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sensitive to energies above 10 keV, did not allow a full spectral characterization of the radiation.
The total number of photons integrated over the bandwidths of the filters is more than 108
photons, per shot and integrated over all angles, which is in close agreement with the result
expected from the simulation. Second, the radiation is found to be collimated in a narrow cone
centered on the laser axis. For plasma parameters at which the x-ray intensity is maximum, the
spatial distribution is larger than the size of the CCD area (using our experimental setup) and
is obtained by rotating the x-ray CCD around the gas jet. The x-ray beam divergence, averaged
over more than ten shots, is found to be A0=50 20 mrad at FWHM. More collimated x-ray
beams have been observed at slightly lower electron density where the x-ray signal is weaker.
The beam divergence can reach 20 mrad (FWHM) in that case. A third striking feature of the
observed x-ray emission is its intensity as a function of the electron density of the plasma. We
found that the radiative process is more efficient at the plasma density ne= 1.1 x 1019 cm-3 at
which the x-ray intensity is sharply peaked.
References
[1] S. Sepke, Y.Y. Lau, J.P. Holloway, and, D. Umstadter, "Thomson Scattering and Pon-
deromotive Intermodulation within Standing Laser Beat Waves in Plasma," Phys. Rev. E
2005 (in press).
[2] D. Umstadter,S. Sepke, S.Y. Chen, "Relativistic Nonlinear Optics," Advances in Atomic
and Molecular Physics, Chap. 7, 152 (2005).
[3] Sudeep Banerjee, Scott Sepke, Rahul Shah, Anthony Valenzuela, Anatoly Maksimchuk,
and Donald Umstadter, "Optical Deflection and Temporal Characterization of an Ultrafast
Laser-Produced Electron Beam," Phys. Rev. Lett. 95, 035004 (2005).
[4] Kim Ta Phuoc, Frderic Burgy, Jean-Philippe Rousseau, Victor Malka, Antoine Rousse,
Rahul Shah, Donald Umstadter, Alexander Pukhov and Sergei Kiselev, "Laser based syn-
chrotron radiation," Phys. Plasmas 12, 023101 (2005).
[5] E. S. Dodd, J. K. Kim, and D. Umstadter, "Simulation of ultrashort electron pulse gen-
eration from optical injection into wake-field plasma waves," Phys. Rev. E 70, 056410
(2004).
[6] Antoine Rousse, Kim Ta Phuoc, Rahul Shah, Alexander Pukhov, Eric Lefebvre, Victor
Malka, Sergey Kiselev, Frderic Burgy, Jean-Philippe Rousseau, Donald Umstadter, and
Danile Hulin, "Production of a keV X-Ray Beam from Synchrotron Radiation in Relativis-
tic Laser-Plasma Interaction," Phys. Rev. Lett. 93, 135005 (2004).
[7] D. Umstadter, "Relativistic Nonlinear Optics," Encyclopedia of Modern Optics, edited by
Robert D. Guenther, Duncan G. Steel and Leopold Bayvel, Elsevier, Oxford, (2004), p.
289 [invited].
[8] K. Ta Phuoc, A. Rousse, M. Pittman, J. P. Rousseau, V. Malka, S. Fritzler, D. Umstadter,
and D. Hulin, "X-Ray Radiation from Nonlinear Thomson Scattering of an Intense Fem-
tosecond Laser on Relativistic Electrons in a Helium Plasma," Phys. Rev. Lett. 91, 195001
(2003).
[9] Y. Y. Lau, Fei He, Donald P. Umstadter, and Richard Kowalczyk, "Nonlinear Thomson
scattering: A tutorial," Phys. Plasmas 10, 2155 (2003).
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Umstadter, Donald. Laser-Produced Coherent X-Ray Sources, report, January 31, 2007; Ann Arbor, Michigan. (https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc884562/m1/4/: accessed April 19, 2024), University of North Texas Libraries, UNT Digital Library, https://digital.library.unt.edu; crediting UNT Libraries Government Documents Department.