Reaction of Inconel 690 and 693 in Iron Phosphate Melts: Alternative Glasses for Waste Vitrification Page: 3 of 15
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
The corrosion resistance of candidate materials used for the electrodes (Inconel
690 & 693) and the melt contact refractory (Monofrax K-3) in a Joule Heated Melter
(JHM) has been investigated at the University of Missouri-Rolla (UMR) during the period
from June 1, 2004 to August 31, 2005. This work was supported by the U.S. Department
of Energy (DOE) Office of Biological and Environmental Research (DE-FG02-
04ER63831).
The unusual properties and characteristics of iron phosphate glasses, as viewed
from the standpoint of alternative glasses for vitrifying nuclear and hazardous wastes
which contain components that make them poorly suited for vitrification in borosilicate
glass, were recently discovered at UMR. The expanding national and international
interest in iron phosphate glasses for waste vitrification stems from their rapid melting
and chemical homogenization which results in higher furnace output, their high waste
loading that varies from 32 wt% up to 75 wt% for the Hanford LAW and HLW,
respectively, and the outstanding chemical durability of the iron phosphate wasteforms
which meets all present DOE requirements (PCT and VHT). The higher waste loading in
iron phosphate glasses, compared to the baseline borosilicate glass, can reduce the
time and cost of vitrification considerably since a much smaller mass of glass will be
produced, for example, about 43% less glass when the LAW at Hanford is vitrified in an
iron phosphate glass according to PNNL estimates.
In view of the promising performance of iron phosphate glasses, information is
needed for how to best melt these glasses on the scale needed for practical use. Melting
iron phosphate glasses in a JHM is considered the preferred method at this time
because its design could be nearly identical to the JHM now used to melt borosilicate
glasses at the Defense Waste Processing Facility (DWPF), Westinghouse Savannah
River Co. Therefore, it is important to have information for the corrosion of candidate
electrode and refractory materials in iron phosphate melts in a JHM.
During the period from June 1, 2004 to August 31, 2005, the corrosion resistance
of coupons of Inconel 690 & 693 metals and Monofrax K-3 refractory, partially
submerged in several iron phosphate melts at 950-12000C, has been investigated to
determine whether iron phosphate glasses could be melted in a JHM equipped with such
electrodes and refractory in the same manner as now being used to melt borosilicate
glass. These representative iron phosphate melts, which contained 30 wt% Hanford2
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Day, Delbert E. Kim, Cheol-Woon. Reaction of Inconel 690 and 693 in Iron Phosphate Melts: Alternative Glasses for Waste Vitrification, report, September 13, 2005; United States. (https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc875342/m1/3/: accessed April 24, 2024), University of North Texas Libraries, UNT Digital Library, https://digital.library.unt.edu; crediting UNT Libraries Government Documents Department.