A Brief Review of Viscosity Models for Slag in Coal Gasification Page: 2 of 51
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Page 2 of 51
Table of Contents
E xecutive Sum m ary ...................................................................................................... 3
1. Introduction..................................................................................................................... 4
1.1 Slag and A sh Form ation .................................................................................... 4
1.2 Blast Furnaces and Continuous Casting........................................................... 5
1.3 Co-firing and Other Uses of Slags .................................................................... 7
1.4 Computational Fluid Dynamics and Multiphase Issues .................................... 7
2. Governing Equations of Motion and Heat Transfer .................................................. 10
2.1 Single Phase (Component) Approach .................................................................. 10
2.2 Multi-Phase (Component) Approach.................................................................. 11
3. The Importance of Slag Layer Viscosity in Gasfication and Combustion Processes... 15
3.1 V iscosity of Slags .............................................................................................. . 15
3.2. A Brief Review of Various Viscosity Models .................................................... 17
4. Constitutive Modeling of Slag .................................................................................. 29
4.1 Background ............................................................................................................. 29
4.2 Yields Stress............................................................................................................ 30
4.3 Effects of Concentration, Shear Rate, Temperature, and Pressure ..................... 32
4.3.1 C oncentration Effect .................................................................................... 32
4.3.2 Normal Stress Effects and Shear-Rate Dependent Viscosity ...................... 33
4.3.3 Tem perature Effect ...................................................................................... 35
4.3.4 Pressure E ffects........................................................................................... 35
5. C oncluding R em arks.................................................................................................. 37
References ......................................................................................................................... 39
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Massoudi, Mehrdad & Wang, Ping. A Brief Review of Viscosity Models for Slag in Coal Gasification, report, November 1, 2011; United States. (https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc831581/m1/2/: accessed April 18, 2024), University of North Texas Libraries, UNT Digital Library, https://digital.library.unt.edu; crediting UNT Libraries Government Documents Department.