Congressional Research Service Reports - 177 Matching Results

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Nonmarital Childbearing: Trends, Reasons, and Public Policy Interventions

Description: This report analyzes the trends in nonmarital childbearing, discusses some of the characteristics of unwed mothers, addresses some issues involving the fathers of children born outside of marriage, covers many of the reasons for nonmarital childbearing, examines the impact of nonmarital births on families and on the nation, and presents the public policy interventions that have been used to prevent nonmarital births or ameliorate some of the negative financial consequences that are sometimes as… more
Date: November 20, 2008
Creator: Solomon-Fears, Carmen
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Parental Leave: Legislation in the 100th Congress

Description: The report discusses the argument for why America should set a standard long-term maternity leave and temporary medical disability leave. Then the opposition to this position discusses why maternity leave and medical disability leave should be decided by the employer, not the Federal government.
Date: October 1, 1987
Creator: Gladstone, Leslie W.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Pay Compatibility for Federal White-Collar Workers

Description: This report reviews the Congress's decision to freeze federal pay for one year as part of the budget resolution for the year, 1986. It discusses the standards to determine the Federal pay rate and the levels of pay that are set in place in the Federal government.
Date: August 7, 1985
Creator: Schwemle, Barbara L.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Pay Equity Legislation

Description: This report begins by showing the trend in the male-female wage gap and by examining the explanations that have been offered for its enduring presence. It next discusses the major laws directed at eliminating sex-based wage discrimination as well as relevant federal court cases. The report closes with a description of pay equity legislation that has been considered by Congress in recent years, including bills introduced in the 111th Congress.
Date: September 20, 2010
Creator: Feder, Jody & Levine, Linda
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Pay Equity Legislation

Description: This report gives an overview of "pay equity," a term referring to the fact that women as a group are paid less than men. It includes the history of pay equity, legal and legislative background, and recent legislation.
Date: June 1, 2012
Creator: Collins, Benjamin & Feder, Jody
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Pay Equity Legislation in the 107th Congress

Description: The term "pay equity" originates from the fact that women as a group are paid less than men. In 2000, for example, women with a strong commitment to the work force earned 76 cents for every dollar earned by men. As women's earnings as a percentage of men's earnings have narrowed by just 12 percentage points over the past four decades (from about 60% in the 1960s and 1970s to more than 70% in the 1990s), some members of the public policy community have argued that current anti-discrimination law… more
Date: March 26, 2001
Creator: Dale, Charles V. & Levine, Linda
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Pay Equity Legislation in the 107th Congress

Description: This report discusses the gender wage gap and the historical presence of a gendered wage gap up until the time of the report's creation. It reports how the Federal government has fought the wage gap through acts like Equal Pay Act (EPA) and Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA), and the current idea on how to correct and assist gender-based discrimination in the work force.
Date: May 30, 2001
Creator: Dale, Charles V. & Levine, Linda
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Pay Equity Legislation in the 108th Congress

Description: This report discusses the historical presence of a gendered wage gap and the acts, such as the Equal Pay Act (EPA), and compensation for workers to shrink the gap. The report discusses the opposition who believe the gender wage gap will naturally reduce when women continue working and working themselves up the corporate ladder.
Date: July 13, 2004
Creator: Dale, Charles V. & Levine, Linda
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Pay Equity Legislation in the 109th Congress

Description: This report discusses the gender wage gap and the efforts to close the gap through acts, such as Equal Pay Act (EPA), and the work to strengthen anti-discrimination laws and add additional measures to ensure gender equality in the work force. The report discusses the opposition who believes the gap will close on its own as women continue to work their way up in the workforce.
Date: May 11, 2005
Creator: Dale, Charles V. & Levine, Linda
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Pay Equity: Legislative and Legal Developments

Description: This report discusses pay equity litigation, including Wal-Mart Stores v. Dukes, a case in which the Supreme Court rejected class action status for current and former female Wal-Mart employees who allege that the company has engaged in pay discrimination.
Date: November 22, 2013
Creator: Collins, Benjamin & Feder, Jody
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Pay Equity: Legislative and Legal Developments

Description: This report begins by presenting data on earnings for male and female workers and by discussing explanations that have been offered for the differences in earnings. It next discusses the major laws directed at eliminating sex-based wage discrimination as well as relevant federal court cases. The report closes with a description of pay equity legislation that has been considered or enacted by Congress in recent years.
Date: May 20, 2016
Creator: Feder, Jody & Collins, Benjamin
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Pay Equity - The Comparable Worth Issue: Equal Pay for Work of Equal Value; By What Standards and By What Means?

