high-power conditions. Tests with interchanged cylinders showed that the excessive temperatures of cylinder 10 were inherent in the cylinder location and were not due to the mechanical condition of the cylinder assembly" (p. 1).
Altitude-Wind-Tunnel Investigation of Oil-System Performance of XR-4360-8 Engine in XTB2D-1 Airplane
"An investigation was conducted in the Cleveland altitude wind tunnel to determine the aerodynamic characteristics and the oil delivery critical altitude of the oil-cooler installation of an XTB2D-1 airplane. The investigation was made with the propeller removed end with the engine operating at 1800 brake horsepower, an altitude of 15,000 feet (except for tests of oil-delivery critical altitude), oil-cooler flap deflections from -20 degrees to 20 degrees and inclinations of the thrust axis of 0 degrees, 1.5 degrees, and 6 degrees. At an inclination of the thrust axis of 0 degrees and with the propeller operating, the total-pressure recovery coefficient at the face of the oil cooler varied from 0.84 to 1.10 depending on the flap deflection" (p. 1).
Altitude-Wind-Tunnel Investigation of Performance of Several Propellers on YP-47M Airplane at High Blade Loading, 1, Aeroproducts H20C-162-X11M2 Four-Blade Propeller
"An investigation was made in the Cleveland Altitude wind tunnel to determine the performance of an Aeroproducts H20C-162-X11M2 four-blade propeller on a YP-47M airplane at high blade loadings and high engine powers. The propeller characteristics were obtained for a range of power coefficients from 0.30 to 1.00 at free-stream Mach numbers of 0.40 and 0.50. The results of the force measurements are indicative only of trends in propeller efficiency with changes in power coefficient and advance-diameter ratio because unknown interference effects existed during the investigation" (p. 1).
Altitude-Wind-Tunnel Investigation of Performance of Several Propellers on YP-47M Airplane at High Blade Loading 2 - Curtiss 838-1C2-18R1 Four-Blade Propeller
"An investigation was conducted in the Cleveland altitude wind tunnel to determine the performance of a Curtiss propeller with four 838-1C2-1SR1 blades on a YP-47M airplane at high blade loadings and engine powers. The study was made for a range of power coefficients between 0.30 and 1.00 at free-stream Mach numbers of 0.40 and 0.50. The results of the force measurements indicate primarily the trend of propeller efficiency for changes in power coefficient or advance-diameter ratio, inasmuch as corrections for the effects of tunnel-wall constriction on the installation have not been applied" (p. 1).
Altitude-Wind-Tunnel Investigation of Performance of Several Propellers on YP-47M Airplane at High Blade Loadings 4 - Curtiss 732-1C2-0 Four-Blade Propeller
"An altitude-wind-tunnel investigation has been made to determine the performance of a Curtiss 732-1C2-0 four-blade propeller on a YP-47M airplane at high blade loadings and engine power. Propeller characteristics were obtained for a range of power coefficients from 0.30 to 1.00 at free-stream Mach numbers of 0.40 and .50" (p. 1).
Altitude-Wind-Tunnel Investigation of Performance of Several Propellers on YP-47M Airplane at High Blade Loadings 5 - Curtiss 836-14C2-18R1 Four-Blade Propeller
An investigation of the performance of several propellers on the YP-47M airplane at high blade loadings has been conducted in the Cleveland altitude wind tunnel at the request of the Air Materiel Command, Army Air Forces. As part of the program, a study was made of a Curtiss 836-14C2-18R1 four-blade propeller. The investigation was made for a range of power coefficients from 0.10 to 1.00 at free-stream Mach numbers of 0.30, 0.40, and 0.50 for density altitudes from 10,000 to 45,000 feet, engine powers from 150 to 2500 brake horsepower, and for engine speeds from 1000 to 2900 rpm.
Altitude-Wind-Tunnel Investigation of Performance of Several Propellers on YP-47M Airplane at High Blade Loadings 6 - Hamilton Standard 6507A-2 Four- and Three-Blade Propellers
"An altitude-wind-tunnel investigation has been made to determine the performance of Hamilton Standard 6507A-2 four-blade and three-blade propellers on a YP-47M airplane at high blade loadings and high engine powers. Characteristics of the four-blase propeller were obtained for a range of power coefficients from 0.10 to 1.00 at free-stream Mach numbers of 0.20, 0.30, 0.40. Characteristics of the three-blade propeller were obtained for a range of power coefficients from 0.30 to 1.00 at a free-stream Mach number of 0.40" (p. 1).
