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Integrated Modeling of Building Energy Requirements Incorporating
Solar Assisted Cooling
Ryan Firestone, Chris Marnay*, and Juan Wang
*1 Cyclotron Road MS-90-R4000, Berkeley, CA 94720-8136, USA, tel: +1.510.486.7028, fax:
+1.510.486.7976, e-mail C Marnay@lbl.qov, URL: der.lbl.gov
1. Introduction
This paper expands on prior Berkeley Lab work on integrated simulation of
building energy systems by the addition of active solar thermal collecting
devices, technology options not previously considered (Siddiqui et al 2005).
Collectors can be used as an alternative or additional source of hot water to
heat recovery from reciprocating engines or microturbines. An example study
is presented that evaluates the operation of solar assisted cooling at a large
mail sorting facility in southern California with negligible heat loads and year-
round cooling loads. Under current conditions solar thermal energy collection
proves an unattractive option, but is a viable carbon emission control strategy.
2. Distributed Energy Resources Customer Adoption Model
The Distributed Energy Resources Customer Adoption Model (DER-CAM)
finds the cost minimizing optimal combination of equipment and operating
schedule to meet the useful energy flows required at a site, given end-use
energy loads, electricity and natural gas prices, and DER equipment options.
Slide 2 shows the flows of energy in a building from the inflows of purchased
or solar energy on the left towards the useful energy flows on the right. DER-
CAM solves this entire system simultaneously.
3. San Bernardino Mail Sorting Facility
The mail sorting facility is a huge (25 000 m2) building in the desert east of
Los Angeles. Daytime maximum temperatures average 40 C in summer but
fall to 23 C at midnight, while winter highs are only about 15 C, and it never
freezes. Each evening and night, machinery processes 2 million pieces of
mail, resulting in year-round cooling loads and a 1.6 MW summer peak
electrical load near midnight. Electricity consumption totals about 2 GWh/a
for cooling and 8 GWh/a for all other uses, leading to a total annual energy bill
of US$930,000 (US$0.09/kWh). Heating loads are negligible. High electricity
prices, abundant solar radiation and a large rooftop area, and year-round
cooling loads make this building an apparent prime candidate for solar cooling.
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Firestone, Ryan; Marnay, Chris & Wang, Juan. Integrated Modeling of Building Energy Requirements IncorporatingSolar Assisted Cooling, article, August 10, 2005; (https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc874259/m1/1/: accessed April 19, 2024), University of North Texas Libraries, UNT Digital Library, https://digital.library.unt.edu; crediting UNT Libraries Government Documents Department.