Measurements and Modeling of Environmental Tobacco Smoke Leakage From a Simulated Smoking Room Page: 1 of 7
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MEASUREMENTS AND MODELING OF ENVIRONMENTAL
TOBACCO SMOKE LEAKAGE FROM A SIMULATED SMOKING
ROOM
J Wagnerl*, DP Sullivan2, D Faulkner2, LA Gundel2, WJ Fisk2, LE Alevantis , and JM
Waldman1
1 Environmental Health Laboratory, California Dept. of Health Services, Berkeley, CA, USA
2Indoor Environment Dept., Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
ABSTRACT
The purpose of this study is to quantify the effect of various design and operating parameters
on smoking room performance. Twenty-eight experiments were conducted in a simulated
smoking room with a smoking machine and an automatic door opener. Measurements were
made of air flows, pressures, temperatures, two particle-phase ETS tracers, two gas-phase
ETS tracers, and sulfur hexafluoride. Quantification of leakage flows, the effect of these leaks
on smoking room performance and non-smoker exposure, and the relative importance of each
leakage mechanism are presented. The results indicate that the first priority for an effective
smoking room is to depressurize it with respect to adjoining non-smoking areas. Another
important ETS leakage mechanism is the pumping action of the smoking room door.
Substituting a sliding door for a standard swing-type door reduced this source of ETS leakage
significantly. Measured results correlated well with model predictions (R2= 0.82-0.99).
INDEX TERMS
Environmental tobacco smoke, Ventilation, Chamber studies, Nicotine, Smoking room.
INTRODUCTION
The objective of this work was to quantify environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) leakage as a
function of various smoking room operating and design parameters and measure its impact on
performance. Smoking room performance was measured by releasing sulfur hexafluoride
(SF6) in a manner that simulated ETS generation. In some cases, however, the dynamics and
transport of the various ETS components can differ substantially from that of SF6 (Alevantis
et al., 1994) and from each other (Daisey, 1999). To address this issue, four particle- and gas-
phase ETS tracers were measured in a subset of the tests.
Three potential ETS leakage mechanisms were investigated: (a) leakage through wall cracks
or the gap under the door when the smoking room is pressurized relative to the non-smoking
area; (b) leakage via the pumping action of the door as occupants enter and leave the
smoking room; and (c) leakage through the overhead ceiling plenum. If the plenum above the
smoking room is not isolated from the adjoining space's plenum, ETS can leak into the shared
plenum. If ventilation systems for the non-smoking areas draw return air from the plenum,
ETS can be recirculated into these areas. Keeping the smoking room depressurized relative to
the overhead plenum will minimize leakage when the door is closed. Whenever the door
opens, however, the smoking room pressure will quickly equilibrate with that of the non-
smoking area and become higher than that of the plenum. This situation, while improved, canContact author email: jwagner@dhs.ca.gov
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Wagner, J.; Sullivan, D. P.; Faulkner, D.; Gundel, L. A.; Fisk, W. J.; Alevantis, L. E. et al. Measurements and Modeling of Environmental Tobacco Smoke Leakage From a Simulated Smoking Room, report, March 1, 2002; Berkeley, California. (https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc879189/m1/1/: accessed April 18, 2024), University of North Texas Libraries, UNT Digital Library, https://digital.library.unt.edu; crediting UNT Libraries Government Documents Department.