Space-charge transport limits of ion beams in periodic quadrupole focusing channels Page: 4 of 19
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this process. Extensive self-consistent particle in cell simulations are employed to
better quantify space-charge limit and verify core-particle model predictions.
Key words: intense beam, space charge, emittance growth, simulation
PA CS: 29.27.Bd, 41.75.-i, 52.59.Sa, 52.27.Jt
1 Introduction
The maximum transportable current density of an ion beam with high space-
charge intensity propagating in a periodic focusing lattice is a problem of
practical importance[1,2]. Accelerator applications such as Heavy Ion Fusion
(HIF), High Energy Density Physics (HEDP), and transmutation of nuclear
waste demand a large flux of particles on target. A limit to the maximum cur-
rent density can result from a variety of factors: instability of low-order mo-
ments of the beam describing the centroid and envelope, instability of higher
order collective modes internal to the beam, growth in statistical phase-space
area (rms emittance growth), excessive halo generation, and species contam-
ination associated with issues such as the electron cloud problem. Simula-
tions were first used to analyze the maximum current density transportable in
quadrupole channels[3,4] and provided guidance beyond initial heuristic esti-
mates[5]. Experiments later obtained results consistent with simulations[1,2].
The present work describes a promising new approach toward predicting the
maximum transportable current density in a periodic quadrupole lattice due
to intrinsic space-charge limits[6]. Previous studies to predict space-charge
related transport limits in the absence of focusing errors and species contam-
Email address: SMLund@llnl.gov (Steven M. Lund).2
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Lund, S M & Chawla, S R. Space-charge transport limits of ion beams in periodic quadrupole focusing channels, article, March 3, 2006; Livermore, California. (https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc879038/m1/4/: accessed April 19, 2024), University of North Texas Libraries, UNT Digital Library, https://digital.library.unt.edu; crediting UNT Libraries Government Documents Department.