High-resolution operation of frequency-multiplexed transition-edge photon sensors Page: 3 of 14
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Transition-Edge Sensors (TESs) are a promising technology for precision measurements
of electromagnetic radiation at gamma-ray, x-ray, optical, and far-infrared to millimeter
wavelengths2,3,4. These sensors consist of superconducting thin films electrically biased in the
resistive transition. Their sensitivity is a result of the strong dependence of resistance on
temperature in the transition and the low specific heat and thermal conductivity of materials at
typical operating temperatures near 100 mK. Because TES sensors can be reliably fabricated
using well-established thin-film techniques, they are likely to be used in several important
upcoming measurement programs which require imaging arrays of 103-104 sensors. These
programs include studies of the polarization of the cosmic microwave background, the planned
x-ray satellites XEUS and Constellation-X, and the sub-millimeter array SCUBA II. Large
sensor arrays also provide increased collection area for applications in materials analysis.
However, the undegraded measurement of signals from thousands of sensors and the transport of
these signals from below 1 K to room temperature pose significant technical challenges. In order
to realize the next-generation instruments mentioned above, techniques to minimize the number
of interconnects and read-out amplifiers are required. Two proposed methods for reading out
large arrays of TES sensors are time and frequency-domain multiplexing"'67. While time-
domain multiplexing has been successfully demonstrated8, frequency-domain multiplexers that
combine all of the features needed for a practical system are still under development.
In this letter, we present a frequency-domain multiplexing measurement in which two
sensors are measured with a single amplifier. As shown in Fig. 1, each TES is biased at an
identifying frequency and operated in a series resonant circuit to suppress out-of-band noise.
The current through each sensor couples inductively to a superconducting loop and the summedpreprint - submitted to Applied Physics Letters
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Cunningham, M.F.; Ullom, J.N.; Miyazaki, T.; Labov, S.E.; Clarke, John; Lanting, T.M. et al. High-resolution operation of frequency-multiplexed transition-edge photon sensors, article, April 17, 2002; Berkeley, California. (https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc779925/m1/3/: accessed April 25, 2024), University of North Texas Libraries, UNT Digital Library, https://digital.library.unt.edu; crediting UNT Libraries Government Documents Department.