Altitude-wind-tunnel investigations of thrust augmentation of a turbojet engine 1: Performance with tail-pipe burning
From Introduction: "Performance results of the tail-pipe burning investigation on the TG-180 turbojet engine and a comparison of experimental results with theoretical calculations are presented."
Altitude-wind-tunnel tests of power-plant installation in jet-propelled fighter
From Introduction: "The research program included clean-up tests (unpublished data) and stability and control tests (reference 1) made in the NACA Langley full-scale tunnel. An investigation of the aerodynamic characteristics of the power-plant installation in the Cleveland altitude wind tunnel is discussed in this report."
Analysis of Available Data on the Effects of Tabs on Control-Surface Hinge Moments
From Introduction: "A collection balanced-aileron test data is given in reference 1. Reference 2 presents a collection of data applicable to the design of tail surfaces. The results of analyses of data for control surfaces with internal balances, plain-overhang and Frise balances, beveled trailing edges, and unshielded horn balances have already been published in references 3 to 6."
Analysis of cooling limitations and effect of engine-cooling improvements on level-flight cruising performance of four-engine heavy bomber
From Introduction: "The difficulties experienced in cooling the exhaust-valve seats of the rear-row cylinders have been overcome to a considerable extent by improving the mixture distribution through application of the injection impeller (reference 1) and by augmenting the flow of cooling air to the critical baffles (reference 2). Flight tests of this airplane (reference 3) indicated that the temperatures of exhaust-valve seats on rear-row cylinders were markedly lowered by these modifications and that airplane range, altitude, and gross weight previously limited by these temperatures could be greatly increased."
Analysis of Deep Rectangular Shear Web Above Buckling Load
From Introduction: "An analysis of a square web above the buckling load was presented in reference 1. The analysis of reference 1 therefore was repeated for a shear web with depth/width = 2.5. Comparison of the results with those for the square web then would indicate the effect in the depth-width ratio."
Analysis of Effect of Rolling Pull-Outs on Wing and Aileron Loads of a Fighter Airplane
An analysis was made to determine the effect of rolling pull-out maneuvers on the wing and aileron loads of a typical fighter airplane, the P-47B. The results obtained indicate that higher loads are imposed upon wings and ailerons because of the rolling pull-out maneuver, than would be obtained by application of the loading requirements to which the airplane was designed. An increase of 102 lb or 15 percent of wing weight would be required if the wing were designed for rolling pull-out maneuver. It was also determined that the requirements by which the aileron was originally designed were inadequate.
Analysis of Jet-Propulsion-Engine Combustion-Chamber Pressure Losses
From Summary: "The development and the use of a chart for estimating the pressure losses in jet-engine combustion chambers are described. By means of the chart, the pressure losses due to fluid friction and to momentum changes in the air flow accompanying combustion can be separately evaluated. The over-all pressure losses computed from the pressure-loss chart are within 7 percent of the experimental values for the three types of combustion chambers considered herein."
Analysis of propeller efficiency losses associated with heated-air thermal de-icing
From Introduction: "The results of the tests made with unheated internal flow are reported in reference 1. It is the purpose of this paper to attempt to express simply the efficiency loss as a function of the parameters which govern propeller operation and the internal air flow. The derived equations are correlated with the data presented in reference 1."
Analysis of spark-ignition engine knock as seen in photographs taken at 200,000 frames per second
Report discussing a motion picture of the development of knock in a spark-ignition engine, which consists of 20 photographs taken at intervals of 5 microseconds, or at a rate of 200,000 photographs per second, with an equivalent wide-open exposure time of 6.4 microseconds for each photograph.
An analysis of the airspeeds and normal accelerations of Boeing S-307 airplanes in commercial transport operation
From Introduction: "The present paper has been prepared to give the results of the analysis of the V-G records obtained from three Boeing S-307 airplanes operating in Caribbean region and the northern part of South America during the period from 1940 to 1944."
An analysis of the airspeeds and normal accelerations of Douglas DC-3 airplanes in commercial transport operation
From Introduction: "The present report is the second prepared to give the results of an analysis of V-G data from commercial transport airplanes. The present report is concerned with an analysis of data obtained with Douglas DC-3 airplanes flying over three transcontinental routes in the United States."
An Analysis of the Factors Affecting the State of Fuel and Air Mixtures
From Introduction: "It is the purpose of this paper to describe the physical properties that are necessary to specify mixture quality in a system containing fuel and dry air and to evaluate the theoretical rolation between these properties and the physical properties of the mixture."
