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- Education Vouchers: Constitutional Issues and Cases
- This report details the constitutional standards that currently apply to indirect aid programs and summarizes all of the pertinent state and federal court decisions, including the Ohio case that will be heard by the Supreme Court. On September 25, 2001, the Supreme Court agreed to review a case raising the controversial issue of the constitutionality of education vouchers. In Zelman v. Simmons-Harris the Sixth Circuit held Ohio’s Pilot Scholarship Program, which provided up to $2500 to help low-income students in Cleveland’s public schools attend private schools in the city, to violate the establishment of religion clause of the First Amendment.
- ”In God We Trust” on the Nation’s Coins and Currency and as the National Motto: History and Constitutionality
- This report discusses the history of the use of the phrase "In God We Trust" on the national currency, and the constitutional legality of the practice.
- Public Aid to Church Related Colleges: An Analysis of Roemer v. Board of Public Works of Maryland
- This report is on Public Aid to Church-Related Colleges: An Analysis of Roemer v. Board of Public Works of Maryland. This report will summarize the Roemer case and analyze its constitutional implications.
- Religious Discrimination in Employment: An Analysis of Trans World Airlines V. Hardison, 1977, July 11
- This report is a religious discrimination in employment.
- Supreme Court: Church-State Cases, 2001-2002 Term
- This issue brief discusses a number of Supreme Court cases that heavily concern church and state from the 2001-2002 Term. It provides detailed summaries on two decided cases, Watchtower Bible & Tract Society of New York, Inc v. Stratton, Ohio and Zelman v. Selmon-Harris.
- Iran's 2009 Presidential Elections
- This report analyzes and discusses Iran's 2009 presidential election, particularly the campaigns of reformist candidate Mir Hussein Musavi and incumbent President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad. Allegations of vote rigging and election fraud have led to protests by supporters of candidate Musavi and have provoked international attention. This report also discusses the Obama Administration's reaction to the election results. This report also discusses briefly the current relationship between the U.S. and Iran, as well as U.S. concerns regarding Iran, such as Iran's efforts at building a nuclear weapons program.
- Lebanon: Background and U.S. Relations
- This report provides an overview of Lebanese politics, recent events in Lebanon, and current issues in U.S.-Lebanon relations and will be updated to reflect major developments.
- Europe: Rising Economic Nationalism?
- No Description Available.
- European Trade Retaliation: The FSC-ETI Case
- No Description Available.
- Globalization, Worker Insecurity, and Policy Approaches
- No Description Available.
- Europe’s New Trade Agenda
- This report summarizes the European Union's new initiative, casts the initiative in a historical perspective, and assesses the implications of this shift for the global trading system and for U.S. interests.
- Globalization, Worker Insecurity, and Policy Approaches
- This report discusses the global economy, or what many call globalization, which has a growing impact on the economic futures of American companies, workers, and families. Increasing integration with the world economy makes the U.S. and other economies more productive. For most Americans, this has translated into absolute increases in living standards and real disposable incomes.
- Globalization, Worker Insecurity, and Policy Approaches
- This report discusses the global economy, or what many call globalization, which has a growing impact on the economic futures of American companies, workers, and families. Increasing integration with the world economy makes the U.S. and other economies more productive. For most Americans, this has translated into absolute increases in living standards and real disposable incomes.
- Trade and the Americas
- No Description Available.
- Trade and the Americas
- No Description Available.
- Trade Conflict and the U.S.-European Union Economic Relationship
- The United States and the European Union (EU) share a huge, dynamic, and mutually beneficial economic partnership. Not only is the U.S.-EU trade and investment relationship the largest in the world, but it is also arguably the most important. Agreement between the two partners in the past has been critical to making the world trading system more open and efficient.
- U.S.-European Union Trade Relations: Issues and Policy Challenges
- No Description Available.
- U.S.-European Union Trade Relations: Issues and Policy Challenges
- No Description Available.
- U.S.-European Union Trade Relations: Issues and Policy Challenges
- No Description Available.
