Numerical investigation of electric heating impacts on solid/liquid glass flow patterns. Page: 1 of 9
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NUMERICAL INVESTIGATIONS OF ELECTRIC HEATING IMPACTS
ON SOLID/LIQUID GLASS FLOW PATTERNS
S.L. Chang, C.Q. Zhou* and B. Golchert
Argonne National Laboratory
Argonne, IL 60439 USA
slchang@anl.gov
*Purdue University Calumet
Hammond, IN 46323 USAABSTRACT
A typical glass furnace consists of a combustion
space and a melter. Intense heat is generated from
the combustion of fuel and air/oxygen in the
combustion space. This heat is transferred mainly
by radiation to the melter in order to melt sand and
cullet (scrap glass) eventually creating glass
products. Many furnaces use electric boosters to
enhance glass melting and increase productivity.
The coupled electric/combustion heat transfer
patterns are key to the glass making processes. The
understanding of the processes can lead to the
improvement of glass quality and furnace efficiency.
The effects of electrical boosting on the flow
patterns and heat transfer in a glass melter are
investigated using a multiphase Computational Fluid
Dynamics (CFD) code with addition of an electrical
boosting model. The results indicate that the
locations and spacing of the electrodes have large
impacts on the velocity and temperature
distributions in the glass melter. With the same total
heat input, the batch shape (which is determined by
the overall heat transfer and the batch melting rate)
is kept almost the same. This indicates that electric
boosting can be used to replace part of heat by
combustion. Therefore, temperature is lower in the
combustion space and the life of the furnace can be
prolonged. The electric booster can also be used to
increase productivity without increasing the furnace
size.
NOMENCLATURE
d empirical film thickness (m)
D particle diameter (m)
g gravitational acceleration (m/s2)
hm heat of melting
k thermal conductivity (w/m/K)
n particle number density (#/m3)
p pressure (Pa)
qc film conduction heat flux (J/m2)qr
S
T
ui
xiradiation heat flux (Jm2)
source term in conservation equation
temperature (K)
velocity, i=1,2, and 3 (m/s)
Cartesian coordinates, i=1,2, and 3Greek Symbols
I diffusivity (m2/s)
K compressibility (Pa)
viscosity (Pa-s)
0 volume fraction
p density (kg/m3)
general flow property (1,ui, and h)
Subscripts
p particle
m melting
INTRODUCTION
Rapid advances in computer speed and memory
have made possible a concurrent advance in numerical
analyses of complex combustion systems of practical
interest. One of such systems is a glass furnace that
consists of a combustion space, a glass-melting tank
(melter), and a glass holding tank (refiner). In the
furnace, the intense heat (mainly radiation) from the
combustion of fuel and air/oxygen is used to melt sand
and cullet (scrap glass) into liquid glass before
forming final products such as pane glass, TV glass,
and etc. Liquid glass is extremely viscous at low
temperatures and glass quality suffers when low
temperature spots exist in a melter. Many furnaces use
electric boosters in the glass melt to enhance glass
melting and increase productivity. Electric boosting
can also supplement the fossil fuel used for
combustion with electrical energy supplied by the
electrodes. The coupled electric/combustion heat
transfer patterns are key to the glass making processes.
The understanding of the processes can lead to the
improvement of glass quality and furnace efficiency.
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Chang, S. L.; Zhou, C. Q. & Golchert, B. Numerical investigation of electric heating impacts on solid/liquid glass flow patterns., article, July 2, 2002; Illinois. (https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc742823/m1/1/: accessed April 18, 2024), University of North Texas Libraries, UNT Digital Library, https://digital.library.unt.edu; crediting UNT Libraries Government Documents Department.