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China: Economic Sanctions
U.S. Economic Sanctions Currently in Place Against China
U.S.-China relations, since 1969, when the process of normalization began
under President Nixon, have advanced to a point that relatively few restrictions
remain.' Today, U.S. economic sanctions against China include:
" limits on U.S. foreign assistance;
" U.S. "No" votes or abstention in the international banks;
" ban on Overseas Private Investment Corporation (OPIC) programs;
" ban on export of defense articles or defense services;
" ban on import of munitions or ammunition;
" denial of Generalized System of Preferences status;
" substantial export controls on dual-use items, particularly satellites,
nuclear technology, and computers; and
" export and licensing restrictions on targeted entities found to have
engaged in proliferation of missiles and weapons of mass destruction
(or related technology).
Many of these sanctions are imposed as a U.S. response to the Chinese
government's crackdown against a fledgling democracy movement in the spring of
1989. The incidents at Tiananmen Square upended what had been two decades of
cautious but positive steps toward full and unfettered economic relations between the
United States and China.
U.S.-China relations have also been impeded by China's willingness, some
would say eagerness, to export nuclear materials and goods and technology related
to missile proliferation. The early 1990s can be noted for reports that China assisted
Pakistan, Iran, and North Korea in their pursuit of the acquisition of weapons of mass
destruction.
Tiananmen Sanctions
In 1990, in the wake of the 1989 Tiananmen Square crackdown in China,
Congress passed legislation to reenforce interim economic and diplomatic sanctions
that President George H.W. Bush had implemented earlier to express U.S.'For a discussion of U.S. sanctions in place against China from 1949 to 1997, see: Rennack,
Dianne E. China: U.S. Economic Sanctions. CRS Report 96-272 F. October 1, 1997. 51
p.
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Rennack, Dianne E. China: Economic Sanctions, report, May 5, 2003; Washington D.C.. (https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc816984/m1/4/: accessed April 25, 2024), University of North Texas Libraries, UNT Digital Library, https://digital.library.unt.edu; crediting UNT Libraries Government Documents Department.