An Analysis of Established Terrorist Identity in Political and Military Wings of Turkish Hizbullah Page: 27
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identity theory, in which the roles that are assigned to individuals are deemed as the major source
for energy to develop and maintain a group identity. This part talks about them separately, and in
the end the need to merge these theories is stressed.
Social Identity Theory
This theory addresses the self, identity, and identity development from a group
membership perspective. According to the theory, group membership and activation of the self
by this group (acceptance and approval) are sufficient causes to explain the development of an
identity. Group membership provides an understanding that one is part of a group and should
associate him or herself with that group and act accordingly (Turner et al., 1987). According to
social identity theory, this awareness encourages/forces individuals to learn the structure,
dynamics of the group and change themselves to better fit in. It is at that point where one sees the
emergence of in-group and out-group concepts.
The self associates itself with the ones who the self thinks are similar to him or her, and
labels them as "in-group", while the ones who are not members of one's group are labeled as
"out-group" persons. According to Abrams and Hogg (1988) while creating a sense of
belonging, this self categorization and self comparison also create the concept of the other which
is used to boost the group identity notion. This other or out-group concept is also utilized by the
group to maintain its existence by creating a tension to provide a sense of uniqueness for its
followers. Organized crime groups or terrorist organizations are good examples. Terrorist groups
with political and/or religious agendas need to differentiate themselves and their ways of
resolving existing problems. This distinguishes them from other social entities and make them
stand out.27
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Cinoglu, Huseyin. An Analysis of Established Terrorist Identity in Political and Military Wings of Turkish Hizbullah, dissertation, August 2008; Denton, Texas. (https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc9114/m1/37/: accessed April 23, 2024), University of North Texas Libraries, UNT Digital Library, https://digital.library.unt.edu; .