X-ray microimaging by diffractive techniques Page: 1 of 5
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ID: ER60858-1004204-0000046
Principal Investigator: Janos Kirz 631-632-8106
Co-PIs - Chris Jacobsen
Institution: State University of New York, Stony Brook
Title: X-Ray Microimaging by Diffractive Techniques
SC Division: SC-73
Program Manager: Roland F. Hirsch 301-903-9009 DOE Patent Clearance Granted
Research Areas: StrBio-Comp A -3 }2
Mark P. Dvorscak Date
(630) 252-2393
-mail: mark.dvorscak @ch.doe.goV
Office of intellectual Property Law
DOE Chicago Operations Ofice
FINAL REPORT
APPROACH: We have developed a soft x-ray microscopy beamline (X-IA) at the National Synchrotron
Light Source at Brookhaven National Laboratory. This beamline has been upgraded recently to provide two
endstations dedicated to microscopy experiments. One endstation hosts a brand new copy of the redesigned
room temperature scanning x-ray microscope (STXM), and the other end station hosts a cryo STXM and
the original redesigned room temperature microscope, which has been commissioned and has started
operation. Cryo STXM and the new microscope use the same new software package, running under the
LINUX operating system. The new microscope is showing improved image resolution and extends
spectromicroscopy to the nitrogen, oxygen and iron edges. These microscopes are used by us, and by users
of the facility, to image hydrated specimens at 50 nm or better spatial resolution and with 0.1-0.5 eV energy
resolution. This allows us to carry out chemical state mapping in biological, materials science, and
environmental and colloidal science specimens. In the cryo microscope, we are able to do chemical state
mapping and tomography of frozen hydrated specimens, and this is of special importance for radiation-
sensitive biological specimens.
We have also developed new techniques such as an automated method for acquiring "stacks" of images
for spectromicroscopic analysis, and methods for obtaining real-space images from the soft x-ray
diffraction patterns of non-crystalline specimens. The user program provides opportunities for
collaborators and other groups to exploit the techniques available and to develop them further.
RESULTS TO DATE: The cryo STXM effectively removes radiation damage as a limitation to soft x-
ray microscopy studies in biology. With the cryo STXM, former graduate student Y. Wang has obtained a
100x100x250 nm 3D reconstruction of a frozen hydrated 3T3 fibroblast. More recently Ph. D. recipient
Barry Winn has obtained an even higher resolution 3D image of a yeast cell. This is the highest resolution
3D image of the entirety of structures within a frozen-vitrified, non-chemically-fixed eucaryotic cell (rather
than just of labeled structures). This instrument received a 1999 R&D 100 award.
PhD recipient A. Osanna has also demonstrated the ability to exploit x-ray absorption near-edge
structure (XANES) resonances for chemical state mapping in the cryo STXM. With co-PI C. Jacobsen, and
an improved version of his automated data acquisition program STACKS, she applied principal component
analysis (PCA) to isolate major components milk. In addition, in collaboration with Dr. Rod Balhom of
LLNL, they used PCA and XANES spectromicroscopy to map protamine 1, protamine 2, protamine 2
precursor, and histone content in human sperm to better understand the relationship between DNA packing
and male infertility. With the room temperature STXM, former graduate student U. Neuhaeusler used
XANES to study how layered double hydroxides and clays cage oil in a new surfactant-free emulsion
developed by S. Abend and G. Lagaly of U. Kiel, Germany; these new emulsions offer improved
environmental and toxicological properties for cosmetics and oral drug delivery systems. Postdoc Thorsten
Schaefer has used XANES to study the effects of organic coatings on clays on the transport of
radionuclides in ground water.
Former graduate student J. Miao obtained images of microfabricated test patterns at high resolution by
reconstructing their soft x-ray diffraction patterns; this offers an approach to excede the 30 nm resolution
limit of today's zone plates. This work was published in the July 22, 1999 issue of Nature, and has
attracted much attention, including a news story in Science (July 23). In a major step toward extending this
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Kirz, Janos & Jacobsen, Chris. X-ray microimaging by diffractive techniques, report, July 31, 2001; United States. (https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc742499/m1/1/: accessed April 25, 2024), University of North Texas Libraries, UNT Digital Library, https://digital.library.unt.edu; crediting UNT Libraries Government Documents Department.