An analysis of the fatigue life of an airplane wing structure under overload conditions
From Introduction: "Fatigue life expectancy in normal transport operations was investigated in reference 1 and was found to be of equal importance with single-gust life. The effect of overload operation of transport airplanes on the probability of encountering single critical gusts was investigated in reference 2 and the frequency of critical gusts was found to increase rapidly with overload. The effect of overload operation on fatigue strength, however, has not heretofore been evaluated, hence the investigations of references 1 and 2 are combined herein to permit such evaluation and to determine the relative importance of fatigue and single-gust failures under conditions of overload operation."
An analysis of the indications of the University of Chicago airborne turbulence indicator in gusty air
From Introduction: "The present report has been prepared to discuss the indications obtained from the University of Chicago turbulence indicator in relation to simultaneous measurement of atmospheric gustiness made by the NACA, which are summarized herein."
An analysis of the main spray characteristics of some full-size multi-engined flying boats
From Introduction: "Because of the importance of spray height, it is the purpose of the work considered in this report to attempt to determine a correlation for the main spray height in relatively smooth water."
An analysis of the skipping characteristics of some full-size flying boats
From Introduction: "The purpose of this report is to gather together in one place information on the skipping characteristics of number of flying boats. A graph showing the influence of the hull form on the skipping characteristics is given which should be useful in laying out the proportions of the hull in preliminary design to insure good landing behavior."
Analysis of V-G Records from the SNB-1 Airplane
Availability data obtained on SNB-1 trainer-class airplanes were analyzed and results presented as flight envelopes which predict occurrences of large values of air speed and acceleration. Comparison is made with SNJ-4 trainer-class airplane data analyzed by the same method. It is concluded that flight envelopes are satisfactory; that the two types show large differences in flight loads and speeds experience; and that SNB-1 will seldom, if ever, exceed design limit load factor and restricted speed, which SNJ-4 can be expected to exceed design-limit load factor and restricted speed in a very small number of flight hours.
Analytical investigation of the use of regeneration in compressor-turbine-propeller systems
From Introduction: "The purpose of the present paper is to show in more detail the possibilities end the limitations of the use of regeneration as a means of effecting greater fuel economy and of reducing the net weight of the power plant and fuel of compressor-turbine-propeller aircraft engines."
Annual Report of the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (28th). Administrative Report Including Technical Report Nos. 727 to 751
Report includes the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics letter of submittal to the President, summaries of the committee's activities and research accomplished, bibliographies, and financial report.
Application of the Analogy Between Water Flow With a Free Surface and Two-Dimensional Compressible Gas Flow
"The theory of the hydraulic analogy -- that is, the analogy between water flow with a free surface and two-dimensional compressible gas flow -- and the limitations and conditions of the analogy are discussed. A test was run using the hydraulic analogy as applied to the flow about circular cylinders of various diameters at subsonic velocities extending into the supercritical range. The apparatus and techniques used in this application are described and criticized" (p. 311).
Application of the Method of Characteristics to Supersonic Rotational Flow
Note presenting a system for calculating the physical properties of supersonic rotational flow with axial symmetry and supersonic rotational flow in a two-dimensional field as determined by use of the characteristics method. Practical use of the system is based on a step-by-step procedure that requires long numerical calculations. Some applications were made to determine the external and internal flow on bodies of revolution with axial symmetry.
Application of the Method of Characteristics to Supersonic Rotational Flow
"A system for calculating the physical properties of supersonic rotational flow with axial symmetry and supersonic rotational flow in a two-dimensional field was determined by use of the characteristics method. The system was applied to the study of external and internal flow for supersonic inlets with axial symmetry. For a circular conical inlet the shock that occurred at the lip of the inlet became stronger as it approached the axis of the inlet and became a normal shock at the axis" (p. 111).
Approximate Formulas for the Computation of Turbulent Boundary-Layer Momentum Thicknesses in Compressible Flows
Report presenting approximate formulas for the computation of the momentum thickness of turbulent boundary layers on two-dimensional bodies, on bodies of revolution at zero angle of attack, and on the inner surfaces of round channels all in compressible flow given in the form of integrals that can be conveniently computed. Results for skin-friction formulas, laminar boundary layers, and full thickness of boundary layer are provided.
Bending-Torsion Flutter Calculations Modified by Subsonic Compressibility Corrections
Report presenting a number of calculations of bending-torsion wing flutter at two Mach numbers and a comparison of the results. The results indicated that the effect of compressibility on flutter speed for subsonic speeds with no shocks, although complicated, is relatively small in the usual cases.
Boundary-layer-control tests of two wings in the Langley Propeller-Research Tunnel
Report presenting tests of two wings, one stubbed and one regular-sized, in the propeller-research tunnel to determine the increase in lift obtainable by boundary-layer control and to determine the power required for the blower. Lift coefficients of about 3.2 were obtainable for both wings, but the pressure method required several times more power than the suction method.
