Cuba: Issues for the 114th Congress Page: 4 of 98
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Cuba: Issues for the 114th Congress
Contents
Recent Developments...................................................................................................................... 1
Introduction ..................................................................................................................................... 2
Cuba's Political and Econom ic Environm ent............................................................................... 5
Brief H istorical Background ................................................................................................. 5
Political Conditions................................................................................................................... 6
A pril 2016 Com m unist Party Congress .......................................................................... 8
Human Rights ..................................................................................................................... 9
Economic Conditions .............................................................................................................. 13
Cuba's Foreign Relations ...................................................................................................... 17
U.S. Policy Toward Cuba .............................................................................................................. 21
Background on U .S.-Cuban Relations ................................................................................. 21
Obam a A dm inistration Policy ............................................................................................ 24
President Obama Unveils a New Policy Approach Toward Cuba ................................. 25
Reestablishm ent of D iplom atic Relations.................................................................... 26
Rescission of Cuba's Designation as a State Sponsor of International Terrorism ...... 27
Increase in Travel, Commerce, and the Flow of Information ........................................ 27
Em bargo Rem ains in Place .......................................................................................... 30
M arch 2016 Presidential Visit...................................................................................... 30
A dvancing Engagem ent ................................................................................................. 32
D ebate on the D irection of U .S. Policy ............................................................................... 34
Selected Issues in U .S.-Cuban Relations.................................................................................... 35
D iplom atic and M ilitary Engagem ent ................................................................................. 36
Restrictions on Travel and Rem ittances ............................................................................... 38
U .S. Exports and Sanctions................................................................................................. 43
State Sponsor of Terrorism D esignation ............................................................................ 48
Trademark Sanction ................................................................................................................ 53
U .S. Funding to Support D em ocracy and H um an Rights .................................................... 55
Oversight of U .S. D em ocracy A ssistance to Cuba......................................................... 57
Radio and TV Marti ................................................................................................................ 59
Migration Issues...................................................................................................................... 61
Antidrug Cooperation.............................................................................................................. 67
U.S. Property Claims............................................................................................................... 69
Outlook.......................................................................................................................................... 71
Figures
Figure 1. Provincial M ap of Cuba ............................................................................................... 4
Figure 2. Cuba: Real GDP Growth (% ) 2005-2016 ................................................................... 14
Figure 3. U .S. Exports to Cuba, 2001-2015 ............................................................................... 43
Figure 4. Maritime Interdictions of Cubans by the U.S. Coast Guard, FY2002-FY2016...... 63
Figure 5. Cuban M igration, from Ecuador to the U nited States............................................... 65Congressional Research Service
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Sullivan, Mark P. Cuba: Issues for the 114th Congress, report, November 8, 2016; Washington D.C.. (https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc944748/m1/4/?q=%22international%20affairs%22: accessed April 17, 2024), University of North Texas Libraries, UNT Digital Library, https://digital.library.unt.edu; crediting UNT Libraries Government Documents Department.