- Ex-Im Bank's General Statutory Authority Expires
- This report discusses the Export-Import Bank (Ex-Im Bank), a wholly owned federal government corporation which seeks to provide direct loans, loan guarantees, and export credit insurance to: (1) support exports that the private sector is unwilling or unable to finance alone at commercially viable terms; and/or (2) counter government-backed financing offered by foreign countries through their export credit agency (ECA).
- U.S.-EU Trade and Economic Issues
- This report discusses U.S.-EU trade and economic relations, which currently face heightened tension, particularly due to the Trump Administration's trade policy, which is focusing on unilateral tariff measures under U.S. trade law and taking a critical view of the U.S. role in international economic cooperation. Given U.S.-EU historical joint leadership on global trade and economic issues, these developments could have implications for the rules-based international trading system, a foundation of the global economic order that has contributed to global economic growth and stability in the post-World War II era.
- U.S.-EU Trade and Investment Ties: Magnitude and Scope
- This report provides background information and analysis on the trade and investment relationship between the United States and the European Union. It also discusses the EU economy and issues for Congress.
- Proposed Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership (TTIP): In Brief
- Report that discusses the Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership (TTIP), that is a proposed free trade agreement (FTA) being negotiated between the United States and the European Union (EU).
- The Gray Wolf and the Endangered Species Act (ESA): A Brief Legal History
- This report provides a brief history of the laws, regulations, and lawsuits related to the wolf's protected status.
- The International Whaling Convention (IWC) and Legal Issues Related to Aboriginal Rights
- This report discusses the recent legislation regarding whaling in general, and aboriginal whaling in particular. Legislative measures, primarily in the form of concurrent resolutions, have been proposed in four categories: protesting commercial, scientific, or community (nonaboriginal) whaling; ensuring aboriginal whaling rights; providing a tax break for aboriginal whaling captains; and addressing the United States' policy at the annual meetings of the IWC.
- The Lacey Act: Protecting the Environment by Restricting Trade
- Report that looks at the history and applications of the Lacey Act, which allows the U.S. to enforce the laws of other countries.
- The Concept of a Sick Industry
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- Costs And Benefits Of Federal Regulation: An Overview
- This report consists of costs and benefits of federal regulation: an overview
- Congressional Record: Its Production, Distribution, and Accessibility
- Congressional Record.This report provides information about the Production, Distribution, and Accessibility of Congressional Record. The Congressional Record is the most widely published account of the debates and activities in congress.
- House Committee on Standards of Official Conduct: A Brief History of Its Evolution and Jurisdiction
- This report provides a history of the creation and evolution of the House Committee on Standards of Official Conduct. Also known as the House Ethics Committee and the Committee on Standards, it was first established as a select committee in 1966. It became a standing committee in 1967. Since that time, it has undergone two major reorganizations, first in 1989, and again in 1997.
- Pages of the United States Congress: History, Background Information, and Proposals for Change
- This report provides a brief history of the congressional page programs, including their duties, and background information about House and Senate pages. It also has an overview of changes and reforms from 1981-2001, and proposed changes, reforms, and various issues.
- African American Members of the United States Congress: 1870-2008
- This report provides statistics on the current numbers and roles of African American Members of Congress as well as historical data on African American Members of Congress.
- Black Members of the United States Congress: 1789-2001
- Thirty-nine black Members serve in the 107th Congress, all in the House of Representatives. In 210 years of congressional history, there have been 107 black Members of Congress: 103 elected to the House and four to the Senate. This report includes alphabetical listing of black members, selected biographical information, and committee assignments during their tenure in office.
- Congressional Record: Its Production, Distribution, and Accessibility
- The Congressional Record is the most widely recognized published account of the debates and activities in Congress. The Record often reflects the intent of Congress in enacting legislation. This fact sheet is one of a series on the legislative process.
- Guide to Individuals Seated on the Senate Dais
- This report is a brief summary of House and Senate procedures for reaching agreement on legislation. It discusses the provisions of House Rule XXII and Senate Rule XXVIII as well as other applicable rules, precedents, and practices. The report focuses on the most common and customary procedures.
