Cascaded Modulator-chicane Modules for Optical Manipulation of Relativistic Electron Beams Page: 3 of 24
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(M-C-M-C-M-C) to perform precise manipulation of the electron beam for several purposes,
namely, 1) for the synthesis of optical scale waveforms in the phase space and in the emitted
coherent radiation, 2) as a method to enhance the high-harmonic microbunching in EEHG,
and 3) for the production of a nearly ideally pre-bunched beam. We focus specifically on a
layout in which the same wavelength is used in each section. Shown in Fig 1, this design
enables the use of a single laser and thus eases demands on the precision timing control
of the e-beam and laser between sections. We show that successive single-frequency mod-
ulations interspersed by dispersive elements can be used to synthesize a train of periodic
sawtooth, triangle and square waveforms in the longitudinal phase space distribution. This
results in an e-beam analog of an RF function generator, but at the optical scale. Alter-
natively, the scheme can also be used to generate periodic square and triangle waveforms
in the integrated e-beam current distribution. In a broadband radiator, the beam emits
optical fields with temporal structures that replicate the current profile, therefore this tech-
nique can be used as an optical waveform generator to produce instantaneous fields with
square or triangle waveforms at the optical wavelength. Both of these techniques may have
compelling applications in ultra-fast science and quantum control [22, 23]. We show that
a linearization procedure also enables this technique to improve the harmonic bunching in
EEHG applications. Finally, we also present a scenario in which the beam bunching factor
at the laser frequency exceeds 90%, suggesting a way to significantly increase the capture
and acceleration efficiency in modern IFEL applications [24].
We note that the versatile triple modulator/chicane scheme has been explored previously
in different contexts. In [25] the setup was examined as a method to strongly upconvert
the frequency of a low-power, short wavelength laser in order to seed an x-ray FEL. An
alternate arrangement (M-C-M-M-C) in which the wavelength of the third modulation is
large was described in [26] as a way to combine EEHG with compression from a linear chirp
to produce an attosecond x-ray pulse. An extension of this was introduced in [27] for the
production of a train of attosecond pulses for amplification in a mode-locked x-ray FEL.
In [28], an arrangement in which the first M-C section pre-density modulates the beam
was proposed as a technique to enhance the performance of EEHG for the production of
high-harmonics. Thus, given the multitude of optimizations and modularity of the setup,
what we present is not meant to be exhaustive, but merely to outline several new additional
advanced applications.3
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Hemsing, Erik & Xiang, Dao. Cascaded Modulator-chicane Modules for Optical Manipulation of Relativistic Electron Beams, article, February 7, 2013; United States. (https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc839525/m1/3/: accessed April 18, 2024), University of North Texas Libraries, UNT Digital Library, https://digital.library.unt.edu; crediting UNT Libraries Government Documents Department.