Development of an Extreme Environment Materials Research Facility at Princeton Page: 4 of 8
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strike points on the order of 15 MW / m2 to 20 MW / m2 for
long-term duty cycles.
The consequences of high neutron fluences on
materials are also seen in the basic energy science research.
At the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN in Geneva,
Switzerland, 7 TeV proton beams will be collided at an
intensity of 1034/cm2/s yielding 10 year integrated radiation
doses of 10 MRad delivered to the particle detectors.
Data is needed for refining predictive failure modes
(modeling) in extreme environments, as well as providing a
technical platform for the development of new solutions,
including the investigation of repair mechanisms. There is a
need to investigate and understand damage evolution
mechanisms that lead to material failure under extreme
heating. Additionally, a need exist to perform such analysis
under accelerated temporal parameters as many material
failure concerns appear after decades of expose to stresses and
other environmental factors. New models of high-temperature
deformation and fracture are needed for creep-fatigue
interaction and elastic-plastic, time-dependent fracture
mechanics. Similar needs exist for materials with low
ductility, pronounced anisotropy, composites and multilayers.
The opportunity to explore the interplay between
environments and the impacts on properties will be needed if
future materials and alloys deployed in extreme environments
are to be identified. For example, exploring high heat flux
sources and mechanical stressing in large volume rarified
gaseous environments will provide unique capabilities for
aerospace engineering material studies with implications for
the design of re-entry vehicles.
III. FACILITY DESCRIPTION
The Extreme Environment Materials Research
Facility will integrate an environmentally controlled chamber
with extreme flux beams and probe beams accessing a central,
large volume target. A sketch of the layout is depicted in
Figure 1 and a schematic view of the chamber is presented in
Figure 2.
The proposed Facility will harnesses the capabilities
of a test cell that previously hosted the United States most
powerful (MFE) fusion reactor, the Tokamak Fusion Test
Reactor (TFTR). The TFTR test cell was developed for
radiation and safety controls with extensive loading and
assembly infrastructure. The deuterium beam line heat source
originate from the TFTR.
To generate neutrons from a focused square
centimeter metal titride target, obtaining fluxes up to a few
times 1013 n/s. The proposed facility aims at expanding this
technology to square meter surfaces with up to an order of
magnitude larger average beam power. The neutrons produced
by the deuterium beams would provide for vacancy and
interstitial generation, and helium generation from neutron-
alpha nuclear interactions. Opposing mechanisms for self-
healing or vacancy-interstitial recombination are important in
understanding how to develop highly radiation resistant
materials.Target chamber diagnostics will include infrared
cameras, residual gas analyzer (RGA), thermocouples, and
other instrumentation as part of the baseline diagnostics
employed during material heating operations. High-energy
deposition in either acute or continuous mode of operation is
also achievable, thus providing a range of testing protocol
conditions. The target chamber will be lined with actively
cooled backing (armor) plates in support of these high-heat
flux deposition capabilities.
By sustaining high temperatures through
environmental controls and repeated beam pulsing, the
conditions that effect materials in medium-range extremes of
heat flux and exposure duration can be explored using the heat
source alone. Accelerated defect generation can be induced
with neutron exposure, and the combination of radiation
exposure and the high peak power heat fluxes that provide the
unique capability in the propose facility.
IV. BEAM PROBE DESCRIPTION
While the concept of D-T generated neutrons was
successfully utilized in the past for small-scale intense
sources, such as the Rotating Target Neutron Source - 2
(RTNS-2), there is no materials research facility that has kept
up with the pace of increasing radiation and heat exposures
confronted by the current generation of research and
engineering challenges.Test Cell
General Arrangement
Extreme Environment Materials Test StandDoor
'D43
118Chamber Access Port
Removable auu Pmpn
o Targetdiamber1
o o Overhead
Figure 1. Depiction of Proposed Facility Layout
Hydrogen (deuterium) beams will provide up to 75
MW/in2 of pulsed heat for durations up to 2 seconds. High-
energy, neutron-induced radiation damage will be provided
with a deuterium beam injector incident on metal titride or
liquid lithium targets providing a flux of 14 MeV neutrons in
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Cohen, A. B.; Tully, C. G.; Austin, R.; Calaprice, F.; McDonald, K.; Ascione, G. et al. Development of an Extreme Environment Materials Research Facility at Princeton, article, November 17, 2010; Princeton, New Jersey. (https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc833813/m1/4/: accessed April 24, 2024), University of North Texas Libraries, UNT Digital Library, https://digital.library.unt.edu; crediting UNT Libraries Government Documents Department.