Fixed field alternating gradient accelerators have many features which require careful modeling in simulation. They accept beams over an extremely large momentum range, generally at least a factor of 2. They often use magnets whose lengths are comparable to their apertures. The beam often makes large angles with respect to the magnet axis and pole face normal. In some applications (muons in particular), the beam occupies a substantial fraction of the magnet aperture. The longitudinal dynamics in these machines often differ significantly from what one finds in more conventional machines such as synchrotrons. These characteristics require that simulation codes be …
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Fixed field alternating gradient accelerators have many features which require careful modeling in simulation. They accept beams over an extremely large momentum range, generally at least a factor of 2. They often use magnets whose lengths are comparable to their apertures. The beam often makes large angles with respect to the magnet axis and pole face normal. In some applications (muons in particular), the beam occupies a substantial fraction of the magnet aperture. The longitudinal dynamics in these machines often differ significantly from what one finds in more conventional machines such as synchrotrons. These characteristics require that simulation codes be careful to avoid inappropriate approximations in describing particle motion in FFAGs. One must properly treat the coordinate system geometry independently from the magnetic fields. One cannot blindly assume that phase space variables are small. One must take magnet end fields properly into account. Finally, one must carefully consider what it means to have a ''matched'' distribution that is injected into these machines.
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