ILC Reference Design Report: Accelerator Executive Summary Page: 4 of 22
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Figure 4: Clean room environments are mandatory. Left: the assembly of eight nine-cell
TESLA cavities into a cryomodule string at DESY. Right: an ICHIRO nine-cell cavity is
prepared for initial tests at the Superconducting RF Test Facility (STF) at KEK.
The key to high-gradient performance is the ultra-clean and defect-free inner surface
of the cavity. Both cavity preparation and assembly into cavity strings for the
cryomodules must be performed in clean-room environments (Figure 4). The best
cavities have been achieved using electropolishing, a common industry practice which
was first developed for use with superconducting cavities by CERN and KEK. Over the
last few years, research at Cornell, DESY, KEK and TJNAF has led to an agreed
standard procedure for cavity preparation, depicted in Figure 5. The focus of the R&D
is now to optimize the process to guarantee the required yield. The ILC SCRF
community has developed an internationally agreed-upon plan to address the priority
issues.
EP 150 pJm inside) 4 bar rnse BCP 20 pm (outside] UHV 800-C annealing freq. field flatness tunig
,-9
EP 30 pm (inside) 100 bar HPR mst. pick-up f HCM UHV 120*C baking 100 bar HPR (6 x)
Figure 5: Birth of a nine-cell cavity: basic steps in surface treatment needed to achieve high-
performance superconducting cavities.
(EP = electropolishing; HPR = high-pressure rinsing.)
The high-gradient SCRF R&D required for ILC is expected to ramp-up world-wide
over the next years. The U.S. is currently investing in new infrastructure for nine-cell
cavity preparation and string and cryomodule assembly. These efforts are centered at
Fermilab (ILC Test Accelerator, or ILCTA), together with ANL, Cornell University,
SLAC and TJNAF. In Japan, KEK continues to ramp up its Superconducting RF Test
Facility (STF). In Europe, the focus of R&D at DESY has shifted to industrial
preparation for construction of the XFEL. There is continued R&D to support the high-
gradient program, as well as other critical ILC-related R&D such as high-power RF
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Phinney, Nan. ILC Reference Design Report: Accelerator Executive Summary, article, December 14, 2007; [Menlo Park, California]. (https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc898614/m1/4/: accessed April 24, 2024), University of North Texas Libraries, UNT Digital Library, https://digital.library.unt.edu; crediting UNT Libraries Government Documents Department.