Calculation of surface temperatures in steady supersonic flight
Report presenting the calculation of surface temperatures for bodies in steady supersonic flight at Mach numbers from 2 to 10, altitudes from 50,000 to 200,000 feet, and emissivites from 0 to 1. The importance of the effects of radiation and convection was determined. Some suggestions for further research into unsolved problems are also provided.
Calibration Tunnel for High Speed
"For the investigation of measuring instruments at higher speeds up to a Mach number 0.7 a tunnel with closed test section was built in 1942 which was as simple and cheap as possible. The blower was a radial blower with straight sheet vanes of 800-millimeter diameter the tips of which were bent backward a little. The blower sucks the air through a honeycomb of diameter 1.2 meter with wide meshes" (p. 1).
Calibrations of Service Pitot Tubes in the Langley 24-Inch High-Speed Tunnel
Report discusses calibration testing performed on a Kollsman type G-1 and an NAF No. 1 pitot tube at several Mach numbers and angles of attack. The effect of drain holes on the flow within the pitot tube was analyzed and the ability to estimate the error in the total pressure was created. The accuracy of the extrapolated and estimated values were found to be within reasonable limits.
Characteristics of a Hot Jet Discharged from a Jet-Propulsion Engine
From Summary: "An investigation of a heated jet was conducted in conjunction with tests of an axial-flow jet-propulsion engine in the Cleveland altitude wind tunnel. Pressure and temperature surveys were made across the jet 10 and 15 feet behind the jet-nozzle outlet of the engine. Surveys were obtained at pressure altitudes of 10,000, 20,000, 30,000, and 40,000 feet with test-section velocities from 30 to 110 feet per second and test-section temperatures from 60 F to -50 F. From measurements taken throughout the operable range of engine speeds, tail-pipe outlet temperatures from 500 F to 1250 F and jet velocities from 400 to 2200 feet per second were obtained."
Characteristics of a Sealed Internally Balanced Aileron from Tests of a 1/4-Scale Partial-Span Model of the Republic XF-12 Airplane in the Langley 19-Foot Pressure Tunnel
This paper presents the results of the aileron investigation and includes rolling-moment, yawing-moment, and aileron hinge-moment coefficients and pressure coefficients across the aileron-balance seal through a range of angle of attack, tab deflection, and aileron deflection with flaps neutral and deflected 20 degrees and 55 degrees. Some of the effects of wing roughness and balance seal leakage on the aileron and tab characteristics are also presented.
Charts for Critical Combinations of Longitudinal and Transverse Direct Stress for Flat Rectangular Plates
Report presenting the use of the energy method to derive interaction equations that define the critical combinations of longitudinal and transverse direct stress for isotropic flat rectangular plates with four different edge conditions. Charts based on the interaction equations are presented for the four cases.
Charts for the Rapid Calculation of the Work Required to Compress Dry Air
Report presenting a study of accurate values of the specific heat for dry air applied to the calculation of work required to compress dry air. Two charts are provided that allow the work of compression to be determined from the initial temperature, overall pressure ratio, and either the compression exponent or adiabatic efficiency of the compressor.
Charts of Thermodynamic Properties of Fluids Encountered in Calculations of Internal Combustion Engine Cycles
"A single chart has been prepared that simplifies the calculation of the thermodynamic properties of air, various octene-air mixtures, and mixtures of those with their products of combustion at all temperatures below which chemical dissociation becomes unimportant. The chart is based on the use of 1 pound mol of mixture, and examples of its use are given in the form of the calculation of a turbocompressor power plant and a supercharged Otto engine cycle" (p. 1).
Clamped Long Rectangular Plate Under Combined Axial Load and Normal Pressure
Note presenting a solution for the buckling load and load carried after buckling of a clamped rectangular plate with a width-length ratio of 1:4 under combined normal pressure and axial load. The results indicate that normal pressure causes a smaller increase in the buckling load of plates with clamped edges than of plates with simply supported edges.
Column and Plate Compressive Strengths of Aircraft Structural Materials: Extruded 14S-T Aluminum Alloy
"Column and plate compressive strengths of extruded 14S-T aluminum alloy were determined both within and beyond the elastic range from tests of flat-end H-section columns and from local-instability tests of H-, Z-, and channel-section columns. These tests are part of an extensive research investigation to provide data on the structural strength of various aircraft materials. The results are presented in the form of curves and charts that are suitable for use in the design and analysis of aircraft structures" (p. 1).
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