Synchrotron-based high-pressure research in materials science Page: 16 of 20
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Percent Time at Power
20
2Vehicle Regen Power
Battery Values
18
16
14
12
S10
8
6
4
2
2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32
Power (kW)
Figure 12. Percent time at regenerative power level.
Figure 13 is a pie chart showing the sources of battery charging. The chart shows the percent of
battery charging time when the battery experienced ideal versus non-ideal charging. Ideal charging refers
to regenerative braking during deceleration where the deceleration force is in excess of the vehicle drag
forces. On a non-hybrid vehicle, this would require the brakes to be pressed and excess energy would be
converted to heat at the brakes. In a hybrid vehicle, a portion of this excess energy can be captured and
stored for later use. Because this charge method is capturing energy that is normally lost, the charge event
is considered ideal. The second charging type is called non-ideal because the vehicle charges the battery
by the use of the internal combustion engine and generator. This can happen during acceleration,
cruising, or deceleration when excess engine load is available or when the battery state of charge has
dropped below a minimum level. . This is non-ideal because the internal combustion engine charges the
battery. In some cases, this can be beneficial for overall fuel economy by maintaining optimum load on
the engine to increase efficiency; however, it is still considered non-ideal because gasoline is used to
charge the batteries.
Figure 14 is a pie graph that shows the percent of vehicle regeneration energy captured in the battery.
By calculating total vehicle energy available at the wheels during an ideal charge event and performing a
direct comparison of energy into the battery, the percent energy into the battery can be calculated. In
addition, system losses can be determined as the difference between energy available from the vehicle and
energy into the battery. Although each component of loss cannot be determined, the total system loss can
be measured by this method. Also, it should be noted that this calculation does not take into account
losses at the battery due to charge inefficiency. This measurement is merely a calculation of how10
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Synchrotron-based high-pressure research in materials science, article, Date Unknown; (https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc930295/m1/16/: accessed April 18, 2024), University of North Texas Libraries, UNT Digital Library, https://digital.library.unt.edu; crediting UNT Libraries Government Documents Department.