Combinatorial Screening of Advanced Scintillators for High Resolution X-ray Detectors Page: 4 of 35
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DE-FG02-03ER83686
times. At this point the crucible may be placed in the growth furnace and brought back up to the
melting point or above and allowed to soak for several hours. Finally the crystal growth process
can begin. The growth can take between two and four weeks. Therefore, the average growth time
is over four weeks for each crystal sample. This explains that almost a century of search in
scintillators after the discovery of X-ray only produces very limited number of choices of good
scintillators. Clearly there is a need to significantly speed up the R&D of advanced scintillators.
1.2 Overall Technical Approach
In this project, Intematix proposes to fulfill three tasks based on the success of Phase I project.
The Task One is to expand the highly efficient combinatorial discovery process for
advanced scintillators developed in Phase I to ternary and pseudo-quaternary compound
systems. Over 1,000 samples will be screened to determine which crystalline compositions are
of interest. Ternary and quaternary compounds should provide more possibility to yield superior
scintillators.
The scientists of Intematix have pioneered a series of technologies that allow scientists and
engineers to dramatically speed up the discovery and development of functional materials by
integrating thousands of different materials or an entire ternary phase diagram on a single chip
since 1994 9. These technologies and related studies have formed a new field known as
combinatorial materials sciences. This method has been used to search advanced functional
materials, including superconductors9a, magneto-resistance materials9b, luminescent materials9
and dielectric materials 9d. Intematix Corporation was founded based on the extensive
experience and knowledge of its founders in this area. Intematix has recently developed a
complete line of proprietary technologies for high-speed development of functional materials.
During Phase I program, we have demonstrated that various combinatorial methods can
be successfully applied to screen of binary compound system for advanced scintillators.
Five new scintillator materials in powder form have been identified as a result. We will expand
our capability and effort search ternary and pseudo-quaternary compound systems for new
scintillator materials.
Table 1.1 is a summary of the existing state-of-the-art fast decay scintillator materials. Although
some scintillators in Table 1 already have better light yield than BGO, they have other problems
(marked by italic font in Table 1), such as longer decay time, less density and therefore longer
radiation length. Lu2SiO5 is better than BGO in speed, light output, and density; however, it is an
expansive material (i.e. Lu element) to grow large pieces of crystals.
9 (a) A Combinatorial method to material discovery X.-D. Xiang, X.Sun, G. Briceno, Y.Lou, K.-A. Wang, H.
Chang, W.G. Wallace-Freedman, S.-W. Chen, P.G. Schultz, Science Vol. 268, 1738-1740 (1995); (b). A class of
cobalt oxide magnetoresistance materials discovered by combinatorial synthesis . G. Briceno, H. Chang, X. Sun,
P.G. Schultz, X.-D. Xiang, Science Vol. 270 , 273-275 (1995); (c), Solution-phase synthesis of luminescent
materials libraries X. Sun, K.A. Wang, Y.Yoo, W.G. Wallace-Freedman, C. Gao, X.D. Xiang, P. Schultz,
Advanced Materials Vol.9, 1046 (1998); (d) Combinatorial synthesis and high throughput evaluation of
ferroelectric/dielectric thin-film libraries for microwave applications. Chang, H.; Gao, C.; Takeuchi, I.; Yoo, Y.;
Wang, J.; Schultz, P.G.; Xiang, X.-D.; Sharma, R.P.; Downes, M.; Venkatesan, Applied Physics Letters, vol.72,
(no.17), AIP, 27 April 1998
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Cheng, Shifan; Tao, Dejie; Lynch, Michael; Yuan, Xianglong & Li, Yiqun. Combinatorial Screening of Advanced Scintillators for High Resolution X-ray Detectors, report, May 12, 2008; United States. (https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc897342/m1/4/: accessed April 25, 2024), University of North Texas Libraries, UNT Digital Library, https://digital.library.unt.edu; crediting UNT Libraries Government Documents Department.