EPA's Mid-Term Evaluation of Vehicle Greenhouse Gas Emissions Standards Page: 1 of 3
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CRS INSIGHT
EPA's Mid-Term Evaluation of Vehicle Greenhouse Gas
Emissions Standards
December 6, 2016 (IN10619)
Related Author
. Richard K. Lattanzio
Richard K. Lattanzio, Specialist in Environmental Policy (rlattanzioacrs=locgov, 7-1754)
The One National Program
In 2009, the Obama Administration-through authorities provided to the National Highway Traffic Safety
Administration (NHTSA) and the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)-developed joint standards for fuel
economy and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions for new light-duty vehicles (defined generally as passenger cars and
light trucks). The standards (referred to as the "One National Program") were established in two phases: Phase 1 for
vehicle model years (MY) 2012-2016, finalized on May 7, 2010; and Phase 2 for MY2017-2025, finalized on October
15, 2012. The agencies promulgated the joint rulemakings with the support of an array of stakeholders-including auto
manufacturers, labor unions, the environmental community, the state of California, and other states-and intended them
to provide industry with a single regulatory voice (to avoid conflicting regulations within the federal government and
among the states) and a long-term regime (to provide greater certainty for product planning and engineering).
For a review of the requirements, authorities, and the reported benefits and costs of the One National Program, see CRS
Report R42721, Automobile and Truck Fuel Economy (CAFE) and Greenhouse Gas Standards.
The Mid-Term Evaluation
As part of the Phase 2 rulemaking, the agencies made a commitment to conduct a Mid-term Evaluation (MTE) for the
MY2022-2025 standards (40 C.F.R. 86.1818-12(h)). The agencies deemed an MTE appropriate given the long time
frame at issue in setting the standards and given NHTSA's and California's competing statutory obligations. (That is,
EPA, California, and some other states-through their authorities under the Clean Air Act (40 U.S.C. 7521(a)) and AB
1493, respectively-have finalized GHG emissions standards for MY2017-2025. Under the MTE, the agencies are
deciding whether to revise them. NHTSA, through its authorities under the Energy Policy and Conservation Act (49
U.S.C. 32902(b)(3)(B)), has finalized standards for MY2017-2021 and requires de novo rulemaking for the period
MY2022-2025.)
Through the MTE, EPA was to determine whether their standards for MY2022-2025 were still appropriate given the
latest available data and information. A final determination could result in strengthening, weakening, or retaining the
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Lattanzio, Richard K. EPA's Mid-Term Evaluation of Vehicle Greenhouse Gas Emissions Standards, report, December 6, 2016; Washington D.C.. (https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc958701/m1/1/?q=%22law%22: accessed April 25, 2024), University of North Texas Libraries, UNT Digital Library, https://digital.library.unt.edu; crediting UNT Libraries Government Documents Department.