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(Temperature) Conditions Present in the Field
eThe cell (module) temperature can be
predicted from popular models
(King, Faiman, etc.)
D.L. King et. al., SAND2004-3535 2004; 1-
D. Faiman D, Prog. Photovolt: Res. Apple. ;ev, ga
"Tmax of 105 C achievable for open circuited,
roof-mounted modules in desert location
" A greater Tmax may be realized during the
reverse bias condition induced by partial
shading, current mismatch, cell or interconnect
failure
" Localized Tmax > 150 C achievable during the
"hot-spot" condition
" Other factors (e.g., moisture) are also present
in the field
L)
0
ci)
E
H-
700
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0
0
20
40 60
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Teu {c}
Time-temperature histories for the cell in roof-mounted modules
for a typical year. Tmax given for roof and rack-mounted modules.
Tmaw Tmaw Tmax, record,
LOCATION ROOF RACK AMBIENT
{C} {C {C}
Death Valley, CA 108 90 57
Riyadh 103 84 48
Phoenix, AZ 103 85 50
Yuma,AZ 100 83 51
New Delhi 97 79 45
Seville 97 79 45
Kuwait City 99 83 51
Daytona, FL 90 73 39
Denver, CO 89 72 40
Miami, FL 86 70 37
Bangkok 85 69 38
New York, NY 89 73 41
Munich 79 64 36
Fairbanks, AK 70 59 36
Tmax predicted from 30 year record temperature data
NATIONAL RENEWABLE ENERGY LAB SR TORY 3 Innovation for Our Energy Future
- 1Miami, Tmax=71, 57 C
Riyadh, T =88, 72*C
Phoenix, T ,~=
-
