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compressor (60 psi) and a main compressor (5,000 psi).
Using six storage tanks, the CNG is stored using a
three-stage cascade pressure arrangement at 3,600 (3
tanks), 4,500 (2 tanks), and 5,000 psi (1 tank), which
allows cascade CNG fueling operations and the blending
of CNG with hydrogen (Figure 8).II >
Figure 5. Four IR and UV corner flame detectors.
Il/i
Figure 6. Two IR and UV midlevel flame detectors.
Any venting or draining of the system is to the vent
stack, where hydrogen is released above the roofline of
the building. Design of the system eliminates any direct
human contact with hydrogen. A helium purge is
available to inert the vent stack, and a nitrogen purge is
used as an intermediary in any event that requires
opening of the hydrogen system. Nitrogen purge points
have been strategically designed into the system to
adequately ensure safe operation and maintenance. In
addition, all of the equipment has been well grounded to
eliminate static electricity and lightning as an ignition
source.
PILOT PLANT-CNG SUBSYSTEM
The objectives of constructing and operating the CNG
subsystem are to:
* Evaluate the cost and benefit of operating a natural
gas fueling system
* Evaluate the safety of a natural gas fueling system
* Provide a fuel source for AVTA- and APS-operated
CNG and H/CNG ICE vehicles.
The CNG subsystem (Figure 7) includes compression of
natural gas from street service by way of a boostBoost
CompressorMain
Compressor~1
L
CNG
OutputHigh Pressure Storage
(3 levels)
Figure 7. APS Alternative Fuel Pilot Plant compressed
natural gas subsystem.
FL ~~yL.E
Figure 8. Compressed natural gas (CNG) tanks.
PILOT PLANT-FUEL DISPENSING
The hydrogen and CNG motor fuel is dispensed by
independent dispensers. One dispenser is used for
100% hydrogen and H/CNG blends, and one dispenser
is used for CNG (Figure 9). The hydrogen dispenser is
dual-station: one hose dispenses 100% hydrogen into a
vehicle with a pressure rating up to 5,000 psi; the other
hose dispenses H/CNG blends at a pressure rating of up
to 3,600 psi. The CNG dispenser has two identical
hoses, providing CNG at a pressure rating of up to 3,600
psi.
Each dispenser has its own display. The displays
indicate the amount of fuel dispensed in GGE (gasoline
gallon equivalents), the unit cost per GGE, and the total
cost for the fuel dispensed. The output hose assemblies
and the nozzle that connects to the vehicle are
coordinated with the type of fuel to be dispensed.
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Francfort, J. & Karner, D. Hydrogen ICE Vehicle Testing Activities, article, April 1, 2006; [Idaho Falls, Idaho]. (https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc880113/m1/4/: accessed April 19, 2024), University of North Texas Libraries, UNT Digital Library, https://digital.library.unt.edu; crediting UNT Libraries Government Documents Department.