Description: This report discusses the term comparable worth issue, a "theory that jobs dominated by women may be valued less not because of skills required or job content, but because they are "women's jobs (page 1)." The report analyzes historical events and lawsuits that relate to the issue of comparable worth in the workforce.
Date: April 20, 1983
Creator: Ahmuty, Alice L
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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The Proposed Equal Rights Amendment

Description: This CRS Report provides a brief legislative history of the proposed Equal Rights Amendment and a description of its current status. The report also contains pro and con analyses of the possible effects of ERA, were it to be ratified, and a discussion of questions raised by the action of Congress in extending the deadline for ratification and by the action of States that have voted to rescind their approval of the measure. This report is based in part on an earlier CRS report by Morrigene… more
Date: March 25, 1982
Creator: Gladstone, Leslie W.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Reducing Teen Pregnancy: Adolescent Family Life and Abstinence Education Programs

Description: Congressional Research Service (CRS) report entailing information about Adolescent Family Life (AFL) and Abstinence Education programs in regards to reducing teen pregnancy. Topics include, purpose of the programs, allowable projects, evaluations and research, etc.
Date: October 4, 2004
Creator: Solomon-Fears, Carmen
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Representatives and Senators: Trends in Member Characteristics Since 1945

Description: Questions about the characteristics of Members of Congress, including their age, education, previous occupations, and other descriptors, are of ongoing interest to Members, congressional staff, and constituents. Some of these questions may be asked in the context of representation, in efforts to evaluate the extent to which Members of Congress reflect their constituencies and the nation at large. In other instances, questions arise about how the characteristics of Members have changed over time… more
Date: February 17, 2012
Creator: Petersen, R. Eric
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Rothe Development Corporation v. Department of Defense: The Constitutionality of Federal Contracting Programs for Minority-Owned and Other Small Businesses

Description: This report discusses Rothe Development Corporation v. Department of Defense, a case involving a constitutional challenge to a minority contracting program authorized under Section 1207 of the Department of Defense (DOD) Authorization Act of 1987. This program allowed DOD to take 10% off the price of bids or offers submitted by "small disadvantaged businesses" in determining which bid or offer had the lowest price or represented the best value for the government.
Date: March 16, 2009
Creator: Feder, Jody & Manuel, Kate M.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Sex Discrimination and the United States Supreme Court: Developments in the Law

Description: This report focuses on sex discrimination challenges based on: the equal protection guarantees of the Fourteenth and Fifth Amendments; the prohibition against employment discrimination contained in Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964; and the prohibition against sex discrimination in education contained in Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972. Although this report focuses on recent legal developments in each of these areas, it also provides historical context by discussing selecte… more
Date: December 30, 2015
Creator: Feder, Jody
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Sex Discrimination in Education: Overview of Title IX

Description: Congressional Research Service (CRS) report entailing an overview of title IX in regards to sex discrimination in education. Topics include, a history of IX, changes attributed to title IX, continuing controversies, etc..
Date: January 14, 1998
Creator: Gladstone, Leslie W. & Galemore, Gary L.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Sex Discrimination in Education: Title IX

Description: "In response to numerous requests for information on sex discrimination in educational programs and activities, we have compiled this collection of materials" (p. 1).
Date: May 10, 1983
Creator: Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Sexual Harassment and Violence Against Women: Developments in Federal Law

Description: Gender-based discrimination, harassment, and violence against women in the home, workplace, and society at large are continuing topics of legislative and judicial concern. Legal doctrines condemning the extortion of sexual favors as a condition of employment or job advancement, and other sexually offensive workplace behaviors resulting in a "hostile environment," have evolved from judicial decisions under Title VII of the 1964 Civil Rights Act and related federal laws.
Date: May 25, 2000
Creator: Dale, Charles V.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Social Security Benefit Enhancements for Women Act of 2002 (H.R. 4069)

Description: This report discusses the passing of the Social Security Benefit Enhancements for Women Act of 2002 and how it benefits certain divorced spouses and disabled and elderly widowers. The report analyzes the specific benefits of the act and how much the act would cost and the effects on the Social Security trust funds.
Date: May 30, 2002
Creator: Nuschler, Dawn
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Survey of Federal Laws and Regulations Mandating Affirmative Action Goals, Set-asides, or Other Preference Based on Race, Gender, or Ethnicity

Description: This report provides a broad but by no means an exhaustive, survey of federal statutes and regulations that specifically refer to race, gender, or ethnicity as factors to be considered in the administration of any federal program. Such measures may include, but are not limited to, goals, timetables, set-asides, and quotas, as those terms are generally (however imperfectly) understood. Based on several searches of LEXIS/NEXIS and WESTLAW legal databases, and a variety of search strategies, the c… more
Date: September 7, 2004
Creator: Dale, Charles V. & Foley, Cassandra
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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