The effect of SO2 on mineral carbonation in batch tests Page: 3 of 10
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Table 2. Composition of CRB feed and solid products of
carbonation tests. Analyses in weight percent.
Oxide Species CRB Test Products
Feed SC-516 SC-517
A1203 13.28 11.58 12.60
CaO 8.17 8.03 8.56
Cr2O3 0.08 0.07 0.08
FeO 10.37 9.74 9.92
Fe2O3 1.69 2.80 2.47
MgO 4.94 4.86 4.71
NiO 0.01 0.01 0.01
K20 0.90 0.83 0.84
SiO2 51.56 50.27 48.99
Na20 2.36 3.41 4.10
SO4 0.03 0.02 0.28
S (excess) 0.00 0.00 -0.01
CO2 <0.1 1.83 2.39
C (excess) 0.01 0.03 0.05
H20, dehyd.2 0.65 0.76 0.49
H20, chem.3 0.95 1.36 1.80
Total 95.09 95.61 97.29
LOI4 1.74 4.00 5.00
Excess S and C are calculated by subtraction of S in SO4
and C in CO2 from total S and total C, respectively.
2 Water of dehydration (free moisture), measured as
weight loss after heating for 1 hour at 1050 C in air.
3 Chemically bonded (interstitial) water, calculated as the
difference between the LOI and all other volatiles.
4 Loss on Ignition, measured as weight loss after heating
for 1 hour at 1,000 C in argon.of the olivine family. Magnesium
(Mg), calcium (Ca), and ferrous iron
(Fe 2) in the samples are considered
potentially available for carbonation.
Magnesium is the most abundant cation
available to carbonate in forsterite,
although ferrous iron is also present.
Basalt contains lesser but significant
amounts of all three cations, and the
source minerals include oxides as well
as silicates. The average of three
analyses of feeds for tests on TSO is
shown in table 1; analysis of the feed to
the CRB tests is shown in table 2.
The TSO and CRB feed materials were
initially ground to a nominal size of
minus 75 microns in laboratory-scale
rod and/or ball mills. Each was then
ground in a high-intensity attrition mill
for one hour; the TSO was attrited dry,
and the CRB was attrited in a 50%-
solids slurry with tap water. These
materials were used as feed in
carbonation experiments using test
procedures and conditions standardized
at ARC.
In each test, 167 grams of mineral werecombined with a 0.64M NaHCO3 and 1M NaCl carrier solution in a 15%-solids slurry and fed
to a 2-liter autoclave. The system was then purged with CO2, pressurized to 150 psi (10 atm)
gas (CO2 or CO2+SO2), stirred at 1000 rpm, heated to the test temperature of 1850 C (the
warm-up period was 1 hr), and held at temperature and pressure for lhr (TSO) or 6 hr (CRB).
After the test, the slurry was cooled to 850 C, depressurized to atmospheric pressure, and then
drained from the autoclave. Solids and liquid were separated in a pressure filter, the solids
were dried at 1050 C and weighed, and samples of the dried product solids and product liquid
were submitted for chemical analysis. The combined Mg, Ca, and Fe2+ analyses of the feed
were used to calculate maximum CO2 capture potential; CO2 content of the solid carbonation
product was compared to this number to give a percent stoichiometric conversion to carbonate
(O'Connor et al., 2002).
In order to determine which constituents of the basalt were affected by reactions with CO2
and/or SO2, solid products from the tests on CRB material were examined with a scanning
electron microscope (SEM). Spot analyses were performed on some of the mineral grains
using energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX).
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Summers, Cathy A.; Dahlin, David C. & Ochs, Thomas L. The effect of SO2 on mineral carbonation in batch tests, article, January 1, 2004; (https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc887352/m1/3/: accessed April 19, 2024), University of North Texas Libraries, UNT Digital Library, https://digital.library.unt.edu; crediting UNT Libraries Government Documents Department.