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38. Elbring, G. J., and S. M. Narbutovskih. 1994. Integrated Test Plan for Crosswell Com-
pressional and Shear Wave Seismic Tomography for Site Characterization at the VOC Arid
Site. WHC-SD-EN-TI-039, Westinghouse Hanford Company, Richland, Washington.
ABSTRACT: This integrated test plan describes the demonstration of the crosswell acoustic
tomography technique as part of the Volatile Organic Compounds-Arid Integrated Demonstration
(VOC-Arid ID). The purpose of this demonstration is to image the subsurface seismic velocity
structure and to relate the resulting velocity model to lithology and saturation. In fiscal year (FY)
1994 an initial fielding will test three different downhole sources at two different sites at the U.S.
Department of Energy Hanford Site to identify which sources will provide the energy required to
propagate between existing steel-cased wells at these two sites. Once this has been established, a
second fielding will perform a full compressional and shear wave tomographic survey at the most
favorable site. Data reduction, analysis, and interpretation of this full data set will be completed by
the end of this fiscal year. The specific need is detailed subsurface characterization with minimum
intrusion. This technique also has applications for long-term vadose zone monitoring for both
Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) waste storage facilities and for remediation
monitoring. Images produced are continuous between boreholes. This is a significant improvement
over the single point data derived solely from core information. Saturation changes, either naturally
occurring (e.g., perched water tables) or remediation-induced (e.g., water table mounding from
injection wells or during inwell air sparging), could be imaged. These crosswell data allow optimal
borehole placement for groundwater remediation, associated monitoring wells, and possibly evalua-
tion of the effective influence of a particular remediation technique.
39. Elbring, G. J. 1995. Comparison of Lower-Frequency (<1000 Hz) Downhole Seismic Sources
for Use at Environmental Sites. SAND-95-0344C, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquer-
que, New Mexico. ABSTRACT: In conjunction with crosswell seismic surveying being done at
the Hanford Site in south-central Washington, four different downhole seismic sources have been
tested between the same set of boreholes. The four sources evaluated were the Bolt airgun, the
OYO-Conoco orbital vibrator, and two Sandia-developed vertical vibrators, one pneumatically
driven, and the other based on a magnetostrictive actuator. The sources generate seismic energy in
the lower frequency range of less than 1000 Hz and have different frequency characteristics,
radiation patterns, energy levels, and operational considerations. Collection of identical data sets
with all four sources allows the direct comparison of these characteristics and an evaluation of the
suitability of each source for a given site and target.
40. Engelmann, R. E., R. E. Lewis, and D. C. Stromswold. 1995. Calibration Models for Density
Borehole Logging - Construction Report. PNL-10800, Battelle Pacific Northwest Laboratories,
Richland, Washington. ABSTRACT: Two machined blocks of magnesium and aluminum alloys
form the basis for Hanford's density models. The blocks provide known densities of 1.780
0.002 g/cu cm and 2.804 0.002 g/cu cm for calibrating borehole logging tools that measure
density based on gamma-ray scattering from a source in the tool. Each block is -33 x 58 x 91 cm
(13 x 23 x 36 in.) with cylindrical grooves cut into the sides of the blocks to hold steel casings of
inner diameter 15 cm (6 in.) and 20 cm (8 in.). Spacers that can be inserted between the blocks and
casings can create air gaps of thickness 0.64, 1.3, 1.9, and 2.5 cm (0.25, 0.5, 0.75, and 1.0 in.),
simulating air gaps that can occur in actual wells from hole enlargements behind the casing.C.11
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Last, G. V. & Horton, D. G. Review of Geophysical Characterization Methods Used at the Hanford Site, report, March 23, 2000; Richland, Washington. (https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc718824/m1/80/: accessed April 25, 2024), University of North Texas Libraries, UNT Digital Library, https://digital.library.unt.edu; crediting UNT Libraries Government Documents Department.