Malnutrition And Food Aid Programs: A Case Study From Guatemala Page: 49
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49
For the purposes of this study, the features and organization of
PL-480 should be restated in order to provide the framework for examin-
ing the consequences of food aid. As previously mentioned, the Food For
Peace Act contains two titles: Title I and Title II. Title I involves
the sale of agricultural commodities for local currencies and dollars
under long-term credit arrangements. Title II provides donations of
food distributed to recipient countries through international agencies,
particularly private volunteer organizations. These donations fall
into two categories: "regular" food aid programs and emergency relief
programs. Regular food aid programs involve day-to-day food assistance
which attempts to deal with the problems of chronic food shortages and
malnutrition. These regular food aid programs include three types:
1) Maternal/Child health programs, 2) school lunch programs and 3) Food
For Work programs, all of which fall under Title II. Emergency relief
programs are designed to cope with acute food shortages and related
problems which result from disaster situations.
It should be noted here that PL-480 is managed by three different
agencies which include the Department of State, the Department of Agri-
culture and the Agency for International Development (AID). Each of
these agencies are responsible for the different concerns with regard
to Food For Peace that fall under their respective jurisdictions. For
example, the State Department is in charge of the foreign policy aspect,
while the Agriculture Department is involved in the domestic (agri-
culture) policy decision-making and AID, with foreign economic develop-
ment (Bard 1972).
There are several criticisms which have been leveled at the United
States food aid programs, and, they can probably be applied to all
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Rodeheaver, Daniel Gilbert, 1954-; Bates, Frederick L. & Murphy, Arthur D. Malnutrition And Food Aid Programs: A Case Study From Guatemala, report, May 1982; (https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc84342/m1/62/: accessed April 19, 2024), University of North Texas Libraries, UNT Digital Library, https://digital.library.unt.edu; crediting UNT College of Public Affairs and Community Service.