A genomic analysis of the archael system Ignicoccus hospitalis-Nanoarchaeum equitans Page: 2 of 19
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Research
A genomic analysis of the archaeal system Ignicoccus
hospitalis-Nanoarchaeum equitans
Mircea Podar*, lain Anderson-, Kira S Makarova*, James G Elkins*,
Natalia Ivanovat, Mark A Wall , Athanasios Lykidist,
Kostantinos Mavromatist, Hui Sun-, Matthew E Hudson **,
Wenqiong Chen tt, Cosmin Deciu , Don Hutchison , Jonathan R Eads ,
Abraham Anderson g*, Fillipe Fernandes , Ernest Szetot, Alla Lapidust,
Nikos C Kyrpidest, Milton H Saier Jr , Paul M Richardson-,
Reinhard Rachely, Harald Hubert, Jonathan A Eisen#, Eugene V Koonin*,
Martin Keller* and Karl O Stettery
Addresses: *Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory,1 Bethel Valley Rd, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA. tDOE Joint Genome Institute,
2800 Mitchell Drive, Walnut Creek, CA 94598, USA. 'National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National
Institutes of Health, 8600 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20894, USA. Verenium Corporation, 4955 Directors Place, San Diego CA 92121, USA.
Division of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA. YLehrstuhl fur Mikrobiologie
und Archaeenzentrum, Universitat Regensburg, UniversitatstraBe 31, Regensburg, D-93053, Germany. #Genome Center, University of
California Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA. **Current address: College of Agricultural, Consumer, and Environmental
Sciences University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1101W Peabody Dr., Urbana, IL 61801, USA. "Current address: Biology Department, San
Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive San Diego, CA 92182, USA. **Current address: Amgen Inc., One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand
Oaks, CA 91320, USA.
Correspondence: Mircea Podar. Email: podarm@ornl.gov
Published: 10 November 2008 Received: 5 September 2008
Genome Biology 2008, 9:R 158 (doi:10.1 186/gb-2008-9- II -r 158) Revised: 21 October 2008
Accepted: 10 November 2008
The electronic version of this article is the complete one and can be
found online at http://genomebiology.com/2008/9/ I/R 158
2008 Podar et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which
permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Abstract
Background: The relationship between the hyperthermophiles Ignicoccus hospitals and Nanoarchaeum equitans is the
only known example of a specific association between two species of Archaea. Little is known about the mechanisms
that enable this relationship.
Results: We sequenced the complete genome of I. hospitals and found it to be the smallest among independent, free-
living organisms. A comparative genomic reconstruction suggests that the I. hospitals lineage has lost most of the genes
associated with a heterotrophic metabolism that is characteristic of most of the Crenarchaeota. A streamlined genome
is also suggested by a low frequency of paralogs and fragmentation of many operons. However, this process appears to
be partially balanced by lateral gene transfer from archaeal and bacterial sources.
Conclusions: A combination of genomic and cellular features suggests highly efficient adaptation to the low energy yield
of sulfur-hydrogen respiration and efficient inorganic carbon and nitrogen assimilation. Evidence of lateral gene exchange
between N. equitans and I. hospitalis indicates that the relationship has impacted both genomes. This association is the
simplest symbiotic system known to date and a unique model for studying mechanisms of interspecific relationships at
the genomic and metabolic levels.Genome Biology 2008, 9:RI 58
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Sun, Hui; Anderson, Iain; Makarova, Kira S.; Elkins, James G.; Ivanova, Natalia; Wall, Mark A. et al. A genomic analysis of the archael system Ignicoccus hospitalis-Nanoarchaeum equitans, article, September 1, 2008; Berkeley, California. (https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc926748/m1/2/: accessed April 24, 2024), University of North Texas Libraries, UNT Digital Library, https://digital.library.unt.edu; crediting UNT Libraries Government Documents Department.