Electron-cloud simulation results for the SPS and recent results for the LHC Page: 2 of 15
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:tron energy, E0 [eV
Figure 1: SEY at normal incidence as a function of incident electron energy for Cu (data courtesy N.
Hilleret) and St.St. (data courtesy R. Kirby). The samples were measured by different apparatuses, and
were in different states of surface conditioning.
We stress that the Cu and St.St. samples for which this data was taken were in different states of
surface conditioning, and neither is representative of what is expected for the LHC beam screen in normal
operation. In particular, the value 6max 2.05 in this data is higher than what has been obtained by
adequate conditioning of Cu samples of the LHC beam screen [4]. Of course, only the case of Cu is relevant
to the LHC; we carry out here the simulation for both cases only for the purposes of exhibiting and explaining
the sensitivity of the results to the details of the emitted energy spectrum.
We also present results for simulations for the SPS in a dipole magnetic field. As we are interested
in benchmarking the code against measurements, we focus on the electron distribution, which exhibits
characteristic peaks on either side of the center of the chamber.
2 Model.
In this article we consider only the dominant sources of electrons. For the LHC, the dominant source is the
photoelectrons arising from the synchrotron radiation striking the walls of the vacuum chamber. For the
Table 1: Secondary components (Eo 300 eV).61 32 3
Cu 84% 15% 1%
St.St. 57% 37% 6%2
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Furman, M. A. & Pivi, M. T. F. Electron-cloud simulation results for the SPS and recent results for the LHC, article, June 19, 2002; Berkeley, California. (https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc738727/m1/2/: accessed April 20, 2024), University of North Texas Libraries, UNT Digital Library, https://digital.library.unt.edu; crediting UNT Libraries Government Documents Department.