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TABLE OF CONTENTS
LIST OF FIGURES..................................................................................................................................III
LIST OF TABLES ....................................................................................................................................III
1 INTRODUCTION..............................................................................................................................1
1.1 THE HEALTHCARE SECTOR ......................................................................................................... 1
2 ENERGY USE IN HEALTHCARE FACILITIES.................................................................... 2
2.1 OVERVIEW OF INFORMATION ON HEALTHCARE ENERGY USE................................................... 2
2.2 SURVEYS AND DATABASES OF HEALTHCARE FACILITY ENERGY USE ................................... 2
2.2.1 Commercial Building Energy Consumption Survey (CBECS)............................................ 3
2.2.1.1 Overview and Documentation..................................................................................... 3
2.2.1.2 Healthcare Facilities Sampled ..................................................................................... 3
2 .2 .1.3 P rim ary D ata................................................................................................................... 4
2.2.1.4 Analysis and Results................................................................................................. 4
2.2.2 California Commercial End-Use Survey (CEUS)................................................................ 5
2.2.2.1 Overview and Documentation ..................................................................................... 5
2.2.2.2 Healthcare Facilities ................................................................................................. 5
2 .2 .2 .3 P rim ary D ata................................................................................................................... 6
2.2.2.4 Analysis and Results................................................................................................. 6
2.2.3 Commercial End-Use Surveys by California Utilities (1990s)........................................... 6
2.2.3.1 CEUS in PG&E Service Areas, 1992-93 and 1996-97 ............................................... 6
2.2.3.2 Cal-Arch Benchmarking Tool ..................................................................................... 7
2.2.4 Energy Star for Health Care & Portfolio Manager............................................................ 8
2.2.5 Johnson Controls 2007 Energy Efficiency Indicator Survey ................................................ 9
2.2.6 Energy Efficiency Incentive Programs............................................................................... 10
2.3 ENERGY EXPENDITURES IN HEALTH CARE FACILITIES ......................................................... 11
2.4 ENERGY USE IN HEALTH CARE FACILITIES............................................................................. 12
2.4.1 Total Site E nergy U se............................................................................................................ 12
2.4.2 Site Energy by End Use......................................................................................................... 13
2.4.3 Comparison of Site and Source Energy Use ...................................................................... 15
2.4.4 Healthcare vs. Other Buildings ......................................................................................... 15
2.5 END-USE APPORTIONMENT FOR CALIFORNIA HEALTH CARE BUILDINGS ............................. 17
2.6 ENERGY INTENSITY DISTRIBUTIONS: TOTAL ENERGY USE .................................................... 19
2.7 INFORMATION ABOUT MAJOR ENERGY USING SYSTEMS........................................................ 22
2.7.1 Energy Management and Conservation............................................................................. 23
2.7.2 Lighting ................................................................................................................................. 25
2 .7.3 V en tila tion.............................................................................................................................2 7
2.7.4 Cooling ..................................................................................................................................28
2.7.5 Sp ace H eating ....................................................................................................................... 30
2.7.5.1 Selected results for heating systems .......................................................................... 31
2.7.6 Domestic H ot Water .............................................................................................................. 32
2.7.6.1 Selected results for domestic hot water .................................................................... 32
2.7.7 Electrical Plug & Process Loads ....................................................................................... 33
3 ORGANIZATIONS AND PROGRAM S..................................................................................... 35
3.1 INDUSTRY ASSOCIATIONS ......................................................................................................... 35
3.1.1 American Hospital Association (AHA) .............................................................................. 35
3.2 PROFESSIONAL SOCIETIES ......................................................................................................... 35
3.2.1 American College of Healthcare Executives (ACHE) ........................................................ 35
Summary of Information and Resources Related to Energy Use in Healthcare Facilities - Version 1 i
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Synchrotron-based high-pressure research in materials science, article, Date Unknown; (https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc932535/m1/3/: accessed March 29, 2024), University of North Texas Libraries, UNT Digital Library, https://digital.library.unt.edu; crediting UNT Libraries Government Documents Department.