Selective NOx Recirculation for Stationary Lean-Burn Natural Gas Engines Page: 3 of 59
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Abstract
The research program conducted at the Center for Alternative Fuels, Engine and Emissions
(CAFEE) at West Virginia University is directed towards the verification and optimization of an
approach to remove oxides of nitrogen (NOx) from the exhaust gas of stationary lean-burn
natural gas engines. This program is sponsored by the US Department of Energy, National
Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL) under contract number: DE-FC26-02NT41608.
Selective NOx Recirculation (SNR) involves cooling the engine exhaust gas and then adsorbing
the oxides of nitrogen (NOx) from the exhaust stream, followed by the periodic desorption of
NOx. By returning the desorbed, concentrated NOx into the engine intake and through the
combustion chamber, a percentage of the NOx is - decomposed during the combustion process.
An initial study of NOx decomposition during lean-burn combustion was concluded in 2004
using a 1993 Cummins L10G 240hp natural gas engine. It was observed that the air/fuel ratio,
injected NO (nitric oxide) quantity and engine operating points affected NOx decomposition
rates of the engine. Chemical kinetic modeling results were also used to determine optimum
NOx decomposition operating points and were published in the 2004 annual report. A NOx
decomposition rate of 27% was measured from this engine under lean-burn conditions while
the software model predicted between 35-42% NOx decomposition for similar conditions.
A later technology 1998 Cummins L10G 280hp natural gas engine was procured with the
assistance of Cummins Inc. to replace the previous engine used for 2005 experimental
research. The new engine was equipped with an electronic fuel management system with
closed-loop control that provided a more stable air/fuel ratio control and improved the
repeatability of the tests. The engine was instrumented with an in-cylinder pressure
measurement system and electronic controls, and was adapted to operate over a range of
air/fuel ratios. The engine was connected to a newly commissioned 300hp alternating current
(AC) motoring dynamometer.
The second experimental campaign was performed to acquire both stoichiometric and slightly
rich (0.97 lambda ratio) burn NOx decomposition rates. Effects of engine load and speed on
decomposition were quantified, but Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) was not varied
independently. Decomposition rates of up to 92% were demonstrated. Following
recommendations at the 2004 ARES peer review meeting at Argonne National Laboratories, in-iii
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Clark, Nigel; Thompson, Gregory; Atkinson, Richard; Turton, Richard; Tissera, Chamila; Tatli, Emre et al. Selective NOx Recirculation for Stationary Lean-Burn Natural Gas Engines, report, December 28, 2005; United States. (https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc879436/m1/3/: accessed April 25, 2024), University of North Texas Libraries, UNT Digital Library, https://digital.library.unt.edu; crediting UNT Libraries Government Documents Department.