Fuel Cell Handbook, Fifth Edition Page: 4 of 352
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4.2.6 Effects of Cell Life........................................................................................................ 4-12
4.3 SUMMARY OF EQUATIONS FOR AFC ........................................................................................ 4-12
4.4 REFERENCES ............................................................................................................................. 4-12
5. PH O SPH O RIC A CID FUEL CELL............................................................................................. 5-1
5.1 CELL COMPONENTS .................................................................................................................... 5-2
5.1.1 State-of-the-Art Components .......................................................................................... 5-2
5.1.2 Developm ent Components .............................................................................................. 5-5
5.2 PERFORM ANCE............................................................................................................................ 5-9
5.2.1 Effect of Pressure .......................................................................................................... 5-10
5.2.2 Effect of Temperature ................................................................................................... 5-11
5.2.3 Effect of Reactant Gas Composition and Utilization .................................................... 5-12
5.2.4 Effect of Impurities ....................................................................................................... 5-14
5.2.5 Effects of Current Density............................................................................................. 5-17
5.2.6 Effects of Cell Life................................................................................................. . 5-18
5.3 SUMMARY OF EQUATIONS FOR PAFC ...................................................................................... 5-18
5.4 REFERENCES ............................................................................................................................. 5-20
6. M O LTEN CARBO NATE FUEL CELL ...................................................................................... 6-1
6.1 CELL COMPONENTS .................................................................................................................... 6-4
6.1.1 State-of-the-Art ............................................................................................................... 6-4
6.1.2 Developm ent Components .............................................................................................. 6-9
6.2 PERFORM ANCE..........................................................................................................................6-12
6.2.1 Effect of Pressure .......................................................................................................... 6-14
6.2.2 Effect of Temperature ................................................................................................... 6-17
6.2.3 Effect of Reactant Gas Composition and Utilization .................................................... 6-19
6.2.4 Effect of Impurities ....................................................................................................... 6-23
6.2.5 Effects of Current Density............................................................................................. 6-28
6.2.6 Effects of Cell Life........................................................................................................ 6-28
6.2.7 Internal Reform ing ........................................................................................................ 6-29
6.3 SUMMARY OF EQUATIONS FOR M CFC ..................................................................................... 6-32
6.4 REFERENCES ............................................................................................................................. 6-36
7. INTERMEDIATE TEMPERATURE SOLID OXIDE FUEL CELL ....................................... 7-1
8. SOLID O XIDE FUEL CELL ........................................................................................................ 8-1
8.1 CELL COMPONENTS .................................................................................................................... 8-3
8.1.1 State-of-the-Art ............................................................................................................... 8-3
8.1.2 Cell Configuration Options ............................................................................................. 8-6
8.1.3 Developm ent Components ............................................................................................ 8-11
8.2 PERFORM ANCE..........................................................................................................................8-13
8.2.1 Effect of Pressure .......................................................................................................... 8-13
8.2.2 Effect of Temperature ................................................................................................... 8-14
8.2.3 Effect of Reactant Gas Composition and Utilization .................................................... 8-16
8.2.4 Effect of Impurities ....................................................................................................... 8-19
8.2.5 Effects of Current Density............................................................................................. 8-21
8.2.6 Effects of Cell Life.................................................................................................. . 8-21
8.3 SUMMARY OF EQUATIONS FOR SOFC41................................................................................... 8-22
8.4 REFERENCES ............................................................................................................................. 8-22
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Energy and Environmental Solutions. Fuel Cell Handbook, Fifth Edition, report, October 31, 2000; Morgantown, West Virginia. (https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc723834/m1/4/: accessed April 25, 2024), University of North Texas Libraries, UNT Digital Library, https://digital.library.unt.edu; crediting UNT Libraries Government Documents Department.