The Endangered Species Act: A Primer Page: 3 of 30
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The Endangered Species Act: A Primer
Contents
Overview.......................................................................................................................................... 1
What Is the ESA? ...................................................................................................................... 1
Why Is the ESA Controversial?................................................................................................. 1
A uthority, A uthorization, and A ppropriation......................................................................... 2
A re ESA Prohibitions and A uthorities Still In Effect? .................................................... 3
W hat A re H ouse and Senate Rules for A ppropriations? ................................................. 3
W hat A re the Effects of N ot A ppropriating Funds? ........................................................ 4
H as the ESA Been Effective? ................................................................................................. 5
Leading Causes of Extinction............................................................................................... 6
Is Extinction Normal?................................................................................................................ 6
How Do Current Extinction Rates Compare to Background Rates?...................................... 7
Major Provisions.............................................................................................................................. 7
Endangered and Threatened Species D efined ...................................................................... 7
"Take"........................................................................................................................................ 8
Fish and W ildlife Service and N ational M arine Fisheries Service ......................................... 8
Listings ...................................................................................................................................... 8
Candidate Species...................................................................................................................... 9
D elisting, U plisting, and D ow nlisting .................................................................................... 9
Critical Habitat ........................................................................................................................ 10
Recovery Plans ........................................................................................................................ 10
Land Acquisition ..................................................................................................................... 11
Cooperation with States........................................................................................................... 11
Consultation............................................................................................................................. 11
Exemptions.............................................................................................................................. 12
W hy Is the Exem ption Process Rarely U sed?............................................................... 13
Perm its for N onfederal A actions .......................................................................................... 14
Other Provisions ...................................................................................................................... 15
Prohibitions and Penalties ................................................................................................... 15
International A pplications of the ESA .................................................................................. 15
CITES Scientific and M anagem ent A uthorities ............................................................. 16
Imports/Exports................................................................................................................. 16
Selected Provisions of the ESA : A Closer Look......................................................................... 16
Listing...................................................................................................................................... 17
Bases for Listings.............................................................................................................. 17
Pre-Listing A ctivities...................................................................................................... 19
Special Rules for Threatened Species .......................................................................... 19
D istinct Population Segm ents ........................................................................................ 20
Experim ental Populations ............................................................................................ 21
D esignation of Critical H abitat........................................................................................... 21
Low Priority from FW S for D esignation .......................................................................... 22
Post-Listing A ctivities: Consultation.................................................................................. 23
Appendixes
A ppendix. Exem ption A pplications........................................................................................... 25
Congressional Research Service
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Corn, M. Lynne; Alexander, Kristina & Buck, Eugene H. The Endangered Species Act: A Primer, report, October 9, 2012; Washington D.C.. (https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc809167/m1/3/: accessed April 17, 2024), University of North Texas Libraries, UNT Digital Library, https://digital.library.unt.edu; crediting UNT Libraries Government Documents Department.