- House and Senate Chaplains
- No Description Available.
- Membership of the 108th Congress: A Profile
- This report presents a profile of the membership of the 108th Congress. Included is information on numbers of Members, party affiliation, average age and length of service, occupations, religious affiliation, military service, female and minority Members, and foreign-born Members.
- Pages of the United States Congress: Selection, Duties, and Program Administration
- No Description Available.
- Secret Sessions of the House and Senate
- No Description Available.
- A User's Guide to the Congressional Record
- The Congressional Record is a substantially verbatim account of remarks made during the proceedings of the House and Senate, subject only to technical, grammatical, and typographical corrections. It consists of four main sections: the proceedings of the House and Senate, the Extensions of Remarks, and the Daily Digest. This fact sheet is one of a series on the legislative process.
- Women in the United States Congress: 1917-2004
- This report identifies the names, committee assignments, dates of service, and (for Representatives) districts of the 220 women Members of Congress.
- Women in the United States Congress: 1917-2008
- This report identifies the names, commmittee assignments, dates of service, and (for Representatives) districts of the 245 women who have served in Congress.
- Foreign Ownership of property in the United States: Federal And State Restrictions.
- This report is about Foreign Ownership of property in the United States: Federal And State Restrictions.
- Some Judicial means of Citizen Redress: Class of Actions Parens Patriae Actions Multi District Litigation, Citizens Suits Qui Tam Actions
- This report is about Some Judicial means of Citizen Redress: Class of Actions Parens Patriae Actions Multi District Litigation, Citizens Suits Qui Tam Actions
- Legislative Reference Service (Publisher)
- This report
- The Cost of Iraq, Afghanistan, and Other Global War on Terror Operations Since 9/11
- This report provides information about the Cost of Iraq, Afghanistan, and Other Global War on Terror Operations Since 9/11.
- Coming to Washington, D.C.? Sources of Information on Temporary Housing
- This report will introduce a newcomer to the Washington, D.C., metropolitan area to sources of general interest, neighborhoods, housing, and public transportation. The intended audience is congressional staff needing short-term or summer housing, although many of the sources given may also be helpful for those needing more than a three- to six-month lease. Sources suggested are often accessible by their Internet addresses.
- Enron: A Select Chronology of Congressional, Corporate, and Government Activities
- This report presents basic background information on the collapse of the Enron Corporation, identifying public policy issues in financial market oversight. This report briefly summarizes some federal laws carrying criminal penalties which may be implicated in the events surrounding the collapse of the Enron Corp. This report compares the auditing and accounting reform measures passed by the House (H.R. 3763) and reported by the Senate Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs. This report compares the major provisions of three auditor and accounting reform proposals: H.R. 3763, S. 2673, and a rule proposed on June 20, 2002, by the SEC that would create a new auditor oversight board by using the SEC’s existing authority to regulate corporate accounting. The report focuses on Section 404(a) of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act (ERISA), the federal statute that regulates employer-sponsored pension plans. Section 404(a) is considered the “touchstone for understanding the scope and object of an ERISA fiduciary’s duties.”
- Hong Kong 2005: Changes in Leadership and Issues for Congress
- The Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (HKSAR) has recently recovered from an economic downturn and the SARS virus outbreak of 2002-2003 which crippled trade and tourism. There has also been a major change in the top government personnel, with the former Chief Executive, Tung Chee-Hwa, being replaced by Donald Tsang as the new Chief Executive of Hong Kong. The next major the issue to be addressed in Hong Kong is the pace of further democratization and the the extent to which the next elections for the Legislative Counsel will be based on direct elections of all seats or a larger portion thereof.
- An Economic Analysis and Brief Legislative Overview of Usury Ceilings
- This report gives an economic analysis of usury ceilings, laws which set the maximum legal rate of interest to be charged on particular types of loans. It provides a brief overview of recent Federal l e g i s l a t i o n dealing with usury, with special emphasis on the Federal authorities mandated by P.L. 96-221, and the effectiveness of Federal preemption of State usury laws.