Five New High-Redshift Quasar Lenses from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey Page: 3 of 25
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Surdej et al. 1987; Bade et al. 1997; Oscoz et al. 1997; Schechter et al. 1998; Myers et al.
1999; Morgan et al. 2001; Magain et al. 1988). The first statistical sample of 11 SQLS lenses
(Inada et al. 2008) was constructed from the SDSS Data Release 3 quasar catalog (4188
deg2; Schneider et al. 2005), and used to constrain dark energy (Oguri et al. 2008a).
The SQLS restricts the statistical lens sample to z. < 2.2 because we cannot make
a well-defined quasar sample for homogeneous lens surveys at higher redshifts. The SDSS
quasars at z. > 2.2 are required to be point sources (see Richards et al. 2002), and therefore
they have a strong bias against the homogeneous lens candidate selection (Oguri et al. 2006;
Inada et al. 2008). However, the SQLS candidate finding algorithm can easily be extended to
locate higher redshift lensed quasars (Inada et al. 2008). Such high-redshift lensed quasars
are useful for detailed studies of lensing galaxies and lensed high-redshift quasars. They
can also be used as astronomical and cosmological tools to study lensing galaxies (e.g.,
Kochanek et al. 2000) and constrain the Hubble constant (e.g., Oguri 2007). In this paper,
we report the discoveries of five lensed quasars with high source redshifts (z. = 2.237-3.626).
They were selected as lensed quasar candidates from the SDSS data, and were confirmed
as lenses with the observations at the University of Hawaii 2.2-meter telescope (UH88), the
Astrophysical Research Consortium 3.5-meter telescope (ARC 3.5m), and the 3.58-meter
Telescopic Nazionale Galileo (TNG 3.6m). All five candidates are confirmed to be double-
image lensed quasars, with image separations of 1''28-4'.'04.
The structure of this paper is as follows. Brief descriptions of the SDSS data and our
lens candidate selection algorithm are presented in 2. We present the results of imaging and
spectroscopic observations to confirm the lensing hypotheses for the five objects and estimate
the redshifts of the lensing galaxies in 3. We model the five lensed quasars in 4 and summa-
rize our results in 5. We use a standard cosmological model with matter density QM = 0.27,
cosmological constant QA = 0.73, and Hubble constant h = Ho/100kmsec-'Mpc-' = 0.71
(e.g., Spergel et al. 2003) throughout this paper.
2. SDSS Data and Candidate Selection
SDSS J0819+5356 was selected as a lens candidate in SDSS-I, and the other four lenses
were selected as lens candidates in the SDSS-II Sloan Legacy Survey. The SDSS consists of a
photometric (Gunn et al. 1998) and a spectroscopic survey, and has mapped approximately
10,000 square degrees primarily in a region centered on the North Galactic Cap, through
SDSS-I and the subsequent SDSS-II Legacy Survey. The survey was conducted with a dedi-
cated wide-field 2.5-m telescope (Gunn et al. 2006) at the Apache Point Observatory in New
Mexico, USA. The photometric survey uses five broad-band optical filters (ugriz, Fukugita
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Inada, Naohisa; Oguri, Masamune; Shin, Min-Su; Kayo, Issha; Strauss, Michael A.; Morokuma, Tomoki et al. Five New High-Redshift Quasar Lenses from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey, article, September 8, 2008; Menlo Park, California. (https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc898145/m1/3/: accessed April 18, 2024), University of North Texas Libraries, UNT Digital Library, https://digital.library.unt.edu; crediting UNT Libraries Government